tuberose1234.pptx

Production technology

1. Tuberose Submitted by: Hamza Niaz Mohsan Ali Mohammad Sohaib Submitted to: Mam Hera Gul The Islamia university of Bahawalpur

2. Tuberose Scientific Name : Polianthes tuberosa L. Family : Agavaceae Description : Popular summer flowers, hardy bulbs, perennial cut flower. Cordyline ( white, pink, lavender),dracaena(white) and sensevieria belong to same family. Polianthes contain 13 species(nine have white flower, one is white tinged with red, two are red). Roots are adventitious and shallow.

3. Origin Pre Columbian, Mexico, Indo- P ak and France Sweet scented spikes used as a cut flower in garlands essential oil extraction for fragrance. Single or double tubular waxy flowers. Basal whorl of leaves that are succulent and linear. Spike are 90cm tall with 30 or more white flowers. Plants are grown from a thickened bulb with basal roots. Single flowered(single maxican ) and double flowered ( the pearl excelsior double pearl)

4. Varieties : pearl double, kalyani double, sawarna rekha , hydrabad double Single flowered Double flowered

5. Varieties:

6. Propagation In spring axillary rhizomes are removed. Allowed to callus for 24hr and replanted. Offset are produced in large number 15 to 20 offset develop from a large bulb in single season 3 year need to produced flowering from a bulblet offset Plant can be propagated by bulbs or in vitro techniques. Before planting treat corns in systematic fungicide and before storing also used fungicide. Dry in shade before planting or storing.

7. Climatic requirements Capacity of a bulb for flower opening depend the supply of carbohydrates High temperature are required for initiation differentiation and development 24℃ to 29℃ is optimum for growth and flowering. Plant thrive at high temperature from 21℃ to 29℃. Optimum soil temperature should be above 20℃ for maximum root growth Plants grow in full light, tuberose is a day neutral plant. Vegetative growth and flowering were advanced by 10 days under 16hr photoperiods. Soil requirements : Good drainage is essential, light sandy soil 6.5pH-7.5pH

8. Cultural requirements Nutrition: FYM@ 5kg N: 30g, P:20g, K: 10g/m2 Irrigation: After sprouting and 4-6 leaf stage Irrigation once a week is ideal Plant should not be water stressed. Irrigation depend on plant growth soil type climate Scheduling: Bulb are planted after frost season ( M arch, A pril) Five month are required for annual planting to flowering

9. Planting density and spacing Important factors are the purpose of cultivation weather for cut flowers. Planting material Nutrients status of the soil Cultivation in greenhouse or in the field Bulbs size 20-20cm row to row 30-20 plant to plant

10. Planting depth and methods of planting Planting depth: 8-10cm ideal for production of quality cut flowers and bulbs Methods of planting: Flat beds in low hill areas and on ridges in mid and high hill areas.

11. Staking or plant support Earthling up to 10-15cm height is done when plants are 15-20cm high Staking with bamboo or wooden sticks is done in beds and string or rope may be tied in three rows along the plant rows to avoid loading of plant

12. Weeding High manure and irrigation requirement creates congenial conditions for the growth of various weeds Three-four hand weeding are sufficient Control by using spray

13. Disease Bulb rot when the field are too wet or poorly drained. Blue mold botryis problem when climate is cool. Root crown rot Flower bud rot

14. Insect-pest Thrips Spider mites nematodes

15. Harvesting and handling Spikes are harvested when 2 to 4 flower are opened. For long distance shipping when only two florets are open. For local market more flower cab be open on spikes. All spikes are immediately placed in water. Floret lives approximately 3days. Average life of a spike is 10-14days. Single flower last longer than double flowers. A floral preservative or a 1.5% sugar vase solution is recommended. Pulsing with 20% sugar solution for 12-24 hours increase vase life. Ethylene reduced floret opening. STS no effect on vase life. 0-5 temperature recommended for shipping and storage.

16. Grading and Packing Grading: Tuberose cut flower are graded according to spike length rachis length and number of flowers per spike. Loose flower are graded according to flower size Packaging: Cut flower are marketed in bunches of 25, 50 or 100 and these bunches/bundle are packed in bamboo baskets

17. Grading and packing:

18. Bulb harvesting Bulbs harvest after 40-50 days of flowering or foliage start turning yellow Treat bulbs before storing Bulbs are graded into two sizes as small less than 1.5cm in diameter and large more than 1.5cm

19. Uses Sweet scented spikes used as a cut flower in garlands essential oil extraction for fragrance. Garland making Birthday ceremony Table purpose due to its long spike length