TWIG: the flexible, fast and secure template language for PHP
cesaredamico
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38 slides
Nov 10, 2010
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About This Presentation
TWIG is a template engine created by Fabien Potencier, the father of Symfony. In this talk you'll learn why he wrote it, its main features and strengths.
Slide Content
Cesare D'Amico
freelance php dev
Hi, nice to meet you!
[email protected]
Twitter: __ce (double underscore)
http://cesaredami.co/
freelance php dev
Hi, nice to meet you!
[email protected]
Twitter: __ce (double underscore)
http://cesaredami.co/
A bit of history
“So, you think PHP is a templating engine?”
Fabien Potencier - October 07, 2009
http://j.mp/lOnJU
In his opinion, php lacks:
●
concision (<?php echo $var ?>)
●
template-oriented syntax (foreach())
●
reusability
●
security + sandbox mode
“So, you think PHP is a templating engine?”
Fabien Potencier - October 07, 2009
http://j.mp/lOnJU
In his opinion, php lacks:
●
concision (<?php echo $var ?>)
●
template-oriented syntax (foreach())
●
reusability
●
security + sandbox mode
A bit of history
Available solutions (October 2009):
●
Smarty3: slow
●
PHPTAL: HTML only
●
ez Components: slowest, no
inheritance
●
Dwoo: no inheritance
●
Calypso: broken (in his author's
words)
Available solutions (October 2009):
●
Smarty3: slow
●
PHPTAL: HTML only
●
ez Components: slowest, no
inheritance
●
Dwoo: no inheritance
●
Calypso: broken (in his author's
words)
TWIG
●
Fast: Twig compiles templates to plain
optimized PHP code
●
Secure: sandbox mode for untrusted
template code
●
Flexible: powered by a flexible lexer
and parser, this allows to define
custom tags and filters
●
Fast: Twig compiles templates to plain
optimized PHP code
●
Secure: sandbox mode for untrusted
template code
●
Flexible: powered by a flexible lexer
and parser, this allows to define
custom tags and filters
Assignments
{% set foo = 'foo' %}
{% set foo = [1, 2] %}
{% set foo = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set foo = 'foo' ~ 'bar' %}
{% set foo, bar = 'foo', 'bar' %}
{% set foo %}
<div id="pagination">
...
</div>
{% endset %}
{% set foo = 'foo' %}
{% set foo = [1, 2] %}
{% set foo = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set foo = 'foo' ~ 'bar' %}
{% set foo, bar = 'foo', 'bar' %}
{% set foo %}
<div id="pagination">
...
</div>
{% endset %}
Control structures – for
{% for user in users %}
{% for i in 0..10 %}
{% for l in 'a'..'z' %}
{% for l in 'a'|upper..'z'|upper %}
{% for i in 0|range(10, 2) %}
{% for user in users %}
{% for i in 0..10 %}
{% for l in 'a'..'z' %}
{% for l in 'a'|upper..'z'|upper %}
{% for i in 0|range(10, 2) %}
Control structures – for
loop.index
loop.index0
loop.revindex *
loop.revindex0 *
loop.first (boolean)
loop.last * (boolean)
loop.length *
loop.parent
* Only for arrays and objects implementing
the Countable interface
loop.index
loop.index0
loop.revindex *
loop.revindex0 *
loop.first (boolean)
loop.last * (boolean)
loop.length *
loop.parent
* Only for arrays and objects implementing
the Countable interface
Control structures – for
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% else %}
<li><em>no user found</em></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% else %}
<li><em>no user found</em></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
Control structures – for
<ul>
{% for id in users|keys %}
<li>{{ id }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<ul>
{% for id in users|keys %}
<li>{{ id }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
Control structures – for
<ul>
{% for id, user in users %}
<li>{{ id }}: {{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<ul>
{% for id, user in users %}
<li>{{ id }}: {{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
Control structures – if
{% if users %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
{% if users %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
Control structures – if/else
{% if kenny.sick %}
Kenny is sick.
{% elseif kenny.dead %}
You killed Kenny! You bastard!!!
{% else %}
Kenny looks okay so far
{% endif %}
{% if kenny.sick %}
Kenny is sick.
{% elseif kenny.dead %}
You killed Kenny! You bastard!!!
{% else %}
Kenny looks okay so far
{% endif %}
Expressions: literals & math
"Hello World"
42 / 42.23
[foo, bar]
true / false
none
+ * / %
//
**
"Hello World"
42 / 42.23
[foo, bar]
true / false
none
+ * / %
//
**
Expressions: logic &
comparison
and or not (expression)
< > <= >= == !=
range comparisons:
{% if 1 < a < 4 %}
comparison
and or not (expression)
< > <= >= == !=
range comparisons:
{% if 1 < a < 4 %}
Even more operators!
in
.. (range)
| (apply filter)
~ (string concatenation)
. [] (attribute access: ala object/array)
?: (ternary operator)
in
.. (range)
| (apply filter)
~ (string concatenation)
. [] (attribute access: ala object/array)
?: (ternary operator)
Filters: built-in
date: {{ post.published_at|date("m/d/Y") }}
format: “I like %s and %s”
{{ string|format(foo, "bar") }}
replace: “I like %this% and %that%”
{{ string|format(['%this%': foo, '%that%': "bar"]) }}
url_encode, json_encode, title, capitalize, upper, lower,
striptags, join, reverse, length, sort, default, keys, escape / e,
raw
date: {{ post.published_at|date("m/d/Y") }}
format: “I like %s and %s”
{{ string|format(foo, "bar") }}
replace: “I like %this% and %that%”
{{ string|format(['%this%': foo, '%that%': "bar"]) }}
url_encode, json_encode, title, capitalize, upper, lower,
striptags, join, reverse, length, sort, default, keys, escape / e,
raw
Tests: built-in
divisibleby: {% if loop.index is divisibleby(3) %}
none: {{ var is none }}
even, odd
divisibleby: {% if loop.index is divisibleby(3) %}
none: {{ var is none }}
even, odd
Everyone still awake?
(the best is coming...)
(the best is coming...)
Inheritance – base file
<html>
<head>
{% block head %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock
%}</title>
{% endblock %}
</head>
<html>
<head>
{% block head %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock
%}</title>
{% endblock %}
</head>
Inheritance – base file
<body>
<div id="content">
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<div id="footer">
{% block footer %}
© Copyright 2010 by you.
{% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<div id="content">
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<div id="footer">
{% block footer %}
© Copyright 2010 by you.
{% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
Inheritance – child template
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Index{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
{% parent %}
<style type="text/css">
.important { color: #336699; }
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Index{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
{% parent %}
<style type="text/css">
.important { color: #336699; }
</style>
{% endblock %}
Inheritance – child template
{% block content %}
<h1>Index</h1>
<p class="important">
Welcome on my awesome homepage.
</p>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Index</h1>
<p class="important">
Welcome on my awesome homepage.
</p>
{% endblock %}
Dynamic & conditional
inheritance
{% extends some_var %}
{% extends ajax_output ? "ajax.html"
: "layout.html" %}
inheritance
{% extends some_var %}
{% extends ajax_output ? "ajax.html"
: "layout.html" %}
include
{% include 'header.html' %}
...Body...
{% include 'footer.html' %}
{% include 'foo' with ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set vars = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% include 'foo' with vars %}
{% include some_var %}
{% include ajax ? 'ajax.html':'base.html' %}
{% include 'header.html' %}
...Body...
{% include 'footer.html' %}
{% include 'foo' with ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set vars = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% include 'foo' with vars %}
{% include some_var %}
{% include ajax ? 'ajax.html':'base.html' %}
Macros
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
<input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% macro textarea(name, value, rows) %}
<textarea name="{{ name }}"
rows="{{ rows|default(10) }}"
cols="{{ cols|default(40) }}">
{{ value|e }}
</textarea>
{% endmacro %}
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
<input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% macro textarea(name, value, rows) %}
<textarea name="{{ name }}"
rows="{{ rows|default(10) }}"
cols="{{ cols|default(40) }}">
{{ value|e }}
</textarea>
{% endmacro %}
Macros – calling
<p>{{ _self.input('username') }}</p>
<p>{{ _self.textarea(
'description',
'...',
8
) }}</p>
<p>{{ _self.input('username') }}</p>
<p>{{ _self.textarea(
'description',
'...',
8
) }}</p>
import
{% import 'forms.html' as forms %}
<dl>
<dt>Username</dt>
<dd>{{ forms.input('username') }}</dd>
<dt>Password</dt>
<dd>{{ forms.input('password', none,
'password') }}</dd>
</dl>
<p>{{ forms.textarea('comment') }}</p>
{% import 'forms.html' as forms %}
<dl>
<dt>Username</dt>
<dd>{{ forms.input('username') }}</dd>
<dt>Password</dt>
<dd>{{ forms.input('password', none,
'password') }}</dd>
</dl>
<p>{{ forms.textarea('comment') }}</p>
import – hang yourself...
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
<input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% import _self as forms %}
<p>{{ forms.input('text','username') }}</p>
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
<input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% import _self as forms %}
<p>{{ forms.input('text','username') }}</p>
i18n – needs gettext!
{% trans "Hello World!" %}
{% trans string_var %}
{% trans %}Hello World!{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endtrans %}
{% trans Hello {{ name }}! %}
{% trans "Hello World!" %}
{% trans string_var %}
{% trans %}Hello World!{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endtrans %}
{% trans Hello {{ name }}! %}
i18n – plurals
{% trans %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have one apple.
{% plural apple_count %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have {{ count }}
apples.
{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have one apple.
{% plural apple_count %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have {{ count }}
apples.
{% endtrans %}
Let's use it: environment
<?php
require_once
'/path/to/lib/Twig/Autoloader.php';
Twig_Autoloader::register();
$loader = new
Twig_Loader_Filesystem('/path/to/templates');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => '/path/to/compilation_cache',
));
<?php
require_once
'/path/to/lib/Twig/Autoloader.php';
Twig_Autoloader::register();
$loader = new
Twig_Loader_Filesystem('/path/to/templates');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => '/path/to/compilation_cache',
));
Let's use it: render
<?php
$template = $twig>loadTemplate('tpl.html');
echo $template>render(array(
'the' => 'variables',
'go' => 'here'
));
Same as:
$template>display(...)
<?php
$template = $twig>loadTemplate('tpl.html');
echo $template>render(array(
'the' => 'variables',
'go' => 'here'
));
Same as:
$template>display(...)
Built-in loaders
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem($tplDir);
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem(
array($tplDir1, $tplDir2)
);
Dummy:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_String("...");
For unit testing:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Array($templates);
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem($tplDir);
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem(
array($tplDir1, $tplDir2)
);
Dummy:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_String("...");
For unit testing:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Array($templates);
Built-in extensions
Core (automatically registered)
Escaper
Sandbox
I18n
You can create your own extensions if you need so:
- implement interface Twig_ExtensionInterface
- extend Twig_Extension so you need only implement
needed methods
$twig>addExtension(
new Twig_Extension_Escaper()
);
Core (automatically registered)
Escaper
Sandbox
I18n
You can create your own extensions if you need so:
- implement interface Twig_ExtensionInterface
- extend Twig_Extension so you need only implement
needed methods
$twig>addExtension(
new Twig_Extension_Escaper()
);
Thanks everyone!
?
?
12-14 Maggio 2011
http://www.phpday.it/
http://www.phpday.it/
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