Types of angina pectoris and it's treatment

For b.pharm / nursing /pharmacology/ medicinal chemistry

1. TYPES OF ANGINA PECTORIS AND ITS TREATMENT Present By - SUBHA PANJA Univ. Roll No. – 20101921042 Year – 2 nd , sem – 5 th Subject – Medicinal Chemistry II Subject Code – PT513 Guidance By – Dr. SMITA PATRA

2. INDEX INTRODUCTION DEFINITION TYPES OF ANGINA PECTORIS CONCLUSION FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION Angina pectoris is a medical term used to describe chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, usually due to the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries. There are different types of angina, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches.

4. DEFINITION Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood. Angina pectoris is chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia (inadequate blood supply to the myocardium). TYPES OF ANGINA PECTORIS Stable angina Unstable angina Variant angina

5. STABLE ANGINA Also known as "exertional angina" or “typical angina" . It is the most common type of angina. Stable angina occurs predictably during physical exertion, emotional stress, or after a heavy meal. The pain is usually short-lived (typically lasting for a few minutes) and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin medication. Treatment for Stable Angina Lifestyle changes: Adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation can help manage stable angina. Medications: Nitroglycerin or short-acting nitrate medications can provide quick relief during an angina attack. Long-acting nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiplatelet agents may be prescribed to prevent angina episodes. Aspirin: Low-dose aspirin may be prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clot formation. Statins: Cholesterol-lowering medications may be prescribed to control cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of plaque buildup in arteries.

6. UNSTABLE ANGINA Also known as "acute coronary syndrome" (ACS). Unstable angina is more severe and unpredictable compared to stable angina. The pain may occur at rest, during minimal physical exertion, or be more intense and prolonged than stable angina. Unstable angina is considered a medical emergency as it may indicate a partial blockage or a vulnerable plaque that could lead to a heart attack. Treatment for Unstable Angina Hospitalization: People with unstable angina are usually hospitalized for close monitoring and immediate treatment. Medications: Nitroglycerin, aspirin, beta-blockers, and antiplatelet agents are often given promptly. Coronary angiography : A procedure used to visualize coronary arteries and identify blockages or vulnerable plaques. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): In cases of severe coronary artery disease, bypass surgery may be necessary to reroute blood flow around the blocked arteries.

7. VARIANT ANGINA Also known as "vasospastic angina." Variant angina occurs due to sudden spasms in the coronary arteries, leading to temporary narrowing and reduced blood flow. The pain can occur at rest and follows a distinctive pattern with episodes typically happening around the same time each day. Treatment for Variant Angina Medications: Calcium channel blockers and nitrates are often prescribed to relax and dilate the coronary arteries, preventing spasms. Lifestyle changes : Avoiding triggers such as cold weather or emotional stress can help manage the condition.

8. CONCLUSION Angina pectoris is a common symptom of heart disease, and its management is crucial to prevent complications like heart attack and heart failure. While current treatments are effective in managing angina and improving patients' quality of life, there are still some areas for future research and improvement.

9. FUTURE SCOPE It's important to note that medical research is continually evolving, and new breakthroughs may lead to even more promising treatments and management strategies for angina pectoris in the future. Always consult with a healthcare professional for the most up-to-date and personalized advice regarding angina and its treatment. Advanced Treatment Options: The development of new medications and therapies aimed at improving blood flow to the heart and reducing the frequency and severity of angina attacks. Digital Health and Wearable Devices: Integration of wearable devices and mobile health apps may allow continuous monitoring of heart health, enabling prompt detection of angina episodes and helping patients manage their condition more effectively.

10. REFERENCE A text book of Medicinal Chemistry II by Pragi Arora and Varun Arora, 8th Edition, PV Publication, Page No.- 35-39 text book of Medicinal Chemistry II by Dr. Selvakumar. S and Dr. R. Srinivasan, 4th Edition, 2019, Thakur Publication, Page No.- 52-62