Types of Articles and Care of Articles

This presentation is on topic of Types of Articles, Care of Articles and introduction to ward inventory and indent. Nursing Foundation is the core subject of First Year B.Sc. Nursing and this topic is important for the theory and the practical. This presentation briefs the detailed care of article used in hospital.

1. Subject: Nursing Foundation Topic: Types of articles and care of articles Presented By: Patel Ujjwal M B.Sc. Nursing Govt. College of Nursing Vaccine Campus Vadodara

2. OBJECTIEVS General Objective At the end of the class, the students will be acknowledged to Types of Articles and Care of Articles. Specific Objectives At the end of teaching students will be able to, Uphold their behavior in maintenance of articles. Enumerate the principles of cleanliness. Explain the purpose for caring articles . Enlist the types of articles. Discuss the care of enamel ware. Demonstrate the care of rubber goods. Explain the care of stainless steel & sharp articles. Participate in care of glass ware. Perform the care of linen Outline the indent maintenance. Explain ward inventory

3. Types of Article and Care of Article

4. Principles of Cleaning Dust clings to the moist surface. Dusting is done after sweeping and not before. Soap and water are used for cleaning Friction aids in mechanical cleaning. Abrasive is harmful to the painted and polished surface. Albuminous materials are coagulated by heat. So it should be removed by cold water. Bacteria grows in dark and unclean places. Exposure to sunlight destroy bacteria. Proper disinfecting and sterilization techniques are to be used. Choosing the correct and simplest method of cleaning, saves time, material & energy. Articles are stored in convenient place and keep unit neat and tidy.

5. Purpose of Cleaning To avoid the spread of infection. To prevent pathogenic organisms from gaining entrance to surgical wound. To remove all dust and dirt, bad odours and to make the hospital environment clean. To maintain aesthetic sense. To attain a high standard of nursing and to get first class healing of wounds. To prolong the life of articles. It trains nurse in habits of thoroughness, planning her work, quickness, and doing work in purposeful way.

6. Types of Articles Basis on use : Disposable Articles Reusable Articles Basis on Characteristics & Material: Enamel Ware. Rubber Goods Stainless Steel Articles. Plastic and Glass Ware. Linen.

7. Care of Enamel ware

8. Care of Bedpans Before emptying the bedpan, inspect the contents. If there are cotton sponges they are removed using forceps. Empty the bedpan into a lavatory pan, care being taken to avoid soiling the sides of basin. Rinse the bedpan with cold water under force. Wash with soap and warm water using brush. To disinfect the bedpans soak them in Lysol 1:40 for 1 hour. Bedpans may be placed in direct sunlight for few hours to deodorize and disinfect. Keep them dry for the next use in bedpan rack. Care of Urinals Urinals are used only for urine. Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for bedpans. Urinals should not be left standing, because a deposit will form on the inside, which is almost impossible to remove.

9. Care of Trays and Kidney Tray Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for bedpans. Care of Sputum Cups Non-infectious sputum may be emptied into the lavatory pan, care being taken not to soil the sides of the pan. Infectious sputum should be rendered harmlessly by boiling or disinfection by chemicals or disposed by burning. Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for bedpans. Before the sputum cups are given to the client add a small amount of antiseptic lotion, to prevent the sputum sticking to the sides.

10. Care of Rubber ware The nurse should make all efforts to prolong the life of rubber goods. Purchased only after their nature and durability have been investigated. Natural and synthetic rubber deteriorates with age, exposure to heat, light, moisture and by chemicals. They should not be creased or folded. Never use any pins to fix rubber goods. Boiling water ruins rubber. Should not be dried by heat or stove or radiator. They should be free from grease and acids. Any fluid split on them should be wiped off at once. Before subjecting rubber goods to disinfection by chemical process, its reaction to the agent should be determined. If autoclaving is used, short periods of exposure are recommended (10 to 15 min) with less pressure

11. Care of Mackintosh Spread the mackintosh on a table or a flat surface and wet it with cold water. Rub the both surface with soap and water using a clean towel. Wash both surfaces under running water. If stains are present, care should be taken to remove. For disinfection use Lysol or detol 1:40. Hang them on a horizontal cylindrical pole in shade to dry. When dry sprinkle powder. Store them in flat or rolled. Two mackintosh surface should be separated by paper. Rolling

12. Care of Gloves One should wash the gloves on their hands just before they are removed to prevent adherence of blood and other organic materials. After removing they are washed with soap and water first on the outside, then invert and repeat on the inside. Check for holes and tears, separate torn gloves. Hang them to dry, when outside is dried, turn inside out to dry. When both sides are dried, they are powdered inside and outside, packed in pairs of same size, right and left gloves in gloves wrapper. Now a day’s gloves are dipped into 0.5% chlorine solution. Autoclaving is the best method of sterilizing gloves.

13. Care of Rubber Tubes After the use wash them under running water, holding the eye upwards and allowing the water to run. A small quantity of organic matter may be logged at the eye end. Remove them using swab. Clean them with soap and warm water to remove the dirt and grease. Wash them again under running water. Boil tubes for 5 min by outing them in the boiling water. Dry them by hanging. When dried, powder and store them in airtight containers lengthwise. Reboil or autoclave them before use. Certain catheter which is easily destroyed by heat and moisture are disinfected using formalin tablets.

14. Care of Air cushion, hot water bag, Ice Caps Do not pour water into airbeds. It is sufficient to clean from outside During cleaning it should not be filled with air, as it has tendency to crack or weaken. In case of hot water bottles, ice caps and ice collars, empty the content immediately after the use. Wash and dry as in case of other rubber goods. Hang the bags upside down to drain the water. Ice bags are dried with piece of cloth. Covers are sent in laundry for washing

15. Care of Stainless steel and sharp instruments. Stainless steel utensils are suitable for almost every other purpose, because they are easily cleaned, heat resistant and unbreakable. When storing, this utensils are to be kept dry, lest the water on them leaves a mark.

16. Care of SS Instruments

17. Care of Sharp Instruments After the use it should be washed in running water. In running water. Immerse in 0.5 Chlorine for 10-20 minutes. Send for sterilization. Care of Needles Decontaminate all types of needles attached to syringe and flush with 0.5% chloride solution. Destroy the needle still attached to the syringe with needle destructor and throw into puncture proof container.

18. PROSESSING

19. Care of Glass ware

20. Test tubes, slides, thermometer etc are used in hospital. Soap and water for cleaning them. To remove organic matter immediate rinsing under running water is essential. Exposure of glass to sudden temperature causes break down. Must be kept inverted in autoclaving. The glass should be padded before autoclaving,

21. Care of Linen Linen is a fabric made from fibers. It includes clothes, sheets etc. in hospital setting linens are used for many purpose such as covering the bed, articles etc... Care of linen is important as it is expensive item in running of a hospital.

22. Linen used in hospital set-up: Bed sheets, blanket, curtains, cloth covers, towels, wrapper for tray and dressing set, patients clothes (gowns, shirt), staff clothes (cap, mask, gown, OT dress).

23. General Instruction to avoid spoiling and wastage of linen Follow hospital policy for maintenance of linen. Store the clean linen in cupboard and maintain stock register. Care should be taken to avoid linen being taken home by the clients on discharge. Stock should be checked. Torn linen should not be used on the bed but sent for mending. Soiled linen should not be placed on the floor. Regularly send the dirty linen to laundry for washing and ironing. Damp linen should be dried. Try to remove fresh stains by using appropriate stain remover. Draw mackintosh over bed sheets to protect from stains. The linen used for infectious patient should be disinfected first. Always use mackintosh over top linen. Teach the importance of keeping clean hospital linen to the patients.

24. REMOVAL OF STAINS Blood Stain Soak in cold water/ H2O2/Starch FRESH - Soak immediately in cold water. When the stain disappear, wash them in warm soapy water OLD – Soak in hydrogen peroxide and ammonia for hours and wash in cold water and then with soap and warm water. THICK – Apply a thick paste of starch and water, and allow to stand in sun. When dry brush of stain Tea/Coffee Pour milk and wash Stains are removed by pouring milk over it. Washing them in cold or hot water and sodium carbonate will remove the stain. If not completely gone, lemon juice may be rubbed.

25. Aniline Dye/ Gention Violet Wet the cloth and bleach them in the sunlight. Chlorine water bleaches the dyes. If chlorine water is used, rinse the bleach thoroughly with warm water after the stain disappears. Candle Wax Scrape off the wax. Place a cloth pad or blotting paper under and over the stain and press it with hot ironing box.

26. Medicine Stain - Apply Spirit Ink Stain Dip in cool water Sprinkle salt and lemon Dry in sun Food Stain - Apply salt and pour hot water Rust - Apply salt and lemon

27. Disinfection of contaminated linen Always use laundry box/hamper trolley for collecting contaminated linen. It should not be put on floor. Dip the linen in a bucket of 0.5% solution of chlorine for 10min. Rinse it in water and dry in sun. Send for autoclaving. After disinfecting linen store them in appropriate cupboard. For sterilization use glutaraldehyde 0.2% for 10 hours.

28. INDENT Nurses are expected to maintain adequate supply of equipments, supplies and the medicines in order to give quality service to patients. The nurses should ensure and control the right supply, at the right place and in the right quantity.

29. “An Indent is an official order or requisition for medicine and supplies from the medical stores.” The nurse acquires the equipment and supplies based on the need estimation, availability and the budget. As the equipment is received it should be inspected and stored as per the classification and according to the rate of consumption. Always ensure that there is a buffer stock. Preventive maintenance has to be carried out through service contacts. Proper cleaning and making repairs has to be done and the equipment stored safely

30. Ward Inventory An inventory is a detailed list of articles in the ward, their specifications, standard number or quality.

31. When we are speaking of inventory means it meant making a count of articles in hand. Purpose of maintaining inventory It insures the availability of the items. Provides chance to determine the condition of articles. Time to return the articles to their proper place. Inventory of some articles maintained daily, for other it should be done weekly, monthly is adequate.

32. Summary Principles of cleanliness. Explain the purpose for caring articles. Enlist the types of articles. Discuss the care of enamel ware. Demonstrate the care of rubber goods. Explain the care of stainless steel & sharp articles. Participate in care of glass ware. Perform the care of linen Outline the indent maintenance. Explain ward inventory

33. Question Answer ?

34. Bibliography Potter P A, Fundamentals of Nursing, 7 th Edition, Elsevier, 2009. Basavanthappa B T, Fundamentals of Nursing 2 nd Edition, Jaypee Brothers, 2009. Potter P A & Thresyamma Perry A G, Fundamentals of Nursing 6 th Edition, Mosby 2005. Nancy Sr , Stephanies Principles and Practice of Nursing 6 th Edition Vol 1 & 2, NR Brothers, 2008. Jogindra V, Nursing Foundation, 1 st Edition Jaypee Brothers, 2015. Nissanka Rebecca, Comprehensive textbook of Foundation of Nursing, Jaypee Brothers. Online Resources https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/mixing-chlorine-solutions.html https://books.google.co.in/books http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Glove_Use_Information_Leaflet.pdf

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