Types of Bridges

A brief description on classification of bridges based on various categories are presented.

1. Types of Bridges: An overview

2. Bridge Bridge is defined as a rigid structure that spans horizontally between the supports built with a view to provide a passage over an obstruction . The obstruction may be roadway, railway, river or valley . The classification of bridges based on various categories are briefly discussed in upcoming slides. 2

3. 3 07 B a sed on Navigation Facility 04 Based on Interspan relation 01 Based on Form of Superstructure 09 B a sed on Submergence conditionel 06 Based on Movement of Parts of Bridge 03 B a sed on Usage 08 Based on Position of Bridge Floor 05 Based on Service period 02 Based on Construction Materials Used 10 Based on Level of Crossing 12 Based on Bridge Alignment 11 Based on Bridge Span Types of Bridges

4. 4 Beam Bridge can be defined as a horizontal beam which is supported at both the ends. This type of bridge may be simply supported or continuous. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana 01 Based on Form of Superstructure

5. 5 Truss is a structure of connected elements to form triangular units. The bridge deck is supported by means of steel trusses. This type of bridge is economical, efficient and is most commonly used in railways.

6. 6 The arch is located below the deck slab. The load on the deck slab is transferred to the arch which in turn is transferred to the abutments (i.e., end supports). The abutment provided at each end of the arch prevents the bridge from spreading out.

7. 7 It is similar to arch bridge but arch is positioned above the bridge deck. The deck slab is supported by means of cables which are suspended from the arch.

8. 8 Deck slab is supported by means of cables which are attached to the suspenders, running on either side of the bridge and throughout the length of the bridge. The suspenders must be firmly anchored into the ground.

9. 9 It is similar to Suspension bridge but, the deck slab is supported by the cables which are connected to tall vertical towers called as pylons. The height of the pylon is much greater than that of towers in suspension bridges

10. Masonry Bridge Prestressed Concrete Bridge RCC Bridge Composite Bridge Wooden Bridge Steel Bridge Types of Bridges 10 02 Based on Construction Materials Used

11. 11 Examples WOODEN BRIDGE MASONRY BRIDGE RCC BRIDGE STEEL BRIDGE

12. 12 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE To enable humans to walk over the obstacles. PIPE BRIDGE Used to support pipelines for gas, oil, water, communication cables, etc., RAILWAY BRIDGE Used in railways for the movement of trains. ROAD CUM RAILWAY BRIDGE Used for both railway and road transport. HIGHWAY BRIDGE For the movement of road way traffic over an obstruction like rivers or canals. AQUEDUCT Structure used for transporting water Types of Bridges 03 B a sed on Usage

13. 13 Examples PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE RAILWAY BRIDGE HIGHWAY BRIDGE PIPE BRIDGE AQUEDUCT

14. Types of Bridges Continuous Bridge Simply Supported Bridge Cantilever Bridge Simply Supported Bridge is similar to a simply supported single span beam which has supports at its ends. Bridge which is continuous over more than one span (i.e. bridge spanning over more than two supports). It is similar to cantilever beam which is fixed on one end and the other end is free. 14 04 Based on Interspan relation

15. Examples Continuous Bridge Cantilever Bridge 15

16. Bridges Service Period Movement of Parts Temporary Permanent Fixed Movable Bridges which are constructed for use over a short period. The bridges that are constructed with a view to be used for longer duration. The Bridge which does not contain any movable parts. The Bridge which contains movable parts. 16 05 Based on Service Period 06 Based on Movement of Parts of Bridge

17. Types of Bridges This bridge can lift its deck upwards which is balanced by counterweights Bascule Bridge 02 The bridge deck moves up and down Lift Bridge 04 This bridge can rotate horizontally with respect to a vertical support Swing Bridge 01 This bridge moves over wheels or rollers and can be moved towards or away from the shore Traverser Bridge 03 17 07 B a sed on Navigation Facility

18. Examples Swing Bridge Bascule Bridge Lift Bridge 18

19. THROUGH BRIDGE The Bridge is constructed such that its floor is at the bottom of its superstructure. SEMI-THROUGH BRIDGE The Bridge is constructed such that its floor is provided in the intermediate level of its superstructure. DECK BRIDGE The Bridge is constructed such that its floor is provided at the top of superstructure. Types of Bridges 19 08 Based on Position of Bridge Floor

20. Examples Deck Bridge Through Bridge Semi-Through Bridge 20

21. Non-Submersible Bridge Submersible Bridge Types of Bridges The super structure of the bridge is well below the High Flood Level and so the bridge deck will be submerged in water during the period of high floods. The super structure of the bridge is above the High Flood Level and so the bridge deck will never be submerged in water even during the periods of heavy rain. 1 2 21 09 B a sed on Submergence condition

22. Examples Submersible Bridge Non-Submersible Bridge 22

23. Types of Bridges Over Bridge Underpass Bridge which is used to pass over another route which can be either a roadway or a railway track. Tunnel which is used to pass under another route. 23 10 Based on Level of Crossing

24. Examples Over Bridge Underpass 24

25. CULVERT BRIDGE Span of the bridge is lesser than 6m. MAJOR BRIDGE Types of Bridges MINOR BRIDGE LONG SPAN BRIDGE Span of the bridge is between 60m and 120m. Span of the bridge is between 6m and 60m. Span of the bridge is greater than 120m. 25 11 Based on Bridge Span

26. Skew Bridge Straight Bridge Types of Bridges The alignment of the bridge is not perpendicular to the centre line of the obstacle. The alignment of the bridge is perpendicular to the centre line of the obstacle (like roadway, railway track or river ). 26 12 Based on Bridge Alignment

27. Straight Bridge Skew Bridge Examples 27

28. Thank You… 28 For brief explanation on Classification of Bridges: https://www.civilunfold.com/ types_of_bridges /