TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCDG TO CONTEXT.pptx

identify the various types of speech context
demonstrate appropriate verbal and nonverbal behavior in a given speech context
define intercultural communication 
show sensitivity to one’s culture, gender, age, social status, and religion

1. Learning outcomes: identify the various types of speech context demonstrate appropriate verbal and nonverbal behavior in a given speech context define intercultural communication  show sensitivity to one’s culture, gender, age, social status, and religion Types of speech CONTEXT

2. Speech context - refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which communication occurs. 5 Classifications of communication according to context: intrapersonal communication interpersonal communication Extended communication Organizational communication Intercultural communication Types of speech CONTEXT

3. CATEGORIES OF COMMUNICATION Formal communication This occurs mostly in a workplace or in an organized environment. Uses an organization’s formal channels, such as letters, memorandums, or e-mails. This form of communication is also considered as more systematic, documented, and planned than informal communication. 2. Informal communication This occurs in non-organized situations. Everyday conversations, chatting, and spontaneous interactions are just some examples of informal communication. This form of communication is also considered more authentic & not systematic. Types of speech CONTEXT

4. introspective (adjective) - characterized by examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings self-esteem (noun) - a confidence and satisfaction in oneself 1 2 3 Vocabulary Words intrapersonal (adjective) - occurring within the individual mind or self Being introspective , she spends most of her time alone in the field, reflecting on various concepts about life. His self-esteem is so low because of the bullying he experienced way back in his elementary years. The child needs to develop his intrapersonal skills in order to develop into a more self-aware individual. Types of speech CONTEXT

5. discourse (noun) - verbal interchange of ideas The debater has mastered the skills of argumentative discourse . 4 5 Vocabulary Words self-affirmation (noun) - a positive assertion toward oneself Olivia has found that doing some self-affirmation in the morning boosts her mood and makes her feel a lot better. Types of speech CONTEXT

6. Intrapersonal communication simply means communicating with oneself. The individual involved in the process of communication is both the sender and the receiver. “The message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. The channel is your brain, which processes what you are thinking and feeling. There is feedback in the sense that as you talk to yourself, you discard certain ideas and replace them with others.” - (Hybels ; Weaver, 2012) Types of speech CONTEXT

7. Types of Intrapersonal Communication Internal discourse - inner talk, done within the mind - thinking, reflecting, analyzing, or evaluating Solo written communication - writing that is not intended for others - Journaling or writing in one’s diary Solo vocal communication - spoken aloud - Practicing for a speech, saying your anger aloud Types of speech CONTEXT

8. Why is it essential? You can get to know yourself better. You will be able to make appropriate responses and sound decisions in various situations. It affects how you see yourself and how you communicate with others. Types of speech CONTEXT

9. Types of communication accdg to context purposive (adjective) - having or tending to fulfill a conscious purpose or design The class needs to convince the teacher to conduct a poetry reading event for the subject, so they wrote a five-page purposive essay to make a point. 1 Vocabulary Words 3 interpersonal (adjective) - being, relating to, or involving relations between persons His interpersonal communication skills made him the crowd favorite during the annual event.

10. Interpersonal communication a transmission or exchange of a message, feelings, or a meaning through verbal or nonverbal cues necessitates an interdependent relationship between or among the participants may be direct or indirect Types of speech CONTEXT

11. 4 Kinds of Interpersonal Communication 1. Dyad 2. Small Group 3. Public 4. Mass Communication Types of speech CONTEXT

12. 4 Kinds of Interpersonal Communication 1. Dyad composed of two participants taking turns as speaker and listener in the communication process also known as one-to-one communication may be formal or informal e.g., conversing with a friend, speaking with a teacher, telling stories about your day to your mother Types of speech CONTEXT

13. 2. Small Group composed of three or more participants who engage in discussion to achieve a common goal like problem solving, performing a task or deciding on something Examples: roundtable discussions panel discussions group brainstorming sessions study groups Types of speech CONTEXT

14. Kinds of Interpersonal Communication 3. Public – refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group. The message can be driven by informational or persuasive purposes. In a public speaking situation, the group normally defers to the speaker. For example: - the boss speaks to everyone, and the sales team quietly listens without interruption. A channel in this context is more exaggerated, the voice is louder and the gestures are more expansive because the audience is bigger. The speaker might use additional visual channels such as slides or PowerPoint presentation. - You deliver a graduation speech to your batch. - You participate in a declamation, oratorical, or debate contest watched by a number of people. Types of speech CONTEXT

15. Kinds of Interpersonal Communication 4. Mass Communication – refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media. Example: You are a student journalist articulating your stand on current issues through the school’s newspaper. Types of speech CONTEXT

16. Extended communication Involves the use of electronic media Includes television, audio, phone conferencing, video conferencing, Skype, and other technological means Messages are transmitted quickly Your thinking, behavior, & attitude may be influenced by other people & you may be persuaded to take the views you hear. Types of speech CONTEXT

17. Organizational communication The focus is on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts. Organizations - comprise individuals who work for the company For an organization to be successful, a system of comm should be put in place. 2 Types of Organizational structure: Formal – comm flows thru designated channels Informal – comm comes from unofficial channels Types of speech CONTEXT

18. Types of communication accdg to context Categories of Organizational Communication Formal communication Allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between positions in the organization. 4 approaches of formal communication Downward communication – from upper to lower positions Upward communication – subordinates send message to their superiors Horizontal communication – takes place between equal levels but from different departments or units. Crosswise communication – communication between employees from different units working at various levels.

19. Types of communication accdg to context Categories of Organizational Communication Informal communication Comes from unofficial channels. Also known as “grapevine” This form of communication is also considered more personal and not systematic. - Ex. Everyday conversations, chatting, and spontaneous interactions

20. Types of communication accdg to context Culture - the customary beliefs, values, and attitudes of a racial, religious, or social group. (Dunn and Goodnight, 2003) 1 Vocabulary Words 3 social hierarchy (noun) - how a society groups people based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or social/political power.

21. Types of communication accdg to context INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION communication between individuals who have different cultures. Culture – system of knowledge that is shared by a particular group composed of a relatively large number of individuals. Cultural identity - made up of people’s common history, geographic location, language, social class, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, beliefs, values, & assumption. Through communication with others, culture is created, learned, and shared. What you think, how you think and learn, how you interpret & react to messages are affected by the social influences by your family, friends, & community.

22. Display of Respect Emotional Expression & Interaction Posture Tolerance of Ambiguity Relational Role Behavior Task Role Behavior Interaction Management Empathy Orientation of Knowledge 8 Basic Behaviors for Intercultural Competence

23. 8 Basic behaviors for Intercultural Competence Tolerance of Ambiguity Ambiguity - the quality of being open to more than one interpretation. 2. Emotional Expression & Interaction Posture - Recognize the unique social behavior. 3. Interaction Management Knowing how & when to talk appropriately & effectively. (style of conversation) 4. Task Role Behavior Consider cultural expectations. cultural expectations - strong beliefs about the proper way someone should behave or something should happen.

24. 8 Basic behaviors for Intercultural Competence 5. Relational Role Behavior - Maintain good relationship, cooperation, & unity in the midst of cultural differences. 6. Display of Respect - demonstrate awareness of different cultural rules & knowledge of acceptable norms or standards of behavior. 7. Orientation of Knowledge - Determine the context, which shapes the person’s thinking & behavior. 8. Empathy - Look at other people’s perspective & consider why they think the way they do.

25. 4 factors that affect intercultural communication 1. Gender 2. Age 3. Social Status : Elements of Social Class  Ascribed social class - determined at birth through characteristics such as age, sex, race, and family background Achieved social class - acquired through a person’s ability, talent, skill, and perseverance; can be seen in one’s educational attainment or occupation 4. Religion

26. BARRIERS TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION A. ETHNOCENTRISM Tendency for people to believe that their cultural norms are the right way of doing things. ex. Colonialism (British overtake of India) B. STEREOTYPES - Generalized ideas of people in a certain group. Mistaken idea or belief by many people about a thing or group based upon how they look outside, which may be untrue. C. INTERPRETATION OF TIME - Chronemics – the study of how cultures perceive time & its use.

27. BARRIERS TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION D. PERSONAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS Proxemics – the study of cultural space requirements. in all cultures, the distance between people functions as “personal space” E. BODY LANGUAGE - Basic gestures, eye contact, posture, & facial expressions carry different meanings throughout the world. F. TRANSLATION LIMITS Translations often lose the proper meaning of the original message. words in one language does not always have equivalent meanings in other languages, and the concepts the words describe are different.