TYPES OF COUNSELLING (SUDHA 4.8.2024).pptx

This is a presentation of 3 topics of individual counselling

1. TYPES OF COUNSELLING SUDHASHINI THIRICHELVAM UWU/CODL/ DipC /02/04 DIPLOMA IN COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT UVA WELLASSA UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA 1. MILITARY COUNSELLING 2. GRIEF COUNSELLING 3. ADDICTION COUNSELLING

2. MILITARY COUNSELLING Military counselling is a specialized form of mental health care designed to address the unique psychological and emotional challenges faced by active duty service members, veterans, and their families. It provides a safe and confidential space for individuals to process their experiences, develop coping mechanisms, and build resilience. Military counsellors possess a deep understanding of the military lifestyle, including deployment cycles, operational stress and hierarchical structure.

3. IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY COUNSELLING Improving mental health outcomes for service members and their families. Reducing the impact of operational stress and trauma. Enhancing overall well-being and resilience. Facilitating successful transitions to civilian life. Preventing suicide and substance abuse. By providing specialized support and care, military counselling helps servise members overcome challenges, build resilience, and lead fulfilling lives.

4. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MILITARY COUNSELLING UNDERSTANDING OF MILITARY CULTURE: Counsellors possess a deep understanding of the military lifestyle, including deployment cycles, operational stress, and the hierarchical structure. FOCUS ON SPECIFIC ISSUES: Addressing challenges such as combat exposure, PTSD, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, and transition to civilian life. SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES: Utilizing therapeutic approaches tailored to the military population, like CBT, exposure therapy, and EMDR. COLLABORATION: Working with other military and civilian professionals to provide comprehensive care..

5. SPECIFIC ISSUES ADDRESSED IN MILITARY COUNSELLING Military counselling addresses a wide range of challenges unique to the military experience. These issues often stem from the high-stress environment, exposure to traumatic events, and the demands of military life. Such issues are: OPERATIONAL STRESSORS MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS RELATIONSHIP ISSUES TRANSITION CHALLENGES

6. Con… 1. OPERATIONAL STRESSORS COMBAT EXPOSURE: Direct or indirect exposure to violence and death. DEPLOYMENT-RELATED STRESS: Separation from family, uncertainty, and p hysical hardships. LOSS OF COMRADES: Death and mourning the death of fellow service members. PHYSICAL INJURIES: Dealing with the physical and psychological impact of injuries. 2. MENTAL HEALTH CONCERN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: Flashbacks, nightmares, and difficulty adjusting to civilian life. DEPRESSION: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. ANXIETY: Excessive worry, fear, and physical symptoms like restlessness. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: Use of alcohol or drugs to cope with stress.

7. Con… 3. RELATIONSHIP ISSUES MARITAL/PARTNER DIFFICULTIES: Strain on relationships due to deployment, stress, and trauma. FAMILY PROBLEMS: Challenges in balancing military life with family responsibilities. SOCIAL ISOLATION: Difficulty connecting with others and feeling disconnected from civilian life. 4. TRANSITION CHALLENGES REINTEGRATION INTO CIVILIAN LIFE: Adjusting to a new lifestyle and finding employment. JOB SEARCH: Difficulty finding suitable employment after military service. EDUCATION: Pursuing higher education to transition to a new career.

8. TECHNIQUES USED IN MILITARY COUNSELLING COGNITIVE BAHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT): This technique focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. It’s particularly effective for managing anxiety, depression, and PTSD. EXPOSURE THERAPY: Gradually exposing individuals to feared situations or memories can help reduce anxiety and fear responses associated with trauma. EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REOROCESSING (EMDR): This therapy helps process traumatic memories by stimulating the brain through bilateral simulation (eye movements, tapping, or auditory tones).

9. GRIEF COUNSELLING Grief counseling is a form of psychotherapy designed to help individuals cope with the emotional and psychological pain associated with loss. This loss can be the death of a loved one, but it can also include the end of a relationship, job loss, or other significant life changes. The basic goal of a grief counselling is to provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to process their emotion, develop coping strategies, and finding meaning in their loss. It helps individuals understand the normal grieving process, address any complications, and ultimately rebuild their lives.

10. KEY ASPECTS OF GRIEF COUNSELLING ACTIVE LISTENING: Creating a space for individuals to express their feelings without judgment. EMPATHY: Understanding and sharing the feelings of others. VALIDATION: Acknowledging the individual’s experience and emotions. EDUCATION: Providing information about the grieving process and coping strategies. SKILL DEVELOPMENT: Helping individuals build resilience and coping mechanisms. SUPPORT: Connecting individuals with support groups or resources. By offering guidance and support, grief counselling empowers individuals to heal and find a new sense of purpose and meaning in their life.

11. SPECIFIC ISSUES ADDRESSED IN GRIEF COUNSELLING Grief counselling addresses a wide range of emotional and psychological challenges related to loss. Such issues are: EMOTIONAL RESPONSES BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES RELATIONSHIP CHALLENGES SPIRITUAL AND EXISTENTIAL CONCERNS

12. Con… 1. EMOTIONAL RESPONSES OVERWHELMING SADNESS: Feeling deep sorrow and despair. ANGER: Experiencing feelings of rage or resentment. GUILT: Blaming oneself for the loss or feeling responsible. SHAME : Feeling embarrassed or ashamed of one’s grief reaction. ANXIETY: Experiencing excessive worry or fear. 2. BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES WITHDRAWAL: Isolating oneself from others. DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING: Struggling with focus and memory. CHANGES IN APPETITE AND SLEEP PATTERNS: Eating too much or too little, difficulty sleeping. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS: Headaches, stomachaches, or other physical complaints.

13. Con… 3. RELATIONSHIP CHANGES STRAINED RELATIONSHIPS: Difficulty maintaining relationships with loved ones. CONFLICT WITHIN FAMILY OR SOCIAL GROUPS: Disagreements about how to grieve or handle the loss. LONELINESS: Feeling isolated and disconnected from others. 4. SIPITUAL AND EXISTENTIAL CONCERNS QUESTIONING BELEFS ABOUT LIFE AND DEATH: Struggling with faith or spirituality. SEARCHING FOR MEANING: Trying to understand the reason for the loss. FEELING DISCONNECTED FROM A HIGHER POWER: Experiencing a loss of faith or spiritual connection.

14. TECHNIQUES USED IN GRIEF COUNSELLING TALK THERAPY: this includes active listening, empathy, validation to create safe space for individuals to open up their feeling, understanding their emotions. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT): this helps to identify negative thought patterns and developing coping mechanism to manage overwhelming emotions MINDFULNESS AND RELAXATION TECHNIQUES: such as meditation, body scan, mindfulness-based stress reduction help to reduce anxiety, stress and focus on physical sensations to ground oneself. SUPPORT GROUPS: connecting with others who have experienced loss, sharing experiences and offering mutual support and building a sense of community. RITUALS AND CEREMONIES: creating meaningful ways to honor the deceased and providing closure and a sense of peace.

15. ADDICTION COUNSELLING Addiction counselling is a form of psychotherapy that helps individuals overcome substance abuse or behavioral addictions. It involves a therapeutic relationship between a counselor and the individual, focusing on understanding the addiction, developing coping mechanisms, and building a life in recovery. Essentially, it provides support, guidance, and tools to help individuals break free from the cycle of addiction and achieve lasting sobriety. Addiction counselling often involves a combination of individual, group, and family therapy sessions.

16. KEY COMPONENTS OF ADDICTION COUNSELLING ASSESSMENT: Evaluating the extent of the addiction, identifying underlying causes and developing a personalized treatment plan. EDUCATION: Providing information about addiction, its effects and available treatment options. MOTIVATION: Helping individuals understand the benefits of recovery and building their motivation to change. SKILL DEVELOPMENT: Teaching coping strategies, relapse prevention techniques and healthy lifestyle habits. SUPPORT: Offering emotional support and encouragement throughout the recovery process.

17. SPECIFIC ISSUES ADDRESSED IN ADDICTION COUNSELLING Addiction counselling addresses a wide range of issues that contribute to and are exacerbated by substance abuse or behavioral addictions. Such issues are: CORE ADDICTION ISSUES UNDERLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES SOCIAL AND RELATIONSHIP ISSUES LIFE SKILLS AND RECOVERY PLANNING

18. Con… 1. CORE ADDICTION ISSUES SUBSTANCE ABUSE: Overcoming dependence on alcohol, drugs, or other substances. BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTION: Managing compulsive behaviors like gambling, sex addiction, o r internet addiction. CRAVINGS AND TRIGGERS: Identifying and coping with urges to use substances or engage in addictive behavior. RELAPSE PREVENTION: Developing strategies to avoid returning to addiction. 2. UNDERLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: Addressing mental health conditions that often co-occur with addiction. LOW SELF-ESTEEM: Building self-confidence and self-worth. TRAUMA: Processing and healing from past traumatic experiences. COPING MECHANISMS: Developing healthy ways to manage stress and emotions.

19. Con… 3. SOCIAL AND RELATIONSHIP ISSUES FAMILY DYSFUNCTION: Repairing damaged relationships with family members. LEGAL PROBLEMS: Addressing legal consequences od addiction. FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES: Developing a plan to manage finances. ISOLATION AND LONELINESS: Building social connections and support networks. 4. LIFE SKILLS AND RECOVERY PLANNING JOB SEARCH AND EMPLOYEMENT: Developing job skills and finding employment. EDUCATION: Pursuing educational; goals. HEALTHY LIFESTYLES: Incorporating routines. LIFE SKILLS: Developing independence and self-sufficiency.

20. TECHNIQUES USED IN ADDICTION COUNSELLING COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT): This focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behavior related to addiction. MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWS: This helps individuals increase their motivation to change by exploring their reason for wanting to recover. 12 - STEP FACILITATION: This approach incorporates the principles of 12-step programs into therapy sessions. FAMILY THERAPY: Addresses the impact of addiction on family relationships and involves family members in the treatment processes. RELAPSE PREVENTION THERAPY: Helps individuals identify triggers and develop strategies to prevent relapses. MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION / YOGA AND MEDITATION: Teaches individuals to be present and manage stress; promotes relaxation and overall well-being.

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