types of infection.pdf

Types of infection

1. TYPES OF INFECTION
LOCAL INFECTION
• Localized infection actually means infections limited to one part of the body, as
opposed to generalized infection, which takes place across the body.
• If you stepped on a nail, and the puncture got infected,that would be localized
infection.
• Abscesses and urinary bladder infections are examples of local infections.
SYMPTOMS : pain, redness, Heat at site, swelling, pus ,foul smell discharge.
SYSTEMATIC INFECTION
• Systemic means affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part.
• For example, systemic disorders, such as high blood pressure, or systemic diseases,
such as the flu, affect the entire body.
• An infection that is in the bloodstream is called a systemic infection.
SYMPTOMS : fever, aches, chills, nausea, vomiting, weakness .

ENDOGENOUS INFECTION
Endogenous Infections | endo- "within"; -genous "born from"
• In the case of endogenous infections, we become infected with our own bacteria,
our own microflora. This might happen if a barrier between sterile and non-sterile
tissues is broken, such as with a bowel perforation.
• A patient with a compromised immune system, such as after chemotherapy, may
become sick from a bacteria already present in their body that grows unchecked.
• EXAMPLES : One example of an endogenous infection is bacterial vaginosis.
Iatrogenic infections may be introduced into the reproductive tract by medical
procedures.
EXOGENOUS INFECTION
Exogenous Infections | exo- "outside"; -genous "born from"
• Exogenous infections, in contrast, involve a pathogen entering a patient's body from
their environment.
• These pathogens can be introduced through a contaminated device, healthcare
worker, surface, or other vector.
• Patients with open incisions, indwelling devices, and compromised immune systems
are especially at risk for exogenous infections.

2. • EXAMPLES : A significant amount of prominent diseases are induced by
exogenous bacteria such as gonorrhea, meningitis, tetanus, and syphilis.
NOSOCOMICAL INFECTION
• A nosocomial infection is an infection you get while you’re in the hospital for
another reason.
• It's also called a hospital-acquired infection or a health-care associated infection.
• Patients and healthcare professionals bring germs inside hospitals and pass them
to each other.
• EXAMPLES : urinary tract infection, bacterial infection by Staphylococcus aureus
OPPOURTUNISTIC INFECTION
• Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur
more often or are more severe in people with weakened
immune systems than in people with healthy immune
systems.
• People with weakened immune systems include people
living with HIV.
• OIs are caused by a variety of germs (viruses, bacteria,
fungi, and parasites).
• EXAMPLES: One of the best studied bacterial opportunistic pathogens
is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.