Types of Morphemes

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1. Prof.R.R.Borse, Assst.Prof. & HOD, Eng.Dept.,B.P.Arts,S.M.A.Sci.,K.K.C.Comm.College,Chalisgaon Dist.Jalgaon [email protected] Types of morphemes

2. 1} Free Morpheme/Base A free morpheme is a morpheme which stands by itself as a single word . A free morpheme has an independent meaning .It means the root word or base word . Free morphemes has two sub types. 1.Lexical free morpheme 2.Grammatical free morpheme

3. 1] lexical free morphemes Lexical free morphemes means a word like Noun , Adjective, Verb and Adverb. Examples. Rushikesh. Angry. Play. Slow.

4. 2] Grammatical free morphemes A Grammatical free morpheme it the word like Articles ( A, An , The , ) Preposition , Pronoun , Conjunction , Demonstrative , (This , That , There , Those) Example : Identify the free morphemes in the sentences. 1. Silas is a hero in the novel Silas Marner . L L G L G G L L L 2. America is a big country . L L G L L

5. 2} Bound morphemes A bound morpheme is a morpheme which normally can not stand by itself . It has no independent meaning a bound morpheme attached or joined to a free morpheme. A bound morpheme is also called an Affix. Example: 1. Download ing – This word has two morphemes download and ing . The first morpheme download is free morpheme and second morpheme ing is bound morpheme.

6. * There are three types of bound morphemes 1.Prefix- A prefix is added to the beginning of a free morpheme. There many prefixes in English. Pre paid, Dis connected, Un happy, Ab normal, Im possible, Mis fortune, In correct. 2.Infix- An infix is joined in the middle of a free morphemes. Some times the spelling and the sound in free morphemes can be changed because of an infix. M a n=M e n , Wom a n=Wom e n , F oo t=F ee t

7. 3.Suffix – A suffix is joined at the end of a free morpheme. Beauti ful = Beauty is free morpheme and ful is bound morpheme or suffix . * A suffix has two types : 1. Inflectional Suffix : 2. Derivational Suffix:

8. 1} Inflectional Suffix : An inflectional suffix does not change the grammatical class or grammatical category of a free morphemes.[Grammatical category Noun , Verb , Adjective , Adverb] Example: Boys- This word has two morphemes . The first morpheme boy has the grammatical categories is noun . If the bound morpheme S is added ,We get a new word boys is also a noun. So S is an inflectional suffix. The inflectional suffix is also called class maintaining suffix .

9. Seven Types of Suffix 1.Present tense/Plural suffix- s/ es Girl + s = Girls (n) (n) 2.Past tense – e/ ed Play + ed = played (v) (v) 3.Progressive suffix – ing Meet + ing = meeting (v) (v) 4.Perfective suffix – n / en Take + n = taken (v) (v)

10. 5.Genitive / Possessive suffix – ‘s Father + s = Father’s 6.Comparative Degree suffix – r/ er Tall + er = Taller 7.Superlative Degree Suffix – st / est Long + est = Longest

11. 2} Derivational Suffix A derivational suffix is used to create a new word from a free morpheme . This type of suffix changes the grammatical category of a word. So it is also called a class changing suffix . Ex. Manage ment = This word has two morphemes. The first morphemes is Manage and it is a verb . If the bound morpheme ment is added , We get a new word – Management it is noun . So a verb is change into a noun .

12. Zero suffix / morphemes There are few words in English which have the same plural and singular form . The plural morphemes present but it has no phonetic shape . Its phonetic shape is zero so such a morpheme or suffix is also called zero suffix. Ex:- 1.Cattle = There is a cattle . There are some cattle . 2.Deer = I like a deer . There are many deer .