types of personality as per by Abhi.pptx

Brief description on personality

1. PERSONALITY AND IT’S DISORDERS

2. PERSONALITY The term Personality refers to those enduring qualities of an individual that are shown in their ways of behaving in a wide variety of circumstances. We use it to distinguish between people. Personality differs from mental disorder. The behaviours that define it have been present throughout adult life, The behaviours that define mental disorder differ from the person’s previous behaviour.

3. THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY Different personality- predisposition to different Psychiatric disorders. ‘ Pathoplastic ’ factors Influence how patient approaches to treatment. Dictate different strategies for establishing and maintaining a successful therapeutic relationship.

4. ORIGINS OF PERSONALITY FREUDIAN THEORY NEO-FREUDIAN THEORY

5. Neo-Freudians The term "neo-Freudian" refers to those early followers of Freud who at some point accepted the basic tenets of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis but later dissented from it.

6. THINKING OF NEOFREUDIANS They place great emphasis on The reaction of the individual to his current environment Anxiety Emphasis on childhood developmental period There is less emphasis on sexuality and the analysis of infantile sexual experiences ”

7. Neo-Freudians Carl Jung Harald Schultz- Hencke Erik Erikson Karen Horney Erich Fromm Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Harry Stack Sullivan Clara Thompson Abram Kardiner Alfred Adler

8. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory Topographical Model Structural Model Instincts and Anxieties Psychosexual Human Development Assumptions on Human Nature 8

9. TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL

10. TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL

11. Examples Of The Id, Ego, And Superego Skipping a workout: The id : I want to skip my workout because I feel lazy and just want to relax. The superego : I shouldn’t skip the workout because it’s essential for my health and discipline. The ego : I can do a shorter workout today and make up for it with a longer session tomorrow. Buying an expensive item: The id : I want this luxury bag now because it’s stylish and will make me feel good. The superego : I shouldn’t spend so much on a bag when I could save or use that money for more essential things. The ego : I’ll save a portion of my salary for a few months, and if I still want it, I’ll buy the bag as a reward.

12. Karen Horney Biography Childhood + Need for Safety Basic Anxiety Neurotic Needs + Trends The Self Image Feminism 16 “I do not want to found a new school but to build on the foundations Freud has laid ” Theories of personality Lindzey and Hall 4 th edition pg 147

13. THE CONCEPT OF ABNORMAL PERSONALITY Some personalities are obviously abnormal— for example,paranoid personalities characterized by extreme suspiciousness , sensitivity, and mistrust. However, It is impossible to draw a sharp dividing line between normal and abnormal personalities. Abnormal personalities are in practice recognized because of the pattern of their characteristics, B ut our current classification demand that we identify criteria for inclusion. However, precisely which criteria should be used to make this distinction remain controversial.

14. THE CONCEPT OF ABNORMAL PERSONALITY There have been two criterion to use statistical criterion , abnormal personalities are quantitative variations from the normal,and the dividing line is decided by a cut- off score on an appropriate measure. This approach is attractive, as it parallels that used successfully when defining abnormalities of intelligence, it appears non- judgemental , and it has obvious value in research. However, its usefulness in clinical practice is uncertain

15. THE CONCEPT OF ABNORMAL PERSONALITY social criterion , abnormal personalities are those that cause the individual to suffer, or to cause suffering to other people. For example, an abnormally sensitive and gloomy personality causes suffering for the individual who has it, and an emotionally cold and aggressive personality causes suffering for others. These criteria are subjective and lack the precision of the first approach, but they serve the needs of clinical practice better and they have been widely adopted.

16. TYPES OF PERSONALITY As per HIPPOCRATES Based on specific body fluids- Choleric , Melancholic, Phlegmatic and Sanguine.

17. PERSONALITY DISORDERS The ‘personal distress’ referred to in ICD- 9 may sometimes only become apparent late in life (e.g. when a longstanding supportive relationship is lost). There are usually, although not always, significant problems in occupational and social performance. It is important to recognize that people with abnormal personalities generally also have favourable traits, which the clinician should always assess. For example, those with obsessional traits are often dependable and trustworthy. Management plans that play to an individual’s strengths are more likely to be helpful for them.

18. PERSONALITY DISORDERS Grouping into clusters In DSM- 5, but not in ICD- 10, personality disorders are grouped into three ‘clusters’: 1. Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal. 2. Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic. 3. Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive–compulsive .

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