TYPES OF SOIL SAMPLE AND SAMPLERS .

THIS TOPIC IS RELATED TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING .

1. (GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2 ) TYPES OF SOIL SAMPLE AND SAMPLERS, PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN OF SAMPLERS , COLLECTION AND SHIPMENT OF SAMPLES , BORING AND SAMPLING RECORD. PRESENTED BY PRAJAKTA LADE

2. Soil samples and samplers Principle of design of samplers Collection and shiftment of sample Boring and sampling record CONTENT

3. . Soil samples can be of two types: ( i) Disturbed samples . (ii) Undisturbed samples SOIL SAMPLES

4. A disturbed sample is a sample in which the natural structure of soil gets partly or fully modified and destroyed . However , by taking proper precautions , the natural water content in soil sample can be preserved . The composition and the mineral content of the soil is represented by the samples Index proprties of the soil can be determined from disturbed samples ex. Grain size, plasticity, characteristics of specific gravity .   DISTURB SOIL SAMPLE

5. An undisturbed sample is a sample which the natural structure and properties remain preserved And the water content are retained . It is impossible to get the truly undisturb sample The sample disturbance depends on the design of samplers and the method of sampling . These samples are used for determining engineering properties of soil such as shear strength, compressibility , shrinkage limit and permeability UNDISTURB SOIL SAMPLE

6. DISTURB SAMPLE UNDISTURB SAMPLE

7.   There are four types of samplers   SPLIT- SPOON SAMPLER   SCRAPER BUCKET SAMPLER   SHELBY TUBES AND THIN WALLED SAMPLERS PISTON SAMPLER TYPE OF SOIL SAMPLERS

8. It is commanly used for obtaining a disturb samples of the soil. The split spoon sampler consist of three types 1. Tool – steel made driving shoe about 75mm in length . 2. 450mm long steel tube, split longitudally in two halves . 3. 150mm long coupling at the top of the tube .   The steel tube in the middle has inside and out side diameters of 34.9mm and 50.8mm, respectively.   When the bore hole is advanced to a desired depth, the drilling tools are removed. The split-spoon sampler is attached to the drilling rod and then lowered to the bottom of the bore hole by repeated blows of hammerr and then withdrawn .   The split spoon is seperate after removing the shoe and the coupling and the sample is taken out . sample is then placed in container , sealed and transported to the labortary . SPLIT SPOON SAMPLER

9. S PLIT SPOON SAMPLER

10. Piston sampler consist of two parts Sampler cylinder Piston cylinder The piston first tight in the sampler cylinder . Good quality undisturbed samples of soft and sensitive clay are obtained from piston samplers which use thin-walled sampling tubes with a piston inside . While the tube is being lowered to the bottom of the drill hole, the piston rods and piston are held at the bottom by different type of samplers . The presence of the piston prevent rapid squeezing of the soft soil into the tube and reduces the disturbance of the sample PISTON SAMPLER

11. PISTON SAMPLER

12. When soil deposits are sand mixed with pebbles, obtaining samples by split spoon with a spring core catcher may not be possible because the pebbles may prevent the springs from closing.   In such cases, a scraper bucket may be used to obtain disturbed representative sampleS   The scraper bucket has a driving point and can be attached to a drilling rod.   The sampler is driven down into the soil and rotated, and the scraping from the side falls into the bucket. SCRAPER BUCKET SAMPLER

13. SCRAPER BUCKET SAMPLER

14. The stelby tubes are thin walled tube samplers having outside diameter of the tube is 40 mm to 125 mm whose sampler having diameter 50.8 mm or 76.2 mm are commanly used. The bottom of the tube acts as a cutting edge .   The sampler tube is attached to drilling rod and lowered to the bottom of the drilled bore hole and tube is pushed into the soil by rapid motion without impact or twisting .   After atleast 5 minutes the tube is turned twice through 360 degree to shear the sample off at the bottom before The sampler is taken out.   It Is used for obtaining undisturbed sample of clay and it is also used for exploration in cohessionless soils below water table.   SHELBY TUBE AND THIN WALL SAMPLERS.

15. SHELBY TUBE SAMPLER

16. New Construction „ Evaluate soils, subsoils , other elements in the soil profile prior to construction „ 2. May provide direction for design and construction. „ Existing Fi elds „1. Diagnose soil problems in existing fields AIM OF COLLECTION AND SHIFTMENT OF SAMPLE

17. „ Impenetrable layers „ Bedrock? „ Depth to ground water „ Will subsurface subsurface drain system be needed ? „ Soil types presen Can it be reuse, modifIed , or all imported ? „ Permeability to water INFORMATION WE GET DUE TO COLLECTION OF SAMPLE

18. 1. Name and address of the drilling company 2. Driller’s name 3. Job description and number 4. Number, type, and location of boring 5. Date of boring 6. Subsurface stratification, which can he obtained by visual observation of the soil brought out by auger, split-spoon sampler, and thin-walled Shelby tube sampler 7. Elevation of water table and date observed, use of casing and mud losses, and so on 8. Standard penetration resistance and the depth of SPT 9. Number, type, and depth of soil sample collected 10. In case of rock coring, type of core barrel used and, for each run, the actual length of coring, length of core recovery, and ROD Preparation of Boring Logs

19. BORING LOG

20. THANK YOU