TYPES OF SOLIDS859758798369856286498.pptx

THIS TALKS ABOUT TYPES OF SOLID

1. TYPES OF SOLIDS

2. LEARNING TARGETS Here you could describe the topic of the section Here you could describe the topic of the section 03 Describe the difference in structure of crystalline and amorphous solids. Identify the types of crystalline solids (ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular ).

3. REVIEW

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6. AC TION MO TION OP TION + + AC TION MO TION OP TION

7. DEFINITE VOLUME DEFINITE SHAPE STRONG IMF NOT COMPRESSED DON’T FILL THE CONTAINER

8. TYPES OF SOLIDS CRYSTALLINE AMORPHOUS 1. Regular arrangement of particles. 1. Irregular arrangement of particles. 2 . Long order arrangement of particles. 2 . Short order arrangement of particles.

9. TYPES OF SOLIDS 3. They are called True solids . 3. Pseudo solids / Super cooled liquids True properties - Regular arrangement - Long order - Sharp melting points Fake properties - No regular arrangement - No long order Ability to FLOW over time if Temperature changes Super Cooled Liquid

10. TYPES OF SOLIDS 4. Anisotropic in nature 4. Isotropic in nature SPEED OF LIGHT DIFFERENT SPEED OF LIGHT SAME

11. TYPES OF SOLIDS Pyrite Fluorite Amethyst Charcoal Rubber band Plastic lunch box

12. FOUR TYPES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID METALLIC CRYSTAL IONIC CRYSTAL MOLECULAR CRYSTAL COVALENT NETWORK CRYSTAL

13. METALLIC CRYSTALS  are the simplest type in which their structures made entirely of  metal elements . The atoms in these structures are bonded through  metallic bonding  – this is a type of bonding in which an  electrostatic force  between a cloud of delocalized electrons is attracted to the positively-charged metal atoms.

14. METALLIC CRYSTALS Observed Property Inference about the Structure Dense - Atoms are packed close together High melting point - Strong attractive forces hold the atoms in the crystal Good electrical conductor - Charged particles move through the crystal Good heat conductor - Particles can move through the crystal Malleable and ductile - When the crystal is deformed or stress is applied, the attractive forces are not broken Lustrous - Light is easily absorbed and emitted back

15. IONIC CRYSTALS These crystals have ions as constituent particles meaning they are made of ions (cations and anions). These ions form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together. Ionic crystals  are crystal structures in which the atoms are held together through  ionic bonds .

16. IONIC CRYSTALS These crystals have ions as constituent particles meaning they are made of ions (cations and anions). These ions form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together. Ionic crystals  are crystal structures in which the atoms are held together through  ionic bonds .

17. IONIC CRYSTALS The image below shows a good example of an ionic crystal: common table salt (also known as  NaCl ). Here you can easily see the ions with opposite charges in the lattice structure.

18. IONIC CRYSTALS Observed Property Inference about the Structure Hard - Strong attractive forces hold the crystal together High melting point - Strong attractive forces have to be broken to melt the crystal Poor electrical conductor - No charged particles move through the in the solid state crystal Good electrical conductor - Mobile charged particles are present in in the molten state the molten state Brittle - Deformation or shift of particles cause attractive forces to be broken

19. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS are structures in which the atoms are bonded through  weak intermolecular forces . If the structure is formed of  nonpolar crystals , then the forces will be  dispersion  forces. If the structure is formed of  polar crystals , then the forces with be  dipole-dipole . In structures, such as  ice , the forces will be  hydrogen bonds .

20. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS Molecular crystals are made of atoms, such as in noble gases, or molecules, such as in sugar (C12H22O11), iodine (I2), and naphthalene ( C10H8).

21. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS Observed Property Inference about the Structure Soft - Weak attractive forces hold the crystal together Low melting point - Weak attractive forces are broken when crystals melt Poor electrical conductor - No charged particles move in the solid and molten through the crystal state Poor heat conductor - No particles can move easily throughout the crystal Brittle - Deformation or shift of particles cause attractive forces to be broken

22. COVALENT NEWORK CRYSTALS are solids where atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds , forming a continuous network throughout the crystal. These bonds, formed by shared electron pairs, result in high hardness, high melting points, and low electrical conductivity. Examples include diamond, silicon, and silicon carbide.  Diamonds are an example of a covalent network solid in which atoms are covalently bonded with each other

23. COVALENT NEWORK CRYSTALS Observed Property Inference about the Structure Hard - Strong attractive forces hold the crystal together. Very high melting point - Strong attractive forces have to be broken in order to melt crystals. Poor electrical conductor in - No charged particles move the solid and molten states through the crystal. Poor heat conductor - No particles can move easily throughout the crystal. Brittle - Deformation or shift of particles cause attractive forces to be broken.

24. Complete the table. Types of Solid Crystals Type of Interaction/s Melting point ( High or Low ) Electrical / Heat Conductor (Good or Poor) Ionic crystalline Molecular crystalline Metallic crystalline Covalent crystalline

25. Thank You!