TYPES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS

IT INCLUDES THE PROPER DESCRIPTION AND TYPES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS . I HAVE DISCUSSED ABOUT HISTORY OF TECHNICAL REPORTS AND BASICS OF TECHNICAL REPORTS ARE ALSO MENTIONED . MOREOVER THE OVERVIEW OF ALL TYPES ,STRUCTURE OF A TECHNICAL REPORT AND CHECKLIST FOR A REPORT ARE ALSO INCLUDED

1. Subtitle Title Layout

2. Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Title and Content Layout with List Sidra Khan 2014-EE-474 Amber Rasheed 2014-EE-406 Farwa Jafar 2014-EE-408 Syeda Farwa Fatima 2014-EE438 2

3. 3 Types of Technical R eports

4. 4 Features of my Presentations

5. 5 “ All you have to do is write one true sentence. Write the truest sentence that you know.” ― Ernest Hemingway

6. 6 A technical report is a formal report designed to convey technical information. Technical Report

7. 7 Technical reports first appeared in the early part of the 20th century; The U.S. Geological Survey published a series of Professional papers beginning in 1902 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) issued its first technical report in 1915 Technical report seems to be the preferred designation. Background of Technical Report

8. 8 Majority of engineering tasks include the writing of technical reports Objectives help students to present the reports in a professional format. prepare students for the writing of technical reports and papers in engineering practice. How to produce High quality technical report an important skill regardless of the means of communication Brief Introduction to Technical Reports

9. 9 Why write reports? How to write reports in a fashion acceptable to a journal in your field? The main purpose of a technical report is fact findings and prepares the base for making decision. Purpose of Technical R eport

10. 10 ask yourself the following questions Who are your readers How is the technical report organized Where are technical reports written who are your stake holders Why is the report written Before you write………………

11. “Nuts” and “Bolts” of the report 11

12. 12 Different types of reports

13. 13 Structural report

14. 14 Structural Reports are often referred to as “Engineers Reports” or “Structural Engineers Reports” or “Structural Survey”. Structural report will specify which items were inspected and the observations and conclusions found during the inspection . It will state whether or not there is a structural concern and if so, what needs to be done to rectify the problem or what further investigations may be necessary . What is Structural Report

15. 15 Types of Structural Report

16. 16 primary planning document for decision-making about mapping and construction treatments Documentation to help establish significant dates or periods of construction basis for design of recommended work summary of information known and conditions observed at the time of the survey s tructural r eport facilitates

17. 17 t itle of the structural report n ame of submitting engineer n ame of department n ame of receiving commitee t itle page of a structural report

18. 18 Sample title Page of a Structural Report Title of the report Department + author name date of submission Submitted to

19. 19 Road map of Structural Report

20. 20 Sample road map of a structural report

21. 21 Structural information

22. 22 s ample structural information of a structural report Full Structural Survey structural issues Resolving issues

23. 23 thorough overview of the existing conditions of the structural system detailed descriptions of the components that contribute to the strength of the structure Challenges surrounding the project Executive Summary

24. 24 Executive summary of structural report existing conditions Strengthen components Challenges

25. 25 Structural Plans

26. 26 Key Plans plans  showing primary architectural elements of each building. They graphically represent walls, doors, windows, room numbers, and other features. wall door Room number

27. 27 surroundings

28. 28 Site plan Travel ways garden elements building footprint Water pool

29. 29 Body of the report

30. 30 assessment of structural problem concentrated in a specific area of the property. parts of the property not related to the specific problem may not be inspected or mentioned in the written report. Structural Problems

31. 31 Recommendations should be focused on decisions or actions to be taken (or not taken) as a result of the analysis Department’s response will focus on the recommendations. Recommendations and Department Response

32. 32 represent the need for more urgent action Priority Recommendations Urgently needed

33. 33 Department Response

34. 34 represent the need for lateral action Other recommendations n eed to be considered

35. 35 Department Response

36. 36 Conclusions

37. 37 Conclusion The property was generally found to be in a condition commensurate with a property of its age . Many of the defects noted are issues of general fabric repairs and not significant structural defects. From a structural aspect there are however areas of concern: The condition of the floor in the kitchen. The deflections in the main bedroom ceiling joists. The structural tie of the walls at wall plate level, in localized areas. The water tank supports. The cracking in the garden wall which abuts the main dwelling. The condition of the garage roof surface coverings. The bow in the garage wall below dpc level. The cracking in the garage pier and the condition of steel bearings. Conclusion of general structural survey report Main outcome Relation to theory + main ideas

38. feasibility report

39. What is a Feasibility Report?

40. The feasibility report answers the question "Should we implement Plan X? Not only does it give a recommendation, it also provides the data and the reasoning behind that recommendation. Purpose of feasibility report

41. Structural fundamental principle The structural fundamental principle to this type of report is: you provide not only your recommendation, choice, or judgment, but also the data and the conclusions leading up to it.

42. Important Features of a Basic Feasibility Report Below are the seven elements of a feasibility report: Introduction Criteria/Constraints Methods of obtaining facts Overview of Alternative Options Evaluation Conclusions Recommendations

43. Introduction The introductory part of the report of the report should: Provide the reason why you conducted this study. provide background information. identify the alternatives you investigated. persuade readers to use this study as a valid document.

44. Example of introduction section

45. Example of introduction section

46. Criteria/constraints This part should identify the standards by which the action or alternatives were evaluated ? It is also very important to map out the constraints of your suggested solutions . Sources of criteria

47. Example of criteria section

48. This part of your paper demonstrates to the reader what you discovered through your research, actually matters and has reliability. With strong methods for finding out your facts, your readers will then feel comfortable and confident to make the necessary changes. Methods of obtaining facts

49. Example of Methods section

50. You must underline the key features of each possible option. Make sure they are easy to understand and presented in a friendly layout. Keep in mind that the goal is to allow your audience to make the best decision. Overview of Alternative Options

51. This should be the bulk of your report, you must evaluate the options using the criteria you created . Add graphs, charts, etc. to show that you have studied your options, and have come up with statistics that back up your reasons as to why your alternative beats the competition. Evaluation

52. Conclusion You need to state the conclusion you have came up with. How did you evaluate the alternatives? And then from there, which alternative best fit your organization.

53. Example of conclusion section

54. Recommendations

55. Example of recommendation section

56. Progress report

57. Definition of progress report

58. Purpose of the progress report M ain purpose: Project monitoring accountability

59. Progress reports have several important functions:

60. Points to be covered in progress report How much of the work is complete What part of the work is currently in progress What work remains to be done What problems or unexpected things How the project is going in general In the progress report, you explain any or all of the following:

61. Contents of progress report Introduction Project description Work status Problems encountered Summary & conclusion

62. It should include Topic and purpose of the report : Very briefly explain the project and what this progress report is for Time period covered : The date from the commencement of the project to the present date Introduction

63. Example introduction to a progress report

64. In most progress reports, include a project description to review the details of your project for the recipients Project description

65. Example project description from a report

66. Work status It describes Work completed before this report Work completed during this time period-present work Work you need to complete before you finish the project –future work

67. Describe problems encountered during the report period and solutions adopted. Describe problems not solved and propose solutions . Problems encountered

68. Give an overall assessment of the work progress on site and highlighting the issues to be brought to the attention. Give an estimate for the completion date for the project . Summary and Conclusions

69. Overall appraisal used as conclusion to a progress report

70. Evaluation report

71. This type provides an opinion or judgment rather than a yes-no-maybe answer or a recommendation . It provides a studied opinion on the value or worth of something. This type of report compares a thing to a set of requirements (or criteria) and determines how well it meets those requirements. What is an evaluation report?

72. The purpose of the evaluation report can be twofold ; to: assist in decision-making; and to provide a better understanding of the project's achievements (and areas for improvement). Purpose of evaluation report

73. It includes Title of evaluation report Executive summary Background of project Purpose, intent and design of the evaluation study Results Discussion Conclusions, recommendations and options Contents of evaluation report

74. Choose a title that is descriptive of your project keeping your main audience in mind. Title of evaluation report

75. This might cover: origins of the project (e.g. in response to some perceived need ) project goals and objectives staff and resources involved funding sources   Background of project

76. This is a critical opening to the report. It should provide: an overview of the evaluation (the 'what' and 'why'); the major sources of data and methods of data collection and analysis general results of the evaluation summary of recommendations any major limitations or constraints placed on the evaluation. Executive summary

77. Items here include: aims/objectives of the evaluation (refer to Practice Note ) evaluation criteria chosen (performance measures, standards in this case we require the set key competencies ) key questions explored other design parameters — data collection and analysis methods, data sources composition of evaluation team (rank, level etc ). Purpose, intent and design of the evaluation study

78. This section provides a description of the evaluation findings . Use graphs, tables, diagrams etc. to aid understanding and interpretation where necessary. R esults

79. This should include: interpretations of the findings any limitations or weaknesses in the findings, methods, data, etc . judgments against the evaluation criteria comment on the generalizability of the findings any 'unexpected' findings. D iscussion

80. This section should encapsulate the outcomes of the evaluation and clearly point to appropriate actions that stem from the findings. It should include: overall judgment comment on the validity and reliability of the findings on which the conclusions are made any recommendations for change/improvement. Conclusions, recommendations and options

81. Subtitle Information report

82. What is an information report? Information report provide data, facts, feedback, and other types of information without analysis or recommendations Recommendations is the biggest difference between informational and analytical reporting .

83. Purpose of information report

84. An information report :

85. Information report structure typically includes an opening statement (often a classification of definition), a series of paragraphs describing various aspects and features of the topic, a summary paragraph and conclusion i.e Title Introduction Body (Paragraphs) Conclusion Structure of information report

86. Title The first part of an information report is the title, or heading, of the report. This will tell the reader what topic is covered in the report.

87. The first introductory paragraph, known as the classification, explains the aspects of the topic that will be covered in the report. I ntroduction

88. The following information is contained in the body paragraphs. This is where the topic of the report is covered in more detail. These paragraphs use factual information to give the reader a better understanding of the topic. Sometimes, these paragraphs are broken up by sub-headings to help organise the information Main body (paragraphs)

89. The conclusion of an information report gives any final details or facts about the topic. It may also be used to review what the report was about. Conclusion

90. A nalytical report

91. 91 Contents

92. An analytical report examines a problem or issue and recommends an action . These reports attempt to describe why or how something happened and then to explain what it means. An analytical report is professional document written mostly for business uses. What is an analytical report

93. Goals of an analytical report

94. 94 Questions to be answered

95. Elements of an analytical report

96. The title of the report should Be long enough to describe the report's contents. Incorporate the key words from the report. Title page

97. An outline for the report . The table of contents allows your reader to easily find the information. The table of contents is usually constructed using chapter or section titles . Table of Contents

98. Concise version of your report. The purpose of the analytical report. R esearch design . G eneral conclusions. A ny recommendations. Executive summary

99. The introduction should establish the context of your work and explain the problem being researched . It includes A “resources ” section. A “scope ” section. A “limitations ” section. Introduction

100. Table of Figures & Glossary of Terms

101. C onclusion and Recommendations

102. Appendices are supplementary materials you include at the end of your report. Each of your appendix should be numbered or lettered consecutively and given a title. Appendix should be referenced in the table of contents and in the body of text. Appendices

103. Tips for writing an analytical report

104. Periodic report

105. It is one which is submitted at regular intervals for the purpose of recording information. It can take almost any form depending on the project and the frequency of reports required . It serves to show comparison and tendencies . What is a periodic report?

106. Consider all the activities of the organization for the specific time period. Begin by noting the time period . Are you sharing information about the last two weeks,the past month or the fiscal year ? The information or data may include performance , current status, challenges faced during the period, activities undertaken. H ow to write a periodic report?

107. Organize task so you can report them logically. Once lists are completed categories of tasks becomes subheadings under a major heading. Organize so the reader can find important information easily. H ow to write a periodic report?

108. Format For The Audience

109. For the introduction, develops an overview that briefly presents the highlights of the report. Mention each idea included in a major heading. Also state the reporting period, the times of which the document describes activities or progress. Introduction

110. Tasks proposed to be completed in the upcoming period. Problems encountered. List of submitted reports. Copy of submitted reports. Response to questions and comments on previous report . Methods and materials. Data and analysis. Significant findings. Status Summary & Technical Summary

111. In the conclusion, highlight any key ideas and refer to the next report. Conclusion

112. Checklist for effective technical report Are the purpose and aims clear? Are the main points included? Are the points supported by evidence? Is all the information relevant to the purpose? Is the information presented clearly?

113. Checklist for effective technical report Is the language clear and easy to understand? Is the style formal ? Is the grammar and punctuation correct? Is the spelling ok? Are the conclusions and recommendations clearly linked to the purpose and based on findings?

114. 125 Overview

115. Overview

116. Overview

117. Overview

118. 129 https:// www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/english/sections/linguist/independent/kursmaterialien/TechComm/acchtml/feas.html https:// www.slideshare.net/mobile/lisachiang1209/progress-report-12696365 http:// evaluationtoolbox.net.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=60 http:// surveyorsreports.co.uk/structural_engineer_report.htm https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9djIwXfM3Q http:// www.tasbuildinginspections.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Sample-Structural-Building-Inspection-Report.pdf https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrljzRy6HVc https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSVEsZjGf30 https://prezi.com/il20fla4ks4i/periodic-report/ Refrences