Types of transfer stations - Municipal Solid Wastes

Municipal Solid Wastes Handling and Management

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
[email protected]
IonlyfeelangrywhenIseewaste.
WhenIseepeoplethrowingaway
thingswecoulduse.–Mother
Teresa
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17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
2.6 –Types of transfer stations

2. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼What is a transfer station
☼Functions of transfer station
☼Types of transfer station
2.6 –Types of transfer stations

3. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session
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the video

4. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Wastetransportationcostswillbesubstantialifthedistancebetweenacollection
zoneandthefinaldestination(e.g.,landfill,incinerator)issignificant.
Intheinterestofeconomics,manymunicipalitieschoosetotransferwastefrom
neighborhoodcollectiontrucksorstationarycontainerstolargervehiclesbefore
transportingittothedisposalsite.
Atransferstationmaybeestablishedbetweenthewastecollectionsourcesandthe
finaldestinationtoserveinthiscapacity.
Atatransferstation,wasteistransferredfromsmallercollectionvehiclestolarger
transfervehicles,suchasatractorandtrailer,abarge,orarailroadcar.
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Transfer Station

5. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5
Transfer Station

6. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Theprimaryobjectiveinusingatransferstationistoreducethetrafficofsmaller
vehiclestothedisposalsite,ultimatelyresultinginreducedtransportcostsincluding
labor(crewsspendlesstimetravelingtothedisposalsite)andfuel.
Inadditiontolowercollectioncosts,transferstationsofferbenefitsincluding
₼Reducedmaintenancecostsforcollectionvehicles
₼Increasedflexibilityintheselectionofdisposalfacilities
₼Theopportunitytorecoverrecyclablematerialsatthetransfersite
₼Theopportunitytoprocesswastes(shredorbale)priortodisposal
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Transfer Station

7. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Indeterminingwhetheratransferstationisappropriate,municipaldecisionmakers
shouldcomparethecostsandsavingsassociatedwiththeconstructionandoperation
ofthefacilitywithcostsforthedirectshippingofthewastesfromlocalneighborhoods
tothelandfill.
Transferstationsareoftendifficulttositeandpermit,particularlyinurbanareas.
Thefarthertheultimatedisposalsiteisfromthecollectionarea,thegreaterthe
savingsattainedfromtheuseofatransferstation.
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Transfer Station

8. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Thedisposalsiteistypicallyatleast10to15milesfromthegenerationareabeforea
transferstationiseconomicallyjustified.
Transferstationsaresometimesusedforshorterhaulstocompleteotherdutiessuch
assortwastesorallowtheshipmentofwastestomoredistantlandfills(U.S.EPA,
2003).
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Transfer Station

9. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assumptionsusedtocreatethissamplecomparison
wereasfollows:
Costtoconstruct,ownandoperatetransferstation
($/ton) ----> $10
Averagepayloadofcollectiontruckhaulingdirectlyto
landfill(tons) ----> 7
Averagepayloadoftransfertruckhaulingfromtransfer
stationtolandfill(tons)----> 21
Averagetruckingcost(directortransferhauling)
($/mile) ----> $3
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Transfer Station
Comparisonofwastehaulingcostswithandwithouta
transferstation(U.S.EPA,2002).

10. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Sometimesatransferstationisrequiredregardlessofdistancetoalandfill.
Tominimizethetrafficandairpollutionimpactsatalandfill,apermitmaylimitthe
landfilltoonlyreceivingwastefromtransferstations.
Thissignificantlyreducesthenumberofvehiclestravellingtoalandfill.
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Transfer Station

11. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Thetypeofstationthatwouldbemostappropriateforacommunitydependson
severaldesignvariables,forexample(U.S.EPA,2003):
﴿Capacityforwastestorage
﴿Typesofwastesreceived
﴿Processesnecessarytorecovermaterialfromwastes
﴿Typesofcollectionvehiclesusingthefacility
﴿Typesoftransfervehiclestobeaccommodated
﴿Siteaccess
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Types of Transfer Station

12. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[1]SmalltoMediumTransferStations(capacityoflessthan100to500tons/day)
1)Smalltomediumtransferstationsareusually“direct-discharge”facilitiesthatprovide
littleareaforinterimwastestorage.
2)Suchstationsareequippedwithoperatingareasforwastecollectiontrucksandare
oftenprovidedwithdrop-offareasforusebythepublic.
3)Direct-dischargestationsareoftenconstructedwithtwooperatingfloors.
4)Acompactororopen-topcontainerislocatedonthelowerlevel.Usersenterthe
upperlevelanddumpwastesintohoppersattachedtothesecontainers.
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Types of Transfer Station

13. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[1]SmalltoMediumTransferStations(capacityoflessthan100to500tons/day)
5)Somesmallertransferstationsusedinruralareasmayusesimpledrop-off
collection,inwhichaseriesofopen-topcontainersarefilledbyusers.
6)Thecontainersarethenemptiedintoalargervehicleatthestationorhauleddirectly
tothedisposalsite.
7)Thenumberandsizeofcontainersatthefacilitydependsonthesizeandpopulation
densityoftheareaservedandthefrequencyofcollection.
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Types of Transfer Station

14. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[2]LargeTransferStations
Largetransferstationsaredesignedforheavycommercialusebyprivateand
municipalcollectionvehicles.
Whencollectionvehiclesarriveatthesite,theyarecheckedinforbilling,weighed,
anddirectedtotheappropriatedumpingarea.
Check-inandweighingproceduresareoftenautomatedforregularusers.
Collectionvehiclestraveltothedumpingareaandemptywastesintoatrailer,pit,or
ontoaplatform.
Transfervehiclesareweighedafterloadingtojustundermaximumlegalweights;this
maximizespayloadsandminimizesweightviolations. 14
Types of Transfer Station

15. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[2]LargeTransferStations
Transfervehiclesareweighedafterloadingtojustundermaximumlegalweights;this
maximizespayloadsandminimizesweightviolations.
Severaldifferentdesignsforlargertransferoperationsarecommondependingonthe
transferdistanceandvehicletype.
Mostdesignsfallintooneofthreecategories(U.S.EPA,2003):
(1)Direct-dischargenon-compactionstations
(2)platform/pitnoncompactionstations
(3)compactionstations
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Types of Transfer Station

16. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[a]Direct-dischargenon-compactionstations
Thesestationsaregenerallydesignedwithtwooperatingfloors.
Inthetransferoperation,wastesaredumpeddirectlyfromcollectionvehiclesonthe
topfloorthroughahopperandintoopen-toptrailersonthelowerfloor.
Thetrailersareoftenpositionedonscalessothatdumpingishaltedwhenthe
maximumpayloadisreached.
Thesestationsareefficientbecausewasteishandledonlyonce.
However,someprovisionforwastestoragemustbeprovidedatpeakdrop-offtimes
orduringsysteminterruptions.
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Types of Transfer Station

17. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[a]Direct-dischargenon-compactionstations
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Types of Transfer Station

18. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[b]PlatformorPitnoncompactionStations
Inplatformorpitstations,collectionvehiclesdumptheirwastesontoanareawhere
wastesaretemporarilystoredandsortedforrecyclablesorunacceptablematerials.
Thewasteisthenpushedintoopen-toptrailersbyfront-endloaders(Figure5.8).
Platformstationsarealsoconstructedwithtwolevels.
Temporarystorageisprovidedthatcanaccommodatepeakinflowofwastes.
Constructioncostsmaybehigherwiththistypeofstationbecauseoftheincreased
floorspace;however,theabilitytotemporarilystorewastesresultsinaneedfor
fewertrucksandtrailers.
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Types of Transfer Station

19. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[b]PlatformorPitnoncompactionStations
Also,facilityoperatorscanhaulwastesatnightorduringotherslowtrafficperiods
(U.S.EPA,2003).
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Types of Transfer Station

20. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[c]CompactionStations
Compactiontransferstationsusemechanicalequipmenttocompactwastesbefore
theyaretransferred.
Ahydraulicallypoweredcompactoriscommonlyusedtocompresswastes.
Wastesarefedintothecompactorthroughachuteeitherdirectlyfromcollection
trucksorafterstorageinapit.
Thehydraulicrampusheswasteintothetransfertrailer,whichismechanicallylinked
tothecompactor.
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Types of Transfer Station

21. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[c]CompactionStations
Compactionstationsareusedwhen
i.Wastesmustbebaledforshipment(e.g.,railhaul)orfordeliverytoabalefill
ii.Open-toptrailerscannotbeusedbecauseofsizerestrictionssuchasviaduct
clearances
iii.Thesitelayoutdoesnotaccommodateamultilevelbuildingconduciveto
loadingopen-toptrailers
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Types of Transfer Station

22. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[c]CompactionStations
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Types of Transfer Station

23. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
[c]CompactionStations
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Types of Transfer Station

24. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar
Typical Transfer
station types
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Types of Transfer Station
Dump to container Dump to trailer
Store and dump to truck trailer Dump to compactor

25. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 25
Transfer Station in Coimbatore

26. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 26
Transfer Station in Surat

27. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 27
Assessment Time
Review
Question
MSWcompactioninacollectiontruckallowsforincreased
volumesofwastetobetransported;however,ifthiscompacted
materialisbroughttoamaterialsrecoveryfacility,thereare
potentialdisadvantages.
Discusstheseproblems.

28. SHWM –Module 2 –MUNICIPAL OF SOLID WASTES HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 28
End of this topic