UCSP_The Concept of Society.....Module 2

This State of the Nation report provides a brief analysis of the current social, cultural, and political conditions in the country. It highlights key issues, recent developments, and their impact on Filipino society, promoting critical awareness and civic engagement in understanding the nation’s challenges and progress.

1. UCSP

2. Module 2

3. Activity 1 Picture Analysis Directions: Write your impression/s about the pictures/images below. Use separate sheet for your answer.

4. 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. Activity 1 Picture Analysis Directions: Write your impression/s about the pictures/images below. Use separate sheet for your answer.

6. Lesson: The Concept of Society

7. Meaning and Nature of Society

8. Meaning and Nature of Society Society -is a group of people who live together in a specific area and share common cultural practices. Think of society as a big team where everyone works together, follows certain rules, and has a shared way of life.

9. Meaning and Nature of Society Definitions: Arcinas (2016): Defines society as a group of people who share a common territory and culture. This means they live in the same place and have similar ways of doing things. Latin Origin: The word "society" comes from the Latin word societas, meaning "companion" or "associate," highlighting that society is about people who interact and depend on each other.

10. Types of Definition 1. Functional Definition: Society is a network of groups that interact and support each other. For example, a family, friends, and work colleagues all contribute to a person’s life and well-being. 2. Structural Definition: Society is the collection of all traditions, rules, and habits shared by a group. It includes everything from how we celebrate holidays to how we behave in public.

11. Why People Form Societies? 1. Survival: No man is an island. No man can live alone. From birth to death, man always depends upon his parents and from others. The care, support, and protection given by them areimportnt factors for survival. Example: A baby needs its parents to feed, care for, and protect it.

12. Why People Form Societies? 2. Gregariousness: People naturally want to be with others. This need for companionship and understanding makes people form groups. Example: Friends gathering for a party to enjoy each other's company.

13. Why People Form Societies? 3. Specialization: People with different skills form groups to improve their work and support each other. Example: Doctors and nurses work together in hospitals to provide medical care.

14. Characteristics of Society 1. It is a social system: Society is like a big machine where every part (individuals and groups) affects the others. If one part changes, it can impact the whole system. Example: If a new law is introduced, it affects everyone’s behavior.

15. Characteristics of Society 2. It is relatively large. The people must be socialy integrated to be considered relatively large than if the people are individually scattered. Thus, the people in a family, clan, tribe, neighborhood, community are socially integrated to be relatively large in scope. A society can be small (like a family) or large (like a country), but people within it are connected. Example: A local neighborhood versus an entire nation.

16. Characteristics of Society 3. It socializes its members and those fromwithout. Since most of society’s members are born to it, they are taught the basic normsand expectations. Those who come from other societies, before being acceptedas functioning members, are socialized and taught the basic normsandexpectations of the society. Society teaches its members how to behave and interact. Example: Schools teach children how to follow rules and work with othe rs.

17. Characteristics of Society 4. It endures, produces and sustains its members for generations. For society to survive, it must have the ability to produce, endure and sustain its new members for at least several generations. For instance, if a society cannot assist its members during their extreme conditionsof hunger and poverty, that society will not survive long. For a society to last, it must be able to support and sustain its members over time. Example: Communities set up schools and healthcare systems to help future generations.

18. Characteristics of Society 5. It holds its members through a common culture. The individualsinasociety are held together because that society has symbols, norms, values,patterns of interaction, vision and mission that are commonly sharedbythe members of such society. Members share beliefs, values, and practices that bind them together. Example: Celebrating national holidays or following cultural traditions.

19. Characteristics of Society 5. It has clearly-defined geographical territory. The members in a society must live in a certain specific habitat or place and have a commonbelongingness and sense of purpose. Members share beliefs, values, and practices that bind them together. Members live in a specific area and share a sense of belonging to that place. Example: Residents of a city or village.

20. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SOCIETY

21. Major Functions of Society 1. It provides a system of socialization. Knowledge and skills, dominant patterns of behavior, moral and social values, and aspects of personality are transmitted to each members, especially to the young. the family, thepeer group, the school, the church and other government andnon-government organizations play a role in the individual’s development Socialization: Society helps individuals learn the norms and values necessary to function in the community. Example: Family teaches children manners, schools teach academic skills.

22. Major Functions of Society 2. It provides the basic needs of its members. Food, clothing, shelter, medicine, education, transportations and communicationfacilities, among others must be provided by society to satisfy the basic needs of its members. Example: Social services and community support programs.

23. Major Functions of Society 3. It regulates and controls people’s behavior. Conformity totheprevailing norms of conduct ensures social control. The police, armedforces, law enforcement agencies and even the church and other government and non-government organizations exist as means of social control. Peace and order are created through a systemof normsandformal organizations. Behavior Regulation: Society enforces rules to maintain order and control. Example: Laws, police, and community guidelines.

24. Major Functions of Society 4. It provides the means of social participation. Social Participation: Society encourages people to take part in activities and contribute to their community. Example: Volunteering for local events or joining community groups.

25. Major Functions of Society 5.It provides mutual support to the members. Mutual support isprovided to the members of society in the form of relief in any formandsolution to problems met by them. This form of assistance may come from the family, neighbors, clans, government and non-governmentagencies, civic and religious organizations. Example: Neighbors helping each other during emergencies.

26. Major Functions of Society 5.It provides mutual support to the members. Mutual support isprovided to the members of society in the form of relief in any formandsolution to problems met by them. This form of assistance may come from the family, neighbors, clans, government and non-governmentagencies, civic and religious organizations. Example: Neighbors helping each other during emergencies.

27. TYPES of SOCIETY

28. Societies change and evolve over time based on how people interact with their environment , resources , and each other .

29. Economic and Material System Evolutionary View People’s Subsistence TYPES of SOCIETY

30. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 1. Pre-class Societies Societies characterized by communal ownership of property and a simple division of labor. Example in the Philippines: Early Filipino tribes, such as the Aeta and other indigenous groups, lived in communal settings where resources were shared.

31. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 2. Asiatic Societies Economically self-sufficient societies with despotic leaders who held significant power. Example in the Philippines: The rise of wealthy land-owning families during the Spanish colonial period, such as the principalia class.

32. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 3. Ancient Societies Aristocrats owned large lands while peasants worked on these lands with limited benefits. Example in the Philippines: The hacienda system during the Spanish era, where Spanish landlords owned vast tracts of land worked by Filipino tenants.

33. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 4. Feudal Societies Societies with private land ownership and a clear division between the rich and the poor. Example in the Philippines: Early barangay societies led by datus, where leaders held economic and political power over their communities.

34. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 5. Capitalist Societies Societies with private land ownership and a clear division between the rich and the poor. Example in the Philippines: Early barangay societies led by datus, where leaders held economic and political power over their communities.

35. TYPES of SOCIETY - Economic and Material System 6. Democratic Societies Characterized by free enterprise, where individuals can engage in business for profit. Example in the Philippines: Modern Philippine society, where citizens are free to start businesses under the country's laws and regulations.

36. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 1. Simple Societies Small, nomadic, with unstable leadership and no specialization of skills. Example in the Philippines: Early Filipino tribal communities, such as the Mangyan of Mindoro, who lived simply and relied on hunting and gathering.

37. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 2. Compound Societies Merged societies, often settled agricultural communities with social classes. Example in the Philippines: The formation of more structured villages (barangays) with a class system led by datus.

38. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 3. Doubly Compound Societies Societies with complex political, religious, and social structures, including division of labor. Example in the Philippines: Spanish colonial towns, where the church, local government, and social classes played distinct roles.

39. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 4. Militant Societies Societies with military organization, state control over individuals, and highly regulated activities. Example in the Philippines: The martial law period under Ferdinand Marcos, where state control was emphasized.

40. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 5. Industrial Societies Societies with elected representatives, freedom of religion, and organized industrial production. Example in the Philippines: Post-World War II industrial development, especially in Metro Manila, with factories and industrial zones.

41. TYPES of SOCIETY - Evolutionary View 6. Post - Industrial Societies Marked by the spread of computer technology, information systems, and advanced medical and scientific discoveries. Example in the Philippines: Present-day Philippines with its booming IT and BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) industries.

42. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 1. Food Gathering Societies Societies that survive by hunting, fishing, and gathering. Example in the Philippines: The Negritos, early inhabitants of the Philippines, relied on hunting and gathering for survival.

43. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 2. Horticultural Societies Societies that grow crops using simple tools. Example in the Philippines: The traditional Ifugao communities practiced shifting cultivation to grow rice and root crops.

44. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 3. Pastoral Societies Societies that raise and herd animals for food and resources. Example in the Philippines: The Badjao and other groups in Mindanao practiced a mix of fishing and small-scale animal herding.

45. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 4. Agricultural Societies Societies that use advanced farming techniques, such as plowing and irrigation. Example in the Philippines: The famous Ifugao Rice Terraces, showcasing advanced agricultural techniques in the mountainous regions.

46. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 5. Industrial Societies Societies that use machinery and mass production techniques. Example in the Philippines: The rise of industrial zones in the Philippines during the 20th century, particularly around Metro Manila.

47. TYPES of SOCIETY - Poeple’s Subsistence 6. Post-Industrial Societies (Information Societies) Societies focused on information and communication technology. Example in the Philippines: The current BPO industry, which makes the Philippines a global hub for customer service and IT support.

48. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY

49. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 1. Civil Revolution Example: The Philippine Revolution in 1896, where Filipinos fought the Spanish, led to many deaths and chaos within the society.

50. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 1. Civil Revolution Example: The Philippine Revolution in 1896, where Filipinos fought the Spanish, led to many deaths and chaos within the society.

51. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 2. Extermination by Outside Force Example: During World War II, the Japanese occupation of the Philippines led to severe losses, with many Filipinos being killed, and whole communities were devastated by military actions and atrocities.

52. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 3. Apathy and Loss of Belongingness Example: The indigenous Aeta communities in the Philippines face social dissolution as younger members often leave their traditional ways for urban life, leading to a weakening of their cultural bonds and communal lifestyle.

53. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 4. Absorption by a Larger Society Example: The Sultanate of Sulu was absorbed into the larger Spanish colonial empire in the 19th century. Conquest and territorial expansion by Spain weakened and dissolved the sultanate’s independent political structure.

54. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 5. Submersion by Water Example: The Sultanate of Sulu was absorbed into the larger Spanish colonial empire in the 19th century. Conquest and territorial expansion by Spain weakened and dissolved the sultanate’s independent political structure.

55. DISSOLUTION of a SOCIETY 6. Voluntary Attachment to Another Society Example: The integration of Muslim Mindanao communities into the broader Philippine state system under the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and later the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is an example. Some traditional societies voluntarily adjusted and attached themselves to the new regional governance structures.

56. CONCEPT of CULTURE

57. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 1. Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive: Example: The integration of Muslim Mindanao communities into the broader Philippine state system under the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and later the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is an example. Some traditional societies voluntarily adjusted and attached themselves to the new regional governance structures.

58. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 1. Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive Culture changes due to interactions with people, media, and technology. Example: Filipino culture has adapted to foreign influences like Western fashion trends, Korean pop culture, and the use of smartphones. When problems arise, like natural disasters, Filipinos use their cultural values of resilience and "bayanihan" (community spirit) to adapt and find solutions.

59. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 2. Shared Culture Can Be Challenged Culture is shared among people, allowing them to act appropriately and predict others' behaviors. However, it is not uniform. Example: The rise of online shopping and Western fast food has challenged traditional Filipino markets and dining habits, showing how globalization and modernization can impact shared cultural practices.

60. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 3. Learned Through Socialization or Enculturation Culture is learned, not inherited. Example: Filipinos learn traditions like celebrating fiestas, using "po" and "opo" to show respect, and enjoying Filipino foods from family, friends, school, and media. These cultural practices are passed down and absorbed unconsciously in daily interactions.

61. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 4. Patterned Social Interactions Culture sets norms for behavior. Example: Saying "mano po" (a gesture of respect to elders) or removing shoes before entering a home. These patterned interactions guide how Filipinos interact with each other, helping maintain order and set expectations for appropriate behavior.

62. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 5. Transmitted Through Socialization or Enculturation Culture is passed down through generations. Example: Teaching children to respect elders, celebrating national holidays, or speaking local languages like Tagalog, Cebuano, or Ilocano. This process ensures that the younger generation learns the cultural values needed to navigate society.

63. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Sociologists 6. Requires Language and Other Forms of Communication Language, symbols, and gestures are essential for sharing culture. Example: Speaking in Filipino, using hand gestures like "come here" with a downward wave, or wearing traditional clothing like the Barong Tagalog during formal events all communicate cultural values and identities.

64. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Anthropologists 1. Learned Culture is not inherited; it is learned. Examples: Filipinos learn cultural practices like respecting elders through "mano po" or celebrating fiestas. Children learn these practices by observing and participating in family traditions, being taught by their parents, or attending cultural events. New discoveries, such as technological advancements like mobile payment systems (e.g., GCash), are added to the cultural knowledge, showing how each generation contributes new ideas to society.

65. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Anthropologists 2. Symbolic Culture uses symbols to give meaning to actions. Filipino traditions like the "Harana" (serenade) symbolize courtship and romance, “Simbang Gabi” (dawn masses) represent devotion during the Christmas season. Symbols like the Philippine flag, the "Lupang Hinirang" national anthem, and iconic Filipino dishes like adobo or sinigang all carry deeper cultural meanings that connect people to their heritage.

66. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Anthropologists 3. Systemic and Integrated Different parts of culture work together. The family system, religious practices, and economic activities like "sari-sari" stores (small neighborhood shops) are interconnected. Christmas celebration combining religious beliefs, family gatherings, and local food traditions, reflects how culture integrates various aspects of life into a cohesive whole.

67. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Anthropologists 4. Shared Different parts of culture work together. Example: “Bayanihan” (community spirit): neighbors help each other, such as when moving a house or during calamities.

68. CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE - Anthropologists 5. Encompassing Culture covers all aspects of life. Example: Eating with hands ("kamayan") Wearing traditional clothing during special events Celebrating numerous festivals (like Ati-Atihan and Sinulog) all reflect cultural values

69. Importance/ Functions of Culture

70. Importance/Functions of Culture 1. It serves as the “trademark” of the people in the society. 2. It gives meaning and direction to one’s existence. 3. It promotes meaning to individual’s existence. 4. It predicts social behavior. 5. It unifies diverse behavior. 6. It provides social solidarity.

71. Importance/Functions of Culture 7. It establishes social personality. 8. It providessystematic behavioral pattern. 9. It provides social structure category. 10. It maintains the biologic functioning of the group. 11. It offers ready-made solutionsto man’s material and immaterial problems. 12. it develops man’s attitudeandvalues and gives him a conscience.

72. ELEMENTS of CULTURE

73. Elements of Culture 1. Symbols 2. Language 3. Technology 4. Values 5. Beliefs 6. Norms Type: 1.Proscriptive - defines and tells us things not to do 2. Prescriptive - defines and tells us things Forms: Folkways, Mores, Laws

74. Elements of Culture 1. Symbols - anything that represents something else and gives meaning to culture. Example: Pagmamano Parol Cross

75. Elements of Culture 2. Language - is the key to passing down culture. Example: Cebuano, Ilocano, and Kapampangan Filipino -

76. Elements of Culture 3. Technology -includes tools, methods, and devices that make life easier. Example: Jeepneys Rice cookers, Karaoke machines Social media

77. Elements of Culture 4. Values -Values are standards of what is considered good or bad in a culture Example: "bayanihan" (community spirit) "paggalang" (respect) utang na loob" (debt of gratitude) "pakikisama" (getting along with others)

78. Elements of Culture 5. Beliefs -ideas that people hold about what is true Example: faith in God belief in spirits or "engkanto” traditions like saying "tabi-tabi po"

79. Elements of Culture 6. Norms - rules or expectations on how to behave in specific situations.

80. Elements of Culture 6. Norms Types: Folkways: Everyday practices like eating with bare hands ("kamayan") or saying "po" and "opo" as signs of respect. Mores: Moral norms, such as expecting monogamy in marriages and considering infidelity as immoral. Laws: Written norms enforced by the government, like traffic rules, anti-littering laws, and ordinances on curfews for minors. These formalize the values and ethics of society, ensuring order and discipline.