Ukraine war pptx.pdf.pdf about India ukraine

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1. WAR IN UKRAINE
through the lens of LIBERAL
INTERNATIONALISM

2. INTRODUCTION TO LIBERAL
INTERNATIONALISM
Definition: A global framework to maintain international peace bycooperation and
shared values.
Key Tenets of Liberal Internationalism:
Rule of Law : It is the principle that helps in establishing a predictable international
environment where nations follow common rules. This reduces arbitrary power and
promotes fairness.
Democratic Governance : Belief in democratic governance to reduce authoritarianism and
promote human rights.
Collective Security: A concept where security is best gained collectively. For example,
NATO's principle that if one member is attacked it is an attack on all fits this ideal. This
discourages unilateral aggression whileencouraging collective peacekeeping
Economic Interdependence: Economic interdependence theory positsthat interdependent
countries in their economies are unlikely to engage in war because both have economic
interests at stake. This is the basisof most international economic institutions, including the
WTO.

3. BACKGROUND TO UKRAINE
CONFLICT
Ukraine's geopolitical importance: Always
between the Western liberal democracies and
Russian influence.
Alignment with the West: Ukraine's
democratic reform and interest in accession
towards the EU and NATO.
Russia's Response: By Moscow's view, given
Ukraine's closeness withthe West, Russia
occupied Crimea in 2014 and invaded Ukraine
in 2022.
Liberal Order Challenge :The challenge of
liberal order by Russia comes in terms of
sovereignty and self-determination.

4. LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM’S
GOALS VS. REALITIES IN UKRAINE
Idealistic Goals:
Defend Ukrainian Sovereignty: Promote the national will to self-governbased on
democratic values.
Multilateralism for Peace: A global policy of liberal democracies and deterrence.
International Norms: Strong norms against an attack that would change national
borders without consent.
Challenges on the Ground:
International Politics: Practical compromises where idealism needs tostay in balance
with confrontation potential through Russia.
Constraints in International Organizations: UN's 'veto' makes everypolitical collective a
mere nullity.
Economic Challenges: European economy is too much dependent upon Russian
energy. This also makes it quite tough when sanctions and other economic ways are to
be devised by the EU to penalize its former Soviet bloc states.

6. Role of the United Nations
o UN’s efforts in the War -
1. The United Nations involved themselves as soon as the conflict arose and
considered the attacks made by Russia on the night of 23rd February 2022 to be a
violation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine and to be against the
principles of the Charter of United Nations.
2. The UN came to Ukraine’s aid and provided a wide range of humanitarian assistance
to them. This included cash assistance, health services including mobile clinics, water,
sanitation and hygiene services, legal support etc.
o UN and its Liberal values –
The united nations liberal framework is based on the ideas of democracy,
humanitarian law , free trade and disarmament which promote peacekeeping and
diplomacy.
o Challenges of the United Nations –
1. The UN Security Council has been given a veto power that is abused by nations.
Russia vetoed against the UNGA resolution to end the conflict in Ukraine which led to
death and destruction.
2. There is a major resource gap which restricts the UN from effectively tackling global
challenges.
3. UN cannot maintain peace in many situations. For example during the Ukraine war
conflict mediation failed between Ukraine and Russia as the parties did not agree on
key issues.

7. NATO’S ROLE AND RESPONSE
NATO’s functioning-
o NATO keeps track of all the different nations and constantly assesses any
threats and develops defence strategies to respond effectively to any issue that
may cause disharmony.
o Based on the principles of liberal internationalism NATO states that an attack
on one is an attack on all i.e. ensures that there is no conflict among member
states and promotes collective security.
NATO’s role during the Ukraine conflict-
o NATO provided substantial military aid to Ukraine which included weapons,
training, intelligence reports etc without any use of force from their behalf.
o NATO coordinated among member states and ensured the delivery of
humanitarian aid to Ukraine which helped the millions in need. This is a clear
indicator of the alliance’s commitment to supporting liberalism.

8. DIPLOMACY AND MULTILATERAL
EFFORTS
o Liberal approach to diplomacy-
Liberal approach towards international relations focuses towards diplomatic
negotiations and ceasefires. Countries following a liberal approach advocate open
communication among conflicting parties.
o Initiatives undertaken to foster diplomacy-
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine left the country in dire need of rehabilitation and
repair. NGOs from various countries provided housing, food, clothing, medicine etc
to the millions in need. Liberal Internationalism recognises the crucial work done
by the NGOs.
o International Diplomacy to resolve the conflict-
Several countries took initiative to end the dispute between Ukraine and Russia.
Harsh financial, trade and economic sanctions were imposed on Russia. NATO and
the US military provided substantial support to Ukraine in the form of military
training, arms and ammunition, intelligence reports etc. numerous attempts were
made by France and Turkey to mediate peace talks and bring an end to the
fighting.

9. • The Logic: Economic sanctions are a peaceful means to uphold international
standards, consistent with the liberal principles of cooperation, rule of law, and
human rights.
• WAR IN UKRAINE. Western sanctions are aimed at the Russian economy in an
effort to force reconsideration of actions which violate Ukraine's sovereignty. This is
in accordance with the liberal internationalism goal of trying to avoid wars by making
sure global security is taken care of while aggressively preventing aggression without
war.
Critiques: Sanctions hurt civilians more than governments, causing inflation and
scarcities for average citizens. Ethically, this raises concerns, as sanctions effects on
the population can be at odds with the liberal desire to safeguard human welfare.
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AS A LIBERAL
WEAPON IN THE UKRAINE WAR

10. • EU Candidacy: Ukraine's new found love for democracy and human rights, and
their place in the west, as seen by their recent application to the EU. Joining the
EU is a symbolic, strategic jump into the European democratic family.
• EU’s Role: The EU's backing of Ukraine, that is in time of war, does nothing but
promote solidarity and the spread of democratic ideals across Eastern Europe.
This " help " be it humanitarian and diplomatic does nothing but keep the ukraine
upright and the propagation of liberal idealism in the area.
• Conclusion: That takes us back to the whole idea of Ukraine joining the EU,
which of course fits in very nicely with the liberal internationalist agenda because
it would promote democratic transformation, it would counteract authoritarian
menaces, and it would insure long term stability in Eastern Europe.
The EU and Ukraine’s Aspiration
for Membership

11. HUMANITARIAN AID AND
SUPPORT FOR REFUGEES
• Protection of Human Rights: Liberal internationalism believes in the significance of human rights and ought
to protect civilians during war. This method creates the mindset that protecting the vulnerable is a global task.
• Assistance and Refuge: Along with the Ukraine war people have been given ample amount of humanitarian
assistance and support from nations and international agencies around the world. Which encompasses: Food,
shelter, medical support, and relocation services, embodying ideals of compassion, cooperation, and
solidarity.
• Conclusion: The global humanitarian response to the Ukraine crisis is liberal internationalism by the back
door. It emphasizes the importance of civilians as well as their physical and legal integrity, while reaffirming a
common responsibility to protect human rights.

12. Aspect Democracy Authoritarianism
1. Government accountability
The leaders of the country are accountable to the
people. Freedom of press as well as elections held
on a regular basis ensure transparency.
Due to centralization of the government, there is lack of
accountability, resulting in leaders operating without oversight and
supervision.
2. Economic and Social Stability
Democracy takes more time to take decisions but
this results in implementation of better policies.
All social groups participate in economic
activities.
Authoritarianism takes less time to take decisions, at times
resulting in rash ones, which are not beneficial to the public as the
decisions are unilateral.
3. Equality
Democracy promotes equality among citizens,
resulting in fair distribution of resources among
society.
Authoritarianism does not promote equality resulting in an
economic gap and unequal distribution of power.
DEMOCRACY VS. AUTHORITARIANISM:
A LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE

13. There have been increasing challenges which have become more prominent in the last
few years:

•⁠ ⁠Used by powerful 1st world countries to further benefit themselves.
•⁠ ⁠Globalization refers to interconnected among nations and free trade. The small-scale
industries and workers have suffered.
•⁠ ⁠More beneficial to the rich nations since the international economic systems are
dominated by Western powers.
•⁠ ⁠International institutions at times lack resources to implement their policies
effectively
•⁠ ⁠Results in neglecting important issues such as climate change and global
environmental crises.
•⁠ ⁠More difficult to protect democracies from cyber crimes.
CHALLENGES TO LIBERAL
INTERNATIONALISM

14. OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE
IMPLICATIONS OF LIBERAL
INTERNATIONALISM
•⁠ ⁠The war in Ukraine has resulted in discussions about the importance of strengthening liberal alliances
as opposed to authoritarianism.
•⁠ ⁠Support should be provided to emerging and upcoming democracies.
•⁠ ⁠Resulted in strengthening NATO by increasing their defense budgets and promoting collective security.
•⁠ ⁠Liberal democracies can benefit from building cyber security, and spreading information about digital
literacy.
•⁠ ⁠On a grassroot level, diplomacy can be spread between NGOs providing platforms for society to
connect. International scholarships and exchange programs help to promote collectiveness as well.
•⁠ ⁠Liberal democracies should invest in sustainable energy to reduce their dependence on authoritarian
states. Energy independence should be promoted alongside green technology.

15. CONCLUSION
•⁠ ⁠The war in Ukraine has fostered global cooperation and upholding human rights
by defending democracy. There are limitations which were highlighted, but the war
has also demonstrated the power which comes from unified liberal alliances.
•⁠ ⁠The war has shown that while challenges such as economic dependency on
authoritarian countries, liberal internationalism and collective action can help and
bring about peace.
•⁠ ⁠The Ukraine War highlights that liberal internationalism remains vital and
essential in today’s era of rising authoritarianism.