Ultra centrifuge

Centrifuge

1. ULTRA CENTRIFUGE Dr. P. S uganya Assistant Professor Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous) Sivakasi

2. ULTRA CENTRIFUGE

3. Ultracentrifugation  is a specialized technique used to spin samples at exceptionally high speeds. ...  Ultracentrifugation  widened the  applications  of benchtop   centrifugation , allowing the isolation of smaller sized particles, and the study of purified molecules and molecular complexes ( Ohlendieck & Harding, 2017)

4. It is high speed vacuum- type centrifuge. It works in a vacuum chamber It was firs I t discovered by Swedberg in 1920 Speed of more than 60000 rpm   Current ultracentrifuges can spin to as much as 150 000 rotations per minute (rpm) (equivalent to 1 000 000 g ) Temperature is not raised As it spins in air –free medium, the air friction is eliminated This leads to the attainment of high rotational speeds with relatively little expenditure of energy ULTRA CENTRIFUGE

5. The modern ultracentrifuge has an optical device through which the sedimentation can be observed and photographed Analytical ultracentrifuge is the latest ultra centrifuge cellular components, such as o rganelles, lipid membranes , and even to purify proteins and ribonucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

6. Ultracentrifuges are the centrifuges that operate at extremely high speeds that allow the separation of much smaller molecules like ribosomes, proteins , and viruses. It is the most sophisticated type of centrifuge that allows the separation of molecules that cannot be separated with other centrifuges.

7. Refrigeration systems are present in such centrifuges that help to balance the heat produced due to the intense spinning. The speed of these centrifuges can reach as high as 150,000 rpm . It can be used for both preparative and analytical works . Ultracentrifuges can separate molecules in large batches and in a continuous flow system. In addition to separation, ultracentrifuges can also be used for the determination of properties of macromolecules like the size, shape, and density

8. the denser a biological structure is, the faster it sediments in a centrifugal field the more massive a biological particle is, the faster it moves in a centrifugal field the denser the biological buffer system is, the slower the particle moves in a centrifugal field the greater the frictional coefficient (i.e., the friction between the component and the neighboring environment) is, the slower a particle moves the greater the centrifugal force is, the faster the particle sediments the sedimentation rate of a given particle will be zero when the density of the particle and the surrounding medium is equal. Working principle

9. To separate two miscible substances To analyze the hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules Purification of mammalian cells Fractionation of subcellular organelles (including membranes/membrane fractions) Fractionation of membrane vesicles Separating chalk powder from water Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk Separating particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation The clarification and stabilization of wine Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratories Aids in the separation of  proteins  using purification techniques such as salting out, e.g. ammonium sulfate precipitation. Applications