Ultrasound_____________Presentation.pptx

ai

1. Interaction of Ultrasound Beam with Matter, Mechanical and Electronic Transducers

2. Introduction to Ultrasound - Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies above 20 kHz. - Used in medical imaging, industrial applications, and research. - Propagates as mechanical waves through different media.

3. Properties of Ultrasound Waves - Frequency range: 20 kHz to several GHz. - Requires a medium to propagate (solid, liquid, or gas). - Velocity depends on medium density and elasticity.

4. Basic Principles of Ultrasound Interaction with Matter - Transmission, reflection, absorption, and scattering. - Interaction depends on acoustic impedance and wavelength. - Determines effectiveness in various applications.

5. Reflection, Refraction, and Absorption - **Reflection**: Occurs at boundaries between different media. - **Refraction**: Bending of waves when passing through different densities. - **Absorption**: Conversion of ultrasound energy into heat.

6. Scattering and Attenuation - **Scattering**: Ultrasound waves change direction due to small obstacles. - **Attenuation**: Loss of wave energy as it travels through a medium. - Higher frequency results in higher attenuation.

7. Acoustic Impedance and Its Role - Defined as the product of medium density and wave velocity. - Determines reflection and transmission at boundaries. - High impedance difference leads to strong reflections.

8. Mechanical Transducers – Overview - Convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations. - Used in early ultrasound applications. - Require mechanical movement to scan an area.

9. Types of Mechanical Transducers - Single-element transducers. - Rotating transducers. - Oscillating transducers.

10. Working Mechanism of Mechanical Transducers - A motor physically moves the transducer element. - Produces ultrasound waves that propagate through a medium. - Echoes are detected and used for imaging.

11. Electronic Transducers – Overview - Modern transducers using piezoelectric elements. - No moving parts; electronically controlled beam steering. - Enables real-time imaging and advanced applications.

12. Types of Electronic Transducers - Linear array transducers. - Phased array transducers. - Convex array transducers.

13. Working Mechanism of Electronic Transducers - Piezoelectric crystals generate ultrasound waves when excited. - Phased arrays enable beam focusing and steering. - Improves accuracy and image resolution.

14. Comparison: Mechanical vs. Electronic Transducers - **Mechanical Transducers**: Require motion, slower, lower resolution. - **Electronic Transducers**: No moving parts, faster, higher resolution.

15. Applications of Ultrasound - **Medical**: Imaging, therapy, surgeries. - **Industrial**: Non-destructive testing, material characterization. - **Research**: Underwater sonar, biological studies.

16. Conclusion and Future Prospects - Ultrasound technology continues to evolve. - AI integration and miniaturization in future developments. - Expanding applications in medicine, industry, and research.