Umbelliferae presentation about Flowering plants

Umbelliferous plants with their medicinal uses

1. Umbelliferae (Carrot/Parsley Family) Introduction and Plants

2. Introduction The Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae ), commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The Umbelliferae family is named after the shape of its flowers, which are called umbels. The umbels are unique in their floral uniformity. These distinctive umbrella shaped blooms are attractive in arrangements and loved by numerous beneficial insects. They pollinate freely which allow it to increase its natural distribution. Seed dispersal occurs through wind. Angiospermic plants and these are used as important herbs. Many are poisonous Members of this family are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Many are indispensable in favorite recipes.

3. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera. It is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants. Habit Plants are annual, biennial and perennials herbs. Habitat It is widely distributed in through out the world.

4. Stem Furrowed fistular stem having swollen nodes Leaves Alternate and compound Inflorescence Simple or compound umbel Flower Pentamerous, Epigynous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic, pedicellate Corolla 5 petals, free, adnate to the ovary and sometimes unequal Calyx 5 sepals free, adnate to ovary often considerably reduced in size

5. Androecium 5 stamens, alternate with petals, polyandrous Gynoecium Bicarpillary , syncarpous, with axile placentation, ovary inferior Fruit Cremocarp consisting of two indehiscent carpels laterally or dorsally compressed, breaking up into two parts called mericarp. Each mericarp contain one seed.

6. Floral formula: ⊕ ⚥ K 5 C (5) A 5 G ( 2)

7. Fennel

8. Botanical origin: Foeniculum vulgare Common Name: Saunf Part used: Dried ripened fruit Habit: A perennial sub shrub Habitat: Indigenous to tropical, Mediterranean countries and Asia Cultivated in France, India and Russia Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil. The major volatile oil is Anethole (40-50%), Fenchone, methyl chavicol, Limonene, α -pinene, Anisaldehyde, Camphene, Cinemal , Fixed oil and Proteins. Fennel oil has ẞ-pinene, anisic acid, phellandrine and anisic aldehyde.

9. Medicinal uses Antiseptic Antispasmodic Anti-inflammatory carminative Expectorant Fennel can increase production of bile, used in the treatment of infant colic, increases lactation and promote menstruation. Commercially, the oils is used in soap, washes and perfumes.

10. Caraway

11. Botanical origin: Carus carvi Common Name: Carum, Caraway fruits Part used: Dried ripened fruit Habit: A biennial sub shrub Habitat: Native to Europe and Western Asia Cultivated in Germany, India and North Africa, Canada Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil. The major volatile oil is Carvone (65%). Other constituents are Fenchone, Sabine, Limonene, α -pinene, Carveol , Carvacrol, Dihydrocarveol and Myrcene.

12. Medicinal uses Aromatic Stimulant Carminative Flavoring agent Caraway oil has strong fungicidal action. Oil is also expectorant Drug is recommended in dyspepsia as a tonic, as stomachic, for flatulent indigestion

13. Coriander

14. Botanical origin: Coriander sativum Common Name: Fructus coriandri , coriander fruits Part used: Dried ripened fruit Habit: Annual herb Habitat: Cultivated in central and Eastern, Europe particularly in Russia, Africa, and India. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil. The major volatile oil is Linalool ( coriandrol ). Other constituents are Borneol, p-cymene, Limonene, α -pinene, Camphor, Geraniol, Malic acid, Tannic acid and linalool

15. Medicinal uses Aromatic Stimulant Carminative Flavoring agent Diaphoretic Oil is also expectorant Appetizer It is externally applied for the treatment of rheumatism, infusion for children's diarrhea, digestive upsets, anorexia and flatulence

16. Conium

17. Botanical origion : Conium maculatum Common Name: Poison hemlock Part used: Dried fully grown un-ripened fruit Habit: A biennial herb Habitat: Indigenous to Europe and cultivated in North and south America and in various parts of Asia Constituents: Mainly contain Alkaloid (Coniine). Other constituents are N-methyl coniine, γ - coniceine , Cohydrine and Pseudocohydrine

18. Medicinal uses Homeopathy (treat glandular enlargements, for instance, cancerous tumors, particularly in the breast). To cure nervous disorders accompanied by slowly progressing paralysis in the muscles that starts in the feet and moves upwards. Sedative Antispasmodic Sufficient doses acts as a paralyzer to the centers of motion. In its action it is, therefore, directly antagonistic to that of Strychnine, and hence it has been recommended as an antidote to Strychnine poisoning, and in other poisons of the same class, and in tetanus, hydrophobia

19. Asafoetida

20. Botanical origin: Ferula foetida , Ferula asafoetida Common Name: Gum asafetida, Devil's dung, Hing Part used: Oleogum resin obtained by incising the living rhizomes and roots Habit: Perennial branching herb Habitat: Indegenous to Iran and Afghanistan. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil 4-20% Pinene, Organic disulphides including isobutyl propanyl disulphide responsible for alliaceous odor. Other constituents include Resin 40-65% asaresinol ferulate , as ester of ferulic acid and asaresinol , free ferulic acid and a resene asaresene and Gum 25%

21. Medicinal uses Expectorant Carminative Antispasmodic Laxative