UN PEACE AND JUSTICE PRESENTAJTION IDEAL

Un peace and justice

1. Global Issues, Peace , Violent Extremism and the Role of the UN Week 8

2. UN – Terrorism and Violent extremism 26,000 people killed per year by ‘terrorism’. Rise of Al-Qaeda, IS, Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab, 18 th street gang, Azov Battalion, etc. The objective is not ‘recognition’ of ‘demands’ but ‘establishing empires’ As global as the peace efforts are Highly modernized and abusive – beyond control and contempt

3. Four Pillars of UN on Terrorism 9/11 – World Trade Center Conditions conducive to terrorism Preventing and combating terrorism Capacity building against terrorism Respecting HR while fighting terrorism From GWOT to SAVE – against violent extremism (preventive & combating)

4. UN – Terrorism and Violent extremism Focuses on political robustness Consensus-based interventions – political dialogues Differentiating between terrorism and violent extremism Limitations of the UN Diversity of the problem is too diverse for a central organization principle against it

5. The case of Mali Mali gained independence from France in 1960 The country is filled with conflicts and civil war with a lot of civilian causalities This is where the UN has been attacked a lot MINUSMA was placed in Mali in 2013 with the mandate of combating and countering terrorism, but: MINUSMA is in a terrorist-fighting situation without an anti-terrorist mandate or adequate training, equipment, logistics or intelligence to deal with such a situation

6. Cont … Working with regional organizations instead of Big-5s AU has been either mandating or implementing counter-terrorism operations to eradicate terrorism from Mali, Somalia, Niger, Chad, etc. It creates legitimacy both for the UN operations as well as countries’ responsiveness Holistic approaches Conundrum – war & peace at the same time

7. Climate Change

8. UN and the Climate Change 1992 , UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC ) 1997, Kyoto Protocol 2015 Paris Agreement 2022 COP 27 UNSC put up Climate Change as a security issue for the world in 2007 It is still an undecided matter if UNSC has mandate on Climate Change

9. Discussion Points How do you see the ‘selective action’ of the UN on matters of global concern? Terrorism or Climate Change? Global North or Global South? Who is responsible?