UNCRPD.pptx

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)

1. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)

2. Introduction The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), adopted in 2006 , is a landmark international treaty that aims to promote, protect, and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by persons with disabilities. This convention represents a significant step towards recognizing the rights and dignity of individuals with disabilities, emphasizing principles such as non-discrimination, inclusion, and accessibility across all aspects of society. The UNCRPD sets out a comprehensive framework for governments and organizations to create a more inclusive and equitable world for people with disabilities, spanning areas like education, employment, healthcare, and political participation. It has been ratified by numerous countries, signifying a global commitment to advancing the rights of persons with disabilities.

3. Background The history of international efforts to protect the rights of persons with disabilities can be traced back to the aftermath of World War II when the United Nations was established. The devastation of the war had left countless individuals with disabilities, and it became increasingly evident that the international community needed to address their unique needs and concerns. Early efforts led to the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons in 1975, followed by the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons in 1982 . However, there was a growing recognition of the need for a comprehensive and legally binding treaty specifically focused on the rights of persons with disabilities.
The CRPD negotiation process began in 2002 when the UN General Assembly established an Ad Hoc Committee to draft the convention. Over several years, governments, disability rights organizations, and advocates from around the world collaborated to draft and negotiate the text of the convention. This process aimed to ensure that the convention would reflect the diverse experiences and needs of persons with disabilities and promote their inclusion in all aspects of society.
After numerous rounds of negotiations and discussions, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the 13 December,2006 at the United Nation Headquarters in New York . The convention entered into force 3 May 2008.

4. Goals and objectives of UNCRPD Ending discrimination against persons with disabilities. Enabling persons with disabilities to live independently.
Making the education system more inclusive.
Making sure persons with disabilities are protected against all forms of abuse, violence and exploitation. A chief goal behind the treaty is to eliminate the idea that disabled people are objects of charity and reiterate the fact that they have equal rights as much as any other person in society.

5. To ensure that persons with disabilities have access to the physical environment, transportation, information, and communication on an equal basis with others. To raise awareness and promote understanding of disability issues to reduce stigma and discrimination. To promote international cooperation in supporting the rights of persons with disabilities, including technical assistance and capacity-building. To establish mechanisms for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Convention at the national and international levels. Goals and objectives of UNCRPD

6. Articles of UNCRPD Article 1: Purpose The purpose of the Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.

7. Article 2 ;Definitions “Communication ” encompasses various forms such as languages, written and spoken text, Braille, tactile methods, large print, accessible multimedia, plain language, human readers, and augmentative and alternative modes. This includes accessible information and communication technology.
“ Language ” includes spoken, signed languages, and other non-spoken communication methods. “ Discrimination based on disability ” refers to any distinction, exclusion, or restriction that aims to hinder or negate the equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms in various aspects of life, including politics, economics, social interactions, culture, civil rights, and more. This encompasses all types of discrimination, including the denial of reasonable accommodations.
“ Reasonable accommodation ” means necessary and appropriate modifications and adjustments, as long as they don’t impose an undue or disproportionate burden, to ensure that individuals with disabilities can enjoy their human rights and freedoms on an equal basis with others. “Universal design ” refers to designing products, environments, programs, and services in a way that they can be used by everyone to the greatest extent possible without requiring specialized adaptations. However, this concept doesn’t exclude the use of assistive devices when necessary for specific groups of individuals with disabilities.

8. Article 3; General principles Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence of persons;
Non-discrimination;
Full and effective participation and inclusion in society;
Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity and humanity;
Equality of opportunity;
Accessibility;
Equality between men and women;
Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities.

9. Article 4; General Obligations States Parties undertake to ensure and promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability. To take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination on the basis of disability by any person, organization or private enterprise. To undertake or promote research and development of, and to promote the availability and use of new technologies, including information and communications technologies, mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies, suitable for persons with disabilities, giving priority to technologies at an affordable cost. To promote the training of professionals and staff working with persons with disabilities in the rights recognized in the present Convention so as to better provide the assistance and services guaranteed by those rights.

10. Article 5; Equality And Non-Discrimination Countries agree that everyone is equal under the law and that discrimination against disabled people will not be allowed. In order to promote equality and eliminate discrimination, States Parties shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided. Countries shall Guarantee to persons with disabilities equal and effective legal protection against discrimination on all grounds.

11. Article 6; Women With Disabilities States Parties recognize that women and girls with disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination, and in this regard shall take measures to ensure the full and equal enjoyment by them of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the full development, advancement and empowerment of women, for the purpose of guaranteeing them the exercise and enjoyment of the human rights and fundamental freedoms set out in the present Convention.

12. Article 7; Children With Disabilities Countries agree that disabled children have the same rights as other children and are treated equally with others. In all actions concerning children with disabilities, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Countries agree that disabled children have the right to be heard in all things that can affect them in their lives. Support will be given to children to help make this happen.

13. Article 8 ; Awareness-rai sing To raise awareness throughout society, including at the family level, regarding persons with disabilities, and to foster respect for the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. To promote awareness of the capabilities and contributions of persons with disabilities. To promote positive perceptions and greater social awareness towards persons with disabilities;
To promote recognition of the skills, merits and abilities of persons with disabilities, and of their contributions to the workplace and the labour market;
Fostering at all levels of the education system, including in all children from an early age, an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities;
Encouraging all organs of the media to portray persons with disabilities in a manner consistent with the purpose of the present Convention;
Promoting awareness-training programmes regarding persons with disabilities and the rights of persons with disabilities. Article 8 ; Awareness-raising

14. Article 9; Accessibility To enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation , to information and communications, including information and communications technologies and systems, and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, both in urban and in rural areas. Buildings, roads, transportation and other indoor and outdoor facilities, including schools, housing, medical facilities and workplaces; Information, communications and other services, including electronic services and emergency services.

15. Article 10 ; Right to Life Countries reaffirm that every human being has the inherent right to life and shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective enjoyment by persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others.

16. Article 11: Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies Countries must take all necessary measures to ensure the protection and safety of all persons with disabilities in situations of risk, including armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies, and natural disasters. Article 12: Equal recognition before the law People with disabilities have the right to recognition as persons before the law. People with disabilities have legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life. Countries must take appropriate measures to provide support to people with disabilities so that they can effectively exercise their legal capacity. Article 13: Access to justice People with disabilities have the right to effective access to justice on an equal basis with others, including through the provision of appropriate accommodations.  

17. Article 14: Liberty and security of person People with disabilities have the right to liberty and security of person on an equal basis with others. The existence of disability alone cannot be used to justify the deprivation of liberty. Article 15: Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment People with disabilities have the right to be free from torture and from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. No one shall be subjected to medical or scientific experimentation without his or her free consent. Article 16: Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse People with disabilities have the right to be protected from all forms of exploitation, violence, and abuse, including their gender-based aspects, within and outside the home.

18. Article 17: Protecting the integrity of the person Every person with disabilities has a right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity on an equal basis with others. Article 18: Liberty of movement and nationality People with disabilities have the right to a nationality. Children with disabilities have the right to a name and to know and be cared for by their parents. Article 19: Living independently and being included in the community People with disabilities have the right to live independently in the community. Countries must ensure that people with disabilities have the opportunity to choose where they live and with whom they live, and that they are provided with the support necessary to do this. Article 20: Personal mobility Countries must take effective and appropriate measures to ensure personal mobility for people with disabilities in the manner and time of their choice, and at affordable cost. People with disabilities also have the right to access quality mobility aids, assistive technologies and forms of live assistance and intermediaries.

19. Article 17: Protecting the integrity of the person Every person with disabilities has a right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity on an equal basis with others. Article 18: Liberty of movement and nationality People with disabilities have the right to a nationality. Children with disabilities have the right to a name and to know and be cared for by their parents. Article 19: Living independently and being included in the community People with disabilities have the right to live independently in the community. Countries must ensure that people with disabilities have the opportunity to choose where they live and with whom they live, and that they are provided with the support necessary to do this. Article 20: Personal mobility Countries must take effective and appropriate measures to ensure personal mobility for people with disabilities in the manner and time of their choice, and at affordable cost. People with disabilities also have the right to access quality mobility aids, assistive technologies and forms of live assistance and intermediaries.

20. Article 21: Freedom of expression and opinion, and access to information People with disabilities have the right to express themselves, including the freedom to give and receive information and ideas through all forms of communication, including through accessible formats and technologies, sign languages, Braille, augmentative and alternative communication, mass media and all other accessible means of communication. Article 22: Respect for privacy People with disabilities have the right to privacy. Information about people with disabilities including personal information and information about their health should be protected. Article 23: Respect for home and the family People with disabilities have the right to marry and to found a family. Countries must provide effective and appropriate support to people with disabilities in bringing up children, and provide alternative care to children with disabilities where the immediate family is unable to care for them.

21. Article 24: Education 1) People with disabilities have a right to education without discrimination. Countries must ensure that people with disabilities can access an inclusive, quality and free primary and secondary education in their own community. 2) The full development of human potential and sense of dignity and self-worth, and the strengthening of respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms, and human diversity; 3) Facilitating the learning of sign language and the promotion of the linguistic identity of the deaf community; 4) States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities are able to access general tertiary education, vocational training, adult education, and lifelong learning without discrimination and on an equal basis with others.

22. Article 24: Education 5) Countries must also provide reasonable accommodation and individualized support to maximize academic and social development. 6) Educators should receive training on inclusive teaching practices and how to work effectively with students with disabilities. This helps create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment. 7) Educational materials, including textbooks and digital resources, should be made accessible to students with disabilities. 8) Governments and educational institutions should establish mechanisms to monitor and enforce disability education rights, ensuring that they are upheld in practice.

23. Article 25: Health People with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination. Countries must take all appropriate measures, including measures that are gender-sensitive, to ensure that people with disabilities have access to the same range, quality and standard of health care that is available to everyone else, and which are close to people’s own communities. Article 26: Habilitation and rehabilitation Countries must take effective and appropriate measures to enable people with disabilities to develop, attain and maintain maximum ability, independence, and participation through the provision of habilitation and rehabilitation services and programs. Article 27: Work and employment People with disabilities have the right to work, including the right to work in an environment that is open, inclusive and accessible. Countries must take appropriate steps to promote employment opportunities and career advancement for people with disabilities.

24. Article 28: Adequate standard of living and social protection People with disabilities have the right to an adequate standard of living including food, water, clothing and housing, and to effective social protection including poverty reduction and public housing programs. Article 29: Participation in political and public life People with disabilities have the right to participate in politics and in public affairs, as well as to vote and to be elected. Article 30: Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport People with disabilities have the right to take part in cultural life on an equal basis with others, including access to cultural materials, performances and services, and to recreational, leisure and sporting activities.

25. Article 31: Statistics and data collection Countries must collect information about people with disabilities, with the active involvement of people with disabilities, so that they can better understand the barriers they experience and make the Convention rights real. Article 32 - International cooperation States Parties recognize the importance of international cooperation and its promotion, in support of national efforts for the realization of the purpose and objectives of the present Convention, and will undertake appropriate and effective measures in this regard, between and among States and, as appropriate, in partnership with relevant international and regional organizations and civil society, in particular organizations of persons with disabilities. Article 33 - National implementation and monitoring States Parties must designate focal points within their governments for implementing the Convention, considering coordination mechanisms across sectors. They must maintain a framework to promote, protect, and monitor its implementation, considering national institutions' status and functioning. Civil society, particularly persons with disabilities, must be fully involved in the monitoring process.

26. Article 34 - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities There shall be established a Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereafter referred to as "the Committee"), which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided. The Committee shall consist, at the time of entry into force of the present Convention, of twelve experts. After an additional sixty ratifications or accessions to the Convention, the membership of the Committee shall increase by six members, attaining a maximum number of eighteen members. Article 35 - Reports by States Parties Each State Party shall submit to the Committee, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, a comprehensive report on measures taken to give effect to its obligations under the present Convention and on the progress made in that regard, within two years after the entry into force of the present Convention for the State Party concerned. Thereafter, States Parties shall submit subsequent reports at least every four years and further whenever the Committee so requests.

27. Article 36 - Consideration of reports Each report shall be considered by the Committee, which shall make such suggestions and general recommendations on the report as it may consider appropriate and shall forward these to the State Party concerned. The State Party may respond with any information it chooses to the Committee. The Committee may request further information from States Parties relevant to the implementation of the present Convention. States Parties shall make their reports widely available to the public in their own countries and facilitate access to the suggestions and general recommendations relating to these reports. Article 37 - Cooperation between States Parties and the Committee Each State Party shall cooperate with the Committee and assist its members in the fulfilment of their mandate. In its relationship with States Parties, the Committee shall give due consideration to ways and means of enhancing national capacities for the implementation of the present Convention, including through international cooperation.

28. Article 38 – Relationship of the Committee with other bodies In order to foster the effective implementation of the present Convention and to encourage international cooperation in the field covered by the present Convention: The specialized agencies and other United Nations organs shall be entitled to be represented at the consideration of the implementation of such provisions of the present Convention as fall within the scope of their mandate. Article 39 - Report of the Committee The Committee shall report every two years to the General Assembly and to the Economic and Social Council on its activities, and may make suggestions and general recommendations based on the examination of reports and information received from the States Parties. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be included in the report of the Committee together with comments, if any, from States Parties. Article 40 - Conference of States Parties The States Parties shall meet regularly in a Conference of States Parties in order to consider any matter with regard to the implementation of the present Convention. No later than six months after the entry into force of the present Convention, the Conference of the States Parties shall be convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

29. Article 40 - Conference of States Parties ● The States Parties shall meet regularly in a Conference of States Parties in order to consider any matter with regard to the implementation of the present Convention. ● No later than six months after the entry into force of the present Convention, the Conference of the States Parties shall be convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 41 - Depositary The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of the present Convention. Article 42 - Signature The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States and by regional integration organizations at United Nations Headquarters in New York as of 30 March 2007.

30. Article 43 - Consent to be bound The present Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States and to formal confirmation by signatory regional integration organizations. It shall be open for accession by any State or regional integration organization which has not signed the Convention. Article 44 - Regional Integration Organizations Such organizations shall declare, in their instruments of formal confirmation or accession, the extent of their competence with respect to matters governed by this Convention. Article 45 - Entry into force The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession. For each State or regional integration organization ratifying, formally confirming or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twentieth such instrument, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit of its own such instrument.

31. Article 46 - Reservations Reservations incompatible with the object and purpose of the present Convention shall not be permitted. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time. Article 47 - Amendments State Parties can propose amendments to the Convention and submit them to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General will inform States Parties and request their support for a conference. If at least one-third of States Parties support a conference, the Secretary-General will convene it. If approved, the amendment will be submitted to the General Assembly for approval and accepted by all States Parties. Amendments will be binding only on those accepted by the States Parties.

32. Article 48 - Denunciation A State Party may denounce the present Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The denunciation shall become effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General. Article 49 - Accessible format The text of the present Convention shall be made available in accessible formats. Article 50 - Authentic texts The Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts of the present Convention shall be equally authentic. In witness thereof the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present Convention.

33. Ratification of UNCRPD There are 187 countries that have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). This means that these countries have agreed to uphold the rights and freedoms of people with disabilities as set out in the Convention. The first country to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) was Mexico, on 30 March 2007, the day it was opened for signature. Mexico was followed by 81 other countries on the same day. The UNCRPD entered into force on 3 May 2008, after it had been ratified by 20 countries.

34. RATIFICATION IN ASIAN COUNTRY There are 43 countries in Asia that have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Some of these are: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,Bangladesh , Bhutan, China,India , Iran, Iraq,Japan , kuwait , United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Malaysia etc. There are 4 Asian countries that have not ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). These are: Brunei,North Korea,Laos,Turkmenistan

35. Ratification in European Country There are 27 European countries that have ratified the UNCRPD. Some of these are: Albania,Austria,Belgium,Croatia,Finland,France,Germany,Luxembourg,Malta,Portugal,Spain,Sw eden,Switzerland etc. There are 2 European countries that have not ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). These are: Liechtenstein,Monaco Liechtenstein signed the UNCRPD on March 30, 2007, but has not yet ratified it. Monaco signed the UNCRPD on September 25, 2008, but has also not yet ratified it.

36. Ratification in American Country There are 25 American countries that have ratified the UNCRPD. Some of these are: Argentina,Bahamas,Bolivia,Brazil,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Cuba,Ecuador,Mexico,Panama,Para guay,Peru,Uruguay etc. There are two American countries that have not ratified the UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities). These are:The United States,Palau .

37. Ratification in African Country There are 52 African countries that have ratified the UNCRPD. Some of these are : Algeria,Benin,Cameroon , Congo, Djibouti,Egypt,Ethiopia,Ghana,Kenya,Mali,Nigeria,Senegal,South Africa, Zimbabwe There are two african countries that have not ratified the UNCRPD.These are Somalia,South sudan .

38. Ratification in Australian/ Ocenian Country There is no Australian or Oceanian country that has not ratified the UNCRPD. All 14 countries in Oceania have ratified the convention. These are:Australia,Cook Islands,Fiji,Nauru,New Zealand,Samoa,Tonga etc.

39. Impact of UNCRPD Accessibility: The UNCRPD has led to increased accessibility for people with disabilities in many areas, such as transportation, public buildings, and information and communication technologies. For example, many countries have adopted laws requiring public transportation to be accessible to people with disabilities, and many websites and apps have been made accessible to people with vision or hearing impairments. Education: The UNCRPD has also led to increased access to education for people with disabilities. Many countries have adopted laws requiring inclusive education, which means that children with disabilities are educated in the same schools as children without disabilities. This has helped to break down barriers and create more opportunities for people with disabilities to participate fully in society

40. Employment: The UNCRPD has also called for increased employment opportunities for people with disabilities. Many countries have adopted laws prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, and some countries have also implemented quotas for people with disabilities in the workforce. Healthcare: The UNCRPD has also led to improvements in healthcare for people with disabilities. Many countries have adopted laws requiring universal healthcare, which means that people with disabilities have the same access to healthcare as everyone else. The UNCRPD has also helped to raise awareness of the specific healthcare needs of people with disabilities. Participation in society: The UNCRPD has also promoted the participation of people with disabilities in all aspects of society. This includes the right to vote, the right to hold public office, and the right to participate in cultural and sporting activities. The UNCRPD has also helped to raise awareness of the importance of including people with disabilities in decision-making processes.

41. Here are some more specific examples of the impact of the UNCRPD: ##In India, the UNCRPD has been used to challenge the practice of forced sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities. In 2018, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the practice was a violation of the UNCRPD and ordered the government to stop it. ##In Mexico, the UNCRPD has been used to improve access to education for children with disabilities. In 2016, the government passed a law requiring all schools to be accessible to children with disabilities. ##In Brazil, the UNCRPD has been used to improve access to healthcare for people with disabilities. In 2015, the government launched a program to provide free hearing aids to people with hearing impairments. ##In South Africa, the UNCRPD has been used to improve the participation of people with disabilities in political and social life. In 2014, the government passed a law requiring all political parties to have a quota of 2% of candidates with disabilities.

42. United Nation Convention on the right of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) is Ratified by Bangladesh Government.

43. National Education Policy 2010 The National Education Policy 2010 was formally approved by the Parliament of Bangladesh in December 2010 which is a revised form of NEP2000. The new education policy of Bangladesh follow the declaration of UNCRPD. This policy is another official commitment of the government towards inclusive education. Though, No specific guidelines have been given for inclusion of them. Instead, in some statements, ‘special education provision’ is suggested for the education of the children with special needs.

44. Main objectives of NEP-2010 for diverse learners The NEP highlights the education for diverse learners within its main objectives as follows: Bringing all socio-economically disadvantaged children into education including street children; Ensuring the scopes of development of cultural and linguistic characteristics of all the indigenous [[and ethnic groups in Bangladesh; Ensuring the rights of all children with disabilities

45. National Education Policy 2010 Chapter 1: Aims and Objectives of Education NEP 2010 mentioned to remove socio-economic discrimination irrespective of race, religion and creed and to eradicate gender disparity. Side by side it suggested to create unhindered and equal opportunities of education for all as per learners. UNCRPD Article:3,5,24 are referred for nondiscrimination and equal opportunity. Chapter 2: Pre-Primary and Primary Education Facilitate learning of indigenous and ethnic groups in their mother languages when they are at primary level Ensure equal opportunities for all kinds of disabled and underprivileged children Ensure the availability of teachers from ethnic groups UNCRPD Article:5, 7, 24 are referred for right of ethnic community and disabled and underprivileged child.

46. National Education Policy 2010 Chapter 4: Secondary Education Alleviate discriminations among various socio-economic, ethnic and socially disadvantaged children. Provide special facilities to the schools that are in disadvantaged area. UNCRPD Article:4,9 are referred for providing special facilities. Chapter 16: Women's Education Extend girls participation in institutional education and reduce girls’ dropout rate from schools UNCRPD Article:5,6 are referred for focusing woman education and woman with disabilities.

47. National Education Policy 2010 Chapter 18:Special Education, Health and Physical Education, Scout, Girls’ Guide Include students with special needs (handicapped) in the mainstream education Provide special education to acutely handicapped children with physical or mental disability UNCRPD Article:7,9 are referred for providing accessibility of mainstreaming. Chapter 24: Teachers’ Training Increase teachers’ efficiency in using strategies for educational innovation; Encourage teachers to teach all students irrespective of religion, race and socioeconomic conditions maintaining equal opportunities Assist teachers to acquire efficiency to deliver lessons to students from disadvantaged and ethnic community and disabled learners by considering their special (learning) needs UNCRPD Article:1,3,4,8,24 are referred to increase teacher efficiency for diverse learner.

48. Persons with Disabilities Rights & Protection Act 2013 United Nations Convention on The Right of persons with Disabilities is ratified by Bangladesh Government through Persons with Disabilities Right & Protection Act 2013. The Parliament members and the President of Bangladesh passed the Persons with Disabilities Rights and Protection Act 2013 on 9 October 2013.

49. TYPES OF DISABILITY ( Section-3,4-15 in PDRP Act2013) Autism: Autism is a difficulty in development of brain growth that reveals itself within six months to three years of a child being born. Persons with autism can appear extremely excited and often display unnatural physical gestures. Physical Disability : Physical disability refers to a person who does not have one or both hands or legs, or is partly or fully paralyzed in hand or leg function and/or cannot balance themselves without support. Psychosocial Disability: Psychosocial refers to schizophrenia or other disabilities such as clinical depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress, anxiety or phobic disorders that prevent persons from engaging in daily activities. Visual Impaired: According to this Act, there are 3 different kinds of visual disabilities: 1) Fully Visual: No visual function in both eyes.2) Partially Visual: One eye is completely sightless or blind. 3) Indistinct Visual: is considered as insufficient blindness.

50. Speech Disability : According to this Act, persons with speech disabilities cannot speak well due to difficulties in the palate. Intellectual Disability: According to this Act, Intellectual Disability refers to the incapability of doing something on the basis of age and cognitive ability that create barriers to work efficiently. Hearing Disability: This refers to the incapability of hearing below 60 decibels (dB) The three kinds of hearing disabilities are:1) Totally Inaudible 2) Partially Inaudible 3) Weaken Inaudible. Hearing-Visual Disability(deaf-blindness): Hearing-visual disability refers to persons who are incapable of hearing fully or partially, as well as incapable of seeing fully or partially.

51. Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral palsy refers to the incapability to function generally, or the limitation of performing daily activities due to brain damage. Down Syndrome: This is a disability passing from generation to generation where the 21st pair of chromosomes has an extra chromosome, which weakens the muscular system, and develops short stature and a circular face. Multiple Disabilities: Multiple disabilities refers to having more than one disability.

52. Rights of persons with disabilities (Section-16 in PDRP Act2013) Fully alive and developed. Equal lawful recognition and justice . Rights of inheritance. Freedom of expression, opinion and information. Parent, legitimate or lawful guardian, marriage life, children and leading family life. Accessibility. Active participation in social, economic and national levels according to the types of disability. In all levels of education, favorable facilities in the institution and participation in general and coeducation . Employment at Government and Non-Government Organizations. Getting compensation for disability during employment or getting back the position. Getting health care . Legal facilities and necessary environment for education as well as place of employment.

53. 13. Well protection and facilities of safe and healthy environment free from suppression. 14. Access to all social facilities (e.g. assisting services and rehabilitation) for persons with disabilities including physical, psychosocial and artistic skills 15. Dependents who are persons with disabilities have safe residence or rehabilitation after being separated from family. Participation in culture, entertainment, tourism, leisure and sports. Receiving Bengali Sign Language when requested by persons who are Deaf and hearing. Privacy of personal information. Creation of autonomous organizations and welfare council or association and administer. Getting national Identification, enrollment into election, and being able to vote and participate in elections. Any other rights given by the Government according to the ordinance.

54. Education Related Rights of persons with disabilities (Section-16 in PDRP Act2013) 6.Accessibility: This act give the right of accessibility in any educational institute or cultural, social organization. If anybody try to give barriers to the path of their admission or entry process , he will be punished. Any persons with disabilities must give the opportunity like a normal person and he should treated normally. 8.In all levels of education, favorable facilities in the institution and participation in general and coeducation: It refers to the physical infrastructure and amenities available within an educational institution, such as a school, college, or university, that contribute to a positive and conducive learning environment. These facilities are designed to support the educational process and enhance the overall educational experience for students.

55. Education Related Rights of persons with disabilities (Section-16 in PDRP Act2013) 12.Legal facilities and necessary environment for education as well as place of employment: Creating a legal and conducive environment for education and employment is crucial for the overall development of a society. It involves a combination of laws, regulations, policies, and infrastructure to ensure that individuals have access to quality education and fair employment opportunities. Receiving Bengali Sign Language when requested by persons who are Deaf and hearing: Providing Bengali Sign Language (BSL) interpretation or accessibility services when requested by individuals who are Deaf or hard of hearing is essential to ensure their inclusion and equal participation in various aspects of society, including education, employment, healthcare, and public services.

56. Punishment: In section 37 of PDRP Act 2013 mentioned 7year imprisonment and 5lakh BDT fine or both punishment can be introduced as highest punishment for breaking the act. Public transport and seat reservation: 5% seat must be distributed for disabled person . If any bus owner and conductor don’t maintain the rule mentioned in the PDRP Act2013, he will be punished for this. Negative expression and comment through textbook and publication: Any types of comment and negative expression about a disable persona is punishable. According to PDRP Act 2013 , 3year imprisonment and 5lakh BDT or both punishment charged for this case.