UNDERGROUND MINING presentation by final year students

Mining engineering final year presentation

1. BRANCH : MINING ENGINEERING
HOD : YOGANANDA SIR
PRINCIPAL : H K SHANKARAANAND SIR
COHERT OWNER : 1. MALLESHWARAGOWDA SIR
2. PRASHANTH M P SIR
3. SRIHARI SIR

2. PRESENTATION ON
UNDERGROUND MINING

3. PRESENTED BY :
5
th
SEM
MINING ENGINEERING
B-BATCH

4. INTRODUCTION
Underground mining is a technique used to access ores
and valuable minerals in the ground by digging into the
ground to extract them in an economical way.
Underground mining is carried out when the rocks,
minerals, or precious stones are located at a distance far
beneath the ground and it is not economical to be
extracted with surface mining.

5. WHEN WE GO FOR UNDERGROUND MINING
•The ore deposit is deep.
•Grade is high enough to mine profitably.
•Where surface mining is not economical.
•Certain conditions which surface mining is not permissible such as:
•If there is reserve forest.
•If there is river flowing beside
•If there is habitation area.

6. METHODS OF WORKING
Depending upon the type of rock the method of working will be chosen.
Underground Mining Methods are usually classified into two categories
which are as follows:
1.Underground Mining (Hard Rock).
2. Underground Mining (Soft Rock).

7. UNDERGROUND MINING ( HARD ROCK)
Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to
excavate hard minerals such as those containing metals like gold, copper, zinc, nickel and lead
or gems such as diamonds.
Underground Gold Mine (Hard Rock) Photo from:www.google.com/images

8. UNDERGROUND MINING (SOFT ROCK)
Underground mining (soft rock) refer to a group of underground mining techniques used to
extract minerals such as: coal, oil shale, Salt, Uranium, Phosphate and other minerals or
geological materials from sedimentary ("soft rocks"). Because deposits in sedimentary rocks
are commonly layered and relatively less hard.
Underground coal mine (soft rock) photo from: www.google.com/image

9. METHODS APPLICATIONS FOR HARD -ROCK
MINING
Based on Hard Rocks Underground Mining methods can be classified as follows:
•Short-bole and Long-hole Underground Mining Methods.
•Selective and Unselective Underground Mining Methods.
•Supported and Unsupported Underground Mining Methods.

10. METHODS APPLICATIONS FOR SOFT -ROCK
MINING
Based on the Soft Rocks Underground Mining methods can be classified as follows:
•Longwall Mining Method.
•Shortwall Mining Method.
•Room and Pillar Mining Method.
•Blasting Gallery Mining Method.
•Coal skimming Mining Method.

11. UNDERGROUND ACCESS
In order to access underground ore minerals removal
of overburden is required which can be done in any
of these three ways:
1.Vertical shaft.
2.Decline (or) Ramp
3.Adit

12. ORE ACCESS
Levels are excavated horizontally from decline or shaft to access the ore body.
Stopes are then excavated perpendicular (or near perpendicular) to the level into
the ore.

13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MACHINERY AND TRANSPORT
SYSTEM USED IN UNDERGROUND MINES
➢Continues Miner.
➢UDM(Universal Drill Machine).
➢LHD(Load Haul Dumper).
➢Shuttle Cars.
➢Belt conveyors
➢Chain conveyors.
➢ Rope haulages.
➢Locomotives.

14. Manual Drilling Drilling with UDM
Photos from: www.google.com/images

15. LHD(Load Haul Dumper)

16. Conveyors
Photos from: www.google.com/images

17. SUPPORT SYSTEM IN UNDERGROUND MINES
Based on the characteristic
of rock, systems of supports
maybe chosen, some types
of supports are as follows:
1. Chocks
2. Props
3. Hydraulic supports
4. Roof belting Roof
5. Stitching
6. Steel arch

18. VENTILATION
Underground mine ventilation provides a flow
of air to the underground workings of a mine of
sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust
and noxious gases typically (NOx, SO2,
methane, CO2 and CO) and to regulate
temperature. The source of these gases are
equipment that runs on diesel engines, blasting
with explosives, and the orebody itself. The
largest component of the operating cost for
mine ventilation is electricity to power the
ventilation fans, which may account for one
third of a typical underground mine's entire
electrical power cost

19. HANDLING OF WATER
•Drinking Water :
•Mine water :

20. ADVANTAGES OF UNDERGROUND MINING
1. Only ore can be extracted and waste rock is left behind.
2. Suitable and economical for deep seated Narrow mineral deposits.
3. Less waste material is generated so noiseless of dump management. Vegetation and a
agriculture land due to mining activities.
4. Very less loss of 5. Less pollution of surface water bodies is very low.
6. Grade control is easy.

21. DISADVANTAGES OF UNDERGROUND
MINING
1. Large scale mechanization is not possible.
2. Illumination (lighting) has to be provided.
3. Ventilation (supply of air) has to be provided.
4. Roof supports or bolting is required.
5. Surface subsidence is a problem.
6. Danger of mine gases and mine explosions.
7. Roof collapses and flooding/inundation are issues.

22. FIVE LARGEST UNDERGROUND MINES IN
INDIA 2021
Mine Name
•Rampura Agucha Mine
•Jhanjra Mines
•Sindesar Khurd Mine
•Zawar Mine
•Adriyala Shaft Project
Production
3.86
3.24
2.96
2.72
2.13

23. CONCLUSIONS
➢Underground mining is more ecofriendly than surface mining and it could be
carried out when the ore deposits are at a higher depth and the various methods
are applicable for extraction of different minerals such as coal, gold, copper, iron,
salt, diamond, etc. in an economical way.
➢We should keep in mind that Underground mining is more Hazardous than surface
mining. Noxious gases are present hence we need to take precautions. In
underground mining arrangement should be taken for lighting, ventilation, support
systems, dewatering, etc.
➢ In Underground mines we can use low and permitted explosives only.

24. REFERENCE
1.http://www.howstuffworks.com.
2.http://www.google.com.
3.http://www.google.com/images.
4.http://www.Wikipedia.org.

25. Thank you
Do you have any questions?