Understanding Culture Society and Poltics

This PPT discusses a variety of issues ranging from culture up to politics. It helps to understand the society in general.

1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

2. 2 Heavenly Father and to your Beloved Son Jesus Christ, We thank you for giving us another life, We thank you for another Beautiful Morning. As we go on through our lessons today, May you make us instruments to do good things. Please enlighten our minds, Give us strength to participate in our subject today. Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve others, and help us to always remember the TRUTH of Your GLORY! In Jesus’ name. Amen

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES To define culture, society, and politics Articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and political identities Analyze social, political, and cultural change. 3

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5. LET’S HAVE SOME EXERCISES 5

6. QUESTION#1 “DUBBED AS THE QUEEN CITY OF THE SOUTH”? 6

7. QUESTION#2 “THE NAME INTRAMUROS IN ENGLISH MEANS? 7

8. QUESTION#3 WHEN IS THE CELEBRATION OF OUR INDEPENDENCE 8

9. QUESTION#4 WHEN WAS THE EXECUTION OF DR. RIZAL TOOK PLACE? 9

10. QUESTION#5 FORMERLY KNOWN AS BAGUMBAYAN ? 10

11. QUESTION#6 KNOWN AS THE THREE MARTYR PRIESTS? 11

12. QUESTION#7 BIRTHPLACE OF OUR NATIONAL HERO? 12

13. QUESTION#8 WHAT ARE THE 3 MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE PHIL GOVT? 13

14. QUESTION#9 TWO FAMOUS NOVELS OF DR. RIZAL? 14

15. QUESTION#10 DR. RIZAL’S COMPLETE NAME? 15

16. BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE 16

17. SOCIOLOGY Is the scientific study of a society-its origin, development, and functions. Derived from the Latin term “Socius” means companion or associate, and from the Greek word “Logos” means study of science 17

18. ANTHROPOLOGY Dubbed as the “Science of Humanity”. Is the study of human beings, their origin, their societies, and their culture. As a science it is concerned with human behavior, biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics including past and present species. 18

19. FOUR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY Archeology (prehistory) Biological anthropology Linguistic anthropology Cultural anthropology 19

20. Archeology – Is devoted to studying the life ways of past cultures by examining material remains. Recover information about human cultures by studying material samples. 20

21. LAGUNA COPPER PLATE 21

22. MANUNGGUL JAR 22

23. Biological Anthropology – Deals with topics ranging from evolutionary theory up to the identification of human skeletal remains. 23

24. Linguistic Anthropology – An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of language, its nature, even its nuances 24

25. Cultural Anthropology – Is devoted to studying how cultures differ from or resemble to one another and why and how cultural differences influence another. 25

26. LOTUS FEET 26

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28. POLITICAL SCIENCE Is the study of State, Government, and Politics Is a social science regarding the theory and practice of politics, the analysis of political systems, and the study of political behavior. 28

29. CULTURE 29

30. Is a complex whole which includes belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Edward Taylor 1871) 30

31. FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE It offers specific ways for people to meet general biological needs or drives. We do not have to figure out how to meet basic needs, accomplish tasks, or interpret the world for we can rely on traditions of our ancestors. 31

32. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Material Culture – It consists of physical creations that members of society make, use, and share. Non-material Culture - Consists of abstract or intangible human creations of society that influences people’s behavior. 32

33. COMPONENTS OF CULTURE Gestures Language Values Norms Mores (pronounced as “mor-ays”) Folkways Laws Sanctions 33

34. CULTURAL INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION Innovation – Takes place when new idea or object is introduced to a culture. a. Discovery – Learning about something previously unknown b. Invention – Combination of or use of existing knowledge to produce something that did not exist before. 34

35. Diffusion – Is the process by which culture items or social practices spread from one society to another. (McDonalization) 35

36. EXPLAINING CULTURES The Ecological View – People create culture as a means of adapting to their environment. Functionalist Perspectives – Analyzing culture by looking for the functions they perform, effects they have, in maintaining order in a society 36

37. Conflict Perspectives – It is based on the assumption that social life is a continuous struggle in which members of powerful groups seeks to control scarce resources. 37

38. VARIATIONS AMONG CULTURE Ethnocentrism – It is based on the assumption that one’s own way of life is superior to all others. (It can lead to ridicule and stereotyping.) Example: Hitler’s annihilation of Jews Cultural Relativism – Recognition that one culture cannot be arbitrarily judged by the standards of another. 38

39. Xenocentrism – Is the belief that the products, styles, or ideas of one society are inferior to those that originated elsewhere. (Colonial Mentality of some Filipinos). 39

40. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture is learned It is shared It is dynamic 40

41. ENCULTURATION DEFINED Is the process of learning our own culture, values and norms appropriate to the said culture. (i.e. adaptation of Christian liturgy to a non-Christian cultural background) It molds a person into an acceptable member of society. 41

42. ACTIVITY#2 42

43. DIRECTIONS: Write your name inside the circle Write the information of yourself in the 4 spaces 1. Gender 2. Socio-economic class 3. Ethnicity 4. Religion 43

44. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS What are the similarities and differences of every individual? Do these similarities and differences affect the life of the whole community? 44

45. BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY 45

46. Refers to a population of people that is organized in a cooperative manner to carry out major functions of life, including reproduction, sustenance, shelter, defense and occupies the same territory, subject to the same political authority and participates in a common culture. 46

47. SOCIETY INVOLVES Social (actions and interactions) Cultural (practices and traditions) Political (power relations) 47

48. SOCIAL STRUCTURE Refers to the recurring patterns of behavior that people create through their interactions, exchange of information, and their relationships. It is essential in creating maintaining order and predictability. 48

49. COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE Status Roles Groups Institutions 49

50. Status – Is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. a. Ascribed status – Assigned to someone by society without regard for the person’s talents/characteristics. 50

51. b. Achieved status – Comes to us largely through our own efforts. c. Master status – Is a social position that is exceptionally powerful in determining individual identity. 51

52. Role – Consists of the norms associated with a particular status. (i.e. Gang member, Professor) Group – Collection of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations regarding one another’s behavior. 52

53. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 53

54. Institutions – Is a set of widely shared beliefs, norms, or procedures necessary for meeting the basic needs of society. The most important institutions are: family, education, religion, economy, and politics. 54

55. Family – Is a social institution found in all societies that unite people in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children. a. Kinship b. Family unit c. Family of orientation d. Family of procreation 55

56. Education – Another social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure. 56

57. Religion – Is a system of beliefs and practices based on some sacred or supernatural realm that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a single moral community. 57

58. Economy – A social institution organized around the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services. Goods – Are tangible objects that are both necessary and desired. Services – Are tangible activities for which people are willing to pay . 58

59. Politics – Is the power relations in a society and a reality of everyday life. Who gets what, how, when, and why? 59

60. SOCIALIZATION A process that teaches individuals to become a functioning human beings who must fit into a number of groups and be productive members of a society. A lifelong process that starts at birth and ends at death. 60

61. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIALIZATION Nature versus Nurture – How much of our behavior is determined by genetic inheritance and how much is determined by the environment or culture in which we live or learn. 61

62. THE INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE The Development of Self – Socialization takes place in social relationships where even children are active participants. 62

63. THE LOOKING GLASS SELF Refers to the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perception of others. (Charles H. Cooley) It is based on our perception of “HOW” other people think of us. 63

64. THE 3 STEP PROCESS We imagine how our personality and appearance will look to other people. We imagine how other people judge the appearance and personality we present. We develop a self-concept. 64

65. ROLE-TAKING BY GEORGE H. MEAD He argued that the development of self-awareness traces its roots to early social interaction. (i.e. infants). Their actions influence how others behave towards them. 65

66. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Family School Peer Group Mass Media Workplace 66

67. SOCIALIZATION THROUGH LIFE COURSE Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Early adulthood Middle adulthood Old age 67

68. BELIEF 68

69. According to the Oxford Dictionary, It is a feeling of being certain that something exists or is true. Something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion Feeling of uncertainty that something exists, is true or is good. 69

70. Saying ‘tabi-tabi po’ out loud in nature Turn your shirt inside-out if you are lost. Siblings should not marry in the same year. A bride-to-be should never try on her dress. Dreaming of losing teeth is a bad omen. 70

71. POSITIVE FILIPINO CHARACTER TRAITS Personalism Family centeredness Hospitable Resilient Faith and Religiosity Respectful to Authority Caring for the elders 71

72. NEGATIVE FILIPINO CHARACTER TRAITS Crab Mentality Mañana habit Ningas Kugon Lack of self-reflection/analysis Kanya-Kanya syndrome Filipino time 72

73. WHAT QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE? 73

74. 74 THANK YOU! ELMER F. PUZO, LPT