Understanding Ergonomics Modular for hm students

ergonomics

1. ‘ Ergonomics and Facilities planning for the Hospitality Industry ’ MODULE (PRELIMS )

2. CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING HOSPITALITY FACILITIES PLANNING AND ERGONOMICS Health and safety are very important for employees and guests in the tourism and hospitality industry. Such issues entail careful planning consideration to be successfully Implemented in the operations. This chapter presents you to the subject of hospitality facilities planning and explains why knowledge of the various types of facilities is of value to guests and employees alike. Because of the significance of workplace planning for workers and other stakeholders, ergonomics and human comfort are also considered as part and parcel of the planning process. This chapter gives a brief overview of the different hospitality and tourism facilities to set the stage for a more extensive discussion in the later chapters. Lastly, it discusses issues of concern when it comes to these facilities. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to: 1. differentiate the concepts of facilities planning, layout, and design; 2. enumerate the different hospitality and tourism facilities; and 3. describe ergonomics and human comfort and its significance to hospitality facilities planning.

3. CONTENTS The hospitality and tourism industry is a vast industry made up of facilities and complexes. These facilities play critical roles in providing an appealing environment that contributes to the overall ambiance, experience, and comfort, not only of the guest but also its other stakeholders. These areas are conceptualized and maintained by a planning team that is experienced in the field of facilities planning, layout, and design, which will be discussed in later chapters. As introductory concepts, the following terms are defined to establish a common frame of reference when reading this textbook: 1. Facilities planning determines how the hospitality and tourism establishment's resources best upkeep and maintain the achievement of its goals and priorities. For example, if it is the goal of the establishment to provide a safe and comfortable environment for the workers and guests, naturally, it will invest in utilizing high- quality materials to be installed in the facilities in support of its goal. For facilities planning to be implemented, concepts such as facilities location, facilities design, and facilities layout should also be in place. 2. Facilities location refers to the placement of the different facility elements relative to the needs of employees, guests, suppliers, and other stakeholders, together with other facilities it interfaces. As priorities differ for each facility and its users, it is important to consider facility location as it also includes its placement within the workplace or in a specific plot of land.

4. 3. A facility design i s a specification for the creation of a facility. For this to materialize, facility systems, layout, and handling systems should be in place. A. Layout refers to a plan showing the organization and relationship of the parts in a specific facility. Details for layout would usually include elements of the facility and handling systems. b. The facility system includes structural, atmospheric, and other systems utilized for the normal operations of each facility. It may include those involved in the physical makeup of the facility such as interior and exterior, lighting, sanitation and safety, gas, heat, ventilation and air-conditioning, and water needs. C. The handling system consists of the elements required for facility interactions. These would include the front-of-house and back-of-house employees who are needed to properly deliver the services of the facility.

5. 4. Systems analysis refers to the discipline devoted to the structures and roles of the work systems that simplify processes such as work environments and facilities. This field of study is needed to understand human comfort and ergonomics. 5. Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) refers to the relationship between people. technology, and the factors that affect this relationship. In the tourism and hospitality industry, this is usually observed in workplace scenarios to achieve maximum comfort and productivity for employees and guests, including the different stakeholders they interact with. Importance of Facilities Planning and HFE Facilities planning, together with HFE, are important especially in the hospitality and tourism industry because of the following: 1. As the tourism and hospitality industry is a fast-paced and growing industry, it is important that facilities planning be a priority and a continuing activity. 2. Facilities planning and HFE, when observed together, can make work easier, improve efficiency, and render the operational system more resistant to errors that are usually committed. 3. As such, it can increase productivity and reduce costs by reviewing the system and cutting all activities that are deemed unnecessary or wasteful, such as retraining of staff.

6. 4. Also, wastes such as fines and lawsuits can be avoided because of appropriate facilities planning and HFE by incorporating Occupational Safety and Health and Disaster and Risk Reduction concepts. 5. Facilities planning can also support sustainability initiatives (as the industry facilities contribute to a lot of wastes) through energy conservation and adopting green building systems and processes. 6. Lastly, through facilities planning, firms can cut down on losses and achieve optimum profitability through their materials handling, process flow, and physical design. Objectives of Facilities Planning In order to effectively implement facilities planning, the following could serve a objectives in the tourism and hospitality operations: 1. Facilities planning will support the company's vision through appropriate material handling, materials control, and good housekeeping. 2. Through facilities planning, there will be an effective utilization of resources, such a manpower, paraphernalia, workspace, and energy.

7. 3. With appropriate facilities planning, principal funds can be curtailed. 4. Flexibility, maintenance, and ease of supervision can also be achieved through facilities planning. 5. Most importantly, manpower safety and security and job satisfaction can be assured through facilities planning

8. W h a t i s E r gono m i c s i n H osp i tal it y Indus t ry? Ergo n means ‘work’ and nomos means ‘ natural law’ As a science, ergonomics identifies the physical propertie s of work and how the way it is done affects the body. The primary goal is to fit jobs to people, not people to jobs. Ergonomics (or human factors) prevents these types of injuries by fitting the job to the person using proper equipment and work practices. This results in the safest way to work and prevents workplace injuries. The high number of sprains and strains (musculoskeletal injuries — MSIs) in the hospitality industry concerns employers, workers. 

9. What i s e rgonom ic s and i ts i mp o r tan c e ?  Ergonomics is an important part of research in the product development process . Its purpose is to increase the safety, comfort and performance of a product or an environment, such as an office. Ergonomics uses anthropometrical data to determine the optimum size, shape and form of a product, and make it easier for people to use.

10. Purpose of E r gono m ic s Ergonomics can roughly be defined as the study of people in their working environment. More specifically, an ergonomist (pronounced like economist) designs or modifies the work to fit the worker, not the other way around. The goal is to eliminate discomfort and risk of injury due to work.

11. 1. Safe t y 2. Comfo r t Medicine bottles: The print on them could be larger so that a sick person who may have impaired vision (due to sinuses, etc.) can more easily see the dosages and label. Ergonomics could design the print style, color and size for optimal viewing. Alarm clock display: Some displays are harshly bright, drawing one’s eye to the light when surroundings are dark. Ergonomic principles could redesign this based on contrast principles. F i ve a sp e ct s of E r gono m i c s

12. 3. E as e of u s e Street Signs: In a strange area, many times it is difficult to spot street signs. This could be addressed with the principles of visual detection in ergonomics. 4. Productivity/performance Voicemail instructions: It takes too long to have to listen to all of the obvious instructions. Ergonomics could address this by providing more options to the user, enabling them to easily and quickly skip the instructions. 5. Aesthetics Signs in the workplace: Signage should be made consistent throughout the workplace to not only be aesthetically pleasing, but also so that information is easily accessible

13. HOSPITALITY & TOURISM FACILITIES HOTEL RESORT

14. TOURISM ENTERPRISES RESTAURANT HOSPITALITY & TOURISM FACILITIES

15. DEPARTMENT STORE SHOP HOSPITALITY & TOURISM FACILITIES

16. MUSUEM TRAINING CENTER HOSPITALITY & TOURISM FACILITIES

17. ACTIVITY 1 (Total of 15 pts) Instructions: In a short bond paper copy and answer the questions in essay form . Use black ballpen only. 1. Based on the lesson you read, explain the importance of facilities planning in the tourism and hospitality industry. 2. What do you think are some objectives of facilities planning in tourism and hospitality in tourism and hospitality industry. 3. What is the range of facilities in tourism and hospitality in tourism and hospitality industry. (Provide at least 10 different facilities and its description with picture, do not include the sample pictures in the topic)

18. ‘ PRINCIPLES OF INTERIOR AN ‘ EXTERIOR DESIGN ’ CHAPTER 2

19. OBJECTIVES At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to: discuss the basic principles of design, both the interior and exterior of hospitality facilities; demonstrate the importance of design in hospitality facilities planning; identify designs; and4. evaluate the relationship of the interior and exterior designs.

20. D E SI G N I NG →A PROCESS OF CREATING A PLAN AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR MAKING OR PRODUCING AN OBJECT OR SPACE FOR IMPLEMENTATION TO ADDRESS A SPECIFIC GOAL OR PROVIDE A SOLUTION FOR A PARTICULAR PROBLEM TAKES ACCOUNT AESTHETICS, FUNCTION,UTILITY

21. ELEMENTS O F VISUAL D E SI G N 1. L IN E A . S T R A I GH T - → sturdy/strong and masculine,it belongs to architecture; it has its moods B . V E R T I C A L → expresses the spirit of Gothic;it is proud and exalted C. HO R I Z O N T A L → represents the horizon of the seascape;calm and peaceful D . D I A G O N A L →symbolizes the flight of geese; vigourous or even angry E . C URV E D L IN E → more subtle than the straight line;graceful and sensitive;it is femenine

22. CURVED Interior) DIAGONAL (Exterior) HORIZONTAL (Exterior)

23. Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao shows how lines create dynamism and movement both in its exterior and interior designs.

24. 2. Color - Colors are part of the surroundings, both in nature and in manmade environments. They are integral parts of a human's sensory perception and can affect one's emotions because of symbolism through association and synthesis. Colors may be distinguished by tones and results in hues of the spectrum.

25. Hues of the Spectrum Primary colors are commonly known as blue, red, and yellow. Secondary colors are commonly known as green, violet, and orange. Tertiary colors are the combinations of the following colors: red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-violet.

26. Color Scheme The color scheme is an important element in communicating the message of the design. Monochromatic - utilizes one color in different hues or tones. Complementar y - are colors that are located opposite each other in the color wheel (e.g., yellow and violet). Split-complementary - refers to a color and the two colors besides its complement (e.g., yellow, blue-violet, red-violet). Analogous -are three or more colors beside each other in the color wheel. Triads- are related to the use of three colors.

27. Psychological Significance of Colors Sir Isaac Newton discovered the color spectrum, its organization, and its composition. However, studies show that as early as the ancient Egyptian period, humans have used colors to create the moods of spaces to achieve a holistic design Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote the book Theory of Colors in 1810. Several studies on the psychology of colors were done and the general findings are stated below: Red-orange -heat , stimulation, activity, richness, splendor, dignity Pink -daintiness, gaiety, animation Yellow , yellow-green - dryness, crispness, relaxation, warmth, light, cheer Green-blue -coldness, spaciousness, passivity, tranquility Violet -coolness, limpness, dullness, daintiness, reservation, femininity1 Brown -warmth

28. Some examples of how the food industry has used colors in creating a brand for their business, thus establishing strong recollection in their patrons Both fast-food chains use bright colors as their dominant color

29. How to Use Color In order to create the necessary ambiance to conform with the theme and concept of a hospitality or tourism facility, it is important to decide which of the following is needed: To create a cool or warm atmosphere To create a spacious or a small space To create a dark or bright room To denote as code of function and safety To stimulate or reduce excitability The common applications of colors in rooms and spaces according to the building type are as follows: Offices-cool and pastel Industrial Plants - red for fire equipment, yellow for danger areas, green for first-aid stations Residences-varies according to function and style Commercial-stimulating and exciting colors in lobbies, neutral in corridors Institutional-pastel colors

30. 3. Form and Shape - The primary elements of form are points and lines that create the shape of an object, room, or edifice. From a single point to a dimensional line, then from a line to a two-dimensional plane, this would eventually evolve into a three-dimensional volume . For each element, its first consideration is its conceptual element, then a visual element in the vocabulary of architectural design.

31. 4. Texture - This refers to the quality of the surface treatment. More often than not, texture is associated with the kind of materials used. Polished stones can reflect light and will sparkle when lighted. Raw stones are rough and coarse, giving the building or object a feeling of strength and simplicity. Texture depends on the choice of materials and how they are used. The materials are indicators of the character of the final effect and should complement and supplement the concept of the facility.

32. 5. Light - The provision of light in a room or space can either be manmade or natural The choice of lighting is critical in the translation of any space or object. Lighting can be categorized by what the task the designer wants to achieve. Lighting for a defined purpose is also termed as general lighting. This illuminates the whole space or room. This is used if there are tasks that would require movement in the area. Lighting as an accent. This type of light provides emphasis to an object, a space, or sometimes a wall. .Lighting as the generator of mood. This is used to create an ambiance that goes with the concept of a facility.

33. It is important that the activities in the area be considered in specifying a lighting fixture for artificial lighting and the placement of openings, such as doors, windows, mirrors , and even roofs, for natural lighting. The following figure shows both natural and artificial lighting.

34. 6. Pattern - The choice of patterns should not be taken as a stand-alone element of design as it is a part of the whole. Patterns can provide interesting points in the space. It can give a sense of direction and dimension and can produce energy and vitality. A professional in the design industry can determine what patterns can be mixed and matched. a.Complex - It a composition of several crisscrossing lines that gives intricacy to the design. It can liven up a group in the right amount, or it can be overwhelming in a small space. b. Vertical Lines -They are used to add height in a small room. c. Horizontal Lines - They can give a sense that the space is bigger or shorten the height of a tall room. d. Flora l-it is a design that shows general and accent lighting. e. Motifs - They are patterns normally related to an architectural style. f. Animal Prints - These are not limited to fur or skins; they can also be a stylized representation of animals.

35. ACTIVITY 2 Instructions: In a short bond paper copy and answer the questions in essay form . Use black ballpen only. 1. How would you differentiate the elements and principles of design? 2. What is the importance of interior and exterior designs in the hospitality and tourism industry? 3. How can color enhance the experience of the client in facilities for the hospitality and tourism industry? 4. What defines the character of facilities for the hospitality and tourism industry?

36. PRELIMS EXAMINATION/ EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES (Total of 50 pts) Instructions: In a short bond paper print the results of your research (colored), and use black ballpen as you write your reflection or analysis. 1. Search on the Internet for lobbies of different hotels. Reflect on the facilities planning (layout and design ) that is implemented in the establishment with regard to disaster resiliency and sustainability. 2. When looking at nearby Good Taste Restaurant , take a photo and reflect on provisions on facility planning and improvement.