Understanding Parkinson's Disease as neurobiological desease

Everyday Neurobiology: Understanding Parkinson's Disease
Introduction to Parkinson's Disease
Example of Parkinson's Disease in Everyday Life
Nervous System Involvement in Parkinson's Disease
Functions of the Nervous System Affected in Parkinson's
Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease
Real-life Consequences of Parkinson's
How the Course Enhanced Your Understanding
Conclusion
References

1. Understanding Parkinson's Disease KORINA ARGYROPOULOU

2. Understanding Parkinson's Disease Everyday Neurobiology: Understanding Parkinson's Disease Introduction to Parkinson's Disease Example of Parkinson's Disease in Everyday Life Nervous System Involvement in Parkinson's Disease Functions of the Nervous System Affected in Parkinson's Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease Real-life Consequences of Parkinson's How the Course Enhanced Your Understanding Conclusion References

3. Understanding Parkinson's Disease Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease Current Treatments for Parkinson's Disease

4. Introduction to Parkinson's Disease Definition of Parkinson's Disease: Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily impacts motor function over time . Key Motor Symptoms: Symptoms include tremors, stiffness in muscles, bradykinesia, and balance problems significantly affecting mobility. Neurobiology and Daily Life: The neurobiological changes result in substantial challenges, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life. Photo by Rollz International on Pexels

5. Example of Parkinson's Disease in Everyday Life Media Representation: The film 'Awakenings' illustrates the profound impact of PD, capturing personal struggles with mobility and communication. Impact on Daily Activities: Individuals often face immense challenges in walking and speaking, leading to heightened frustration and reduced independence. Emotional Consequences: Beyond physical symptoms, PD can induce significant emotional distress, including depression and anxiety in affected individuals. Photo by Rollz International on Pexels

6. Nervous System Involvement in Parkinson's Disease Basal Ganglia Dysfunction: The basal ganglia are crucial for coordinating movement, and their degeneration leads to motor control deficits. Dopamine Pathways Alteration: Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons disrupts signaling pathways, significantly impacting motivation, mood, and motor activity. Autonomic Nervous System Involvement: Parkinson's Disease affects the autonomic nervous system, causing issues with regulation of heart rate and digestion.

7. Functions of the Nervous System Affected in Parkinson's Impaired Voluntary Movement: Bradykinesia exacerbates motor control issues, significantly diminishing the ability to initiate and perform movements. Balance and Coordination Challenges: Tremors and rigidity impair balance, increasing fall risk and hindering smooth execution of coordinated tasks. Autonomic Dysfunction Insights: Autonomic dysfunction leads to bladder control problems and blood pressure dysregulation, affecting daily life significantly. Photo by Rollz International on Pexels

8. Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease Dopamine Deficiency Mechanism: Degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra leads to significant dopamine deficiency, impairing motor control. Role of Lewy Bodies: Lewy bodies, abnormal protein aggregates, disrupt neuronal function and contribute extensively to neuron death. Impact on Movement and Mood: Dopamine loss not only affects movement but also alters motivation, mood, and emotional well-being significantly. Photo by Rollz International on Pexels

9. Real-life Consequences of Parkinson's Daily Activity Disruption: Parkinson's Disease severely disrupts daily routines, reducing independence and increasing reliance on caregivers for support. Psychological Effects: Depression and anxiety frequently accompany PD, complicating emotional health and worsening perceived quality of life. Cognitive Challenges: Cognitive decline in PD manifests as memory loss and difficulty in decision-making, impacting life management.

10. How the Course Enhanced Your Understanding Dopamine's Role in Motor Control: Understanding dopamine's essential function enhances clarity on motor symptoms manifesting in Parkinson’s Disease. Basal Ganglia Functionality: Insights into basal ganglia operations highlight their critical influence on movement regulation and associated deficits. Neurodegeneration and Treatment Options: Neurodegenerative processes inform treatment strategies, necessitating tailored approaches for effective symptom management. Photo by Berkay AK on Pexels

11. Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease Genetic Predisposition: Inherited genetic mutations can significantly increase susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease, influencing neuronal health and loss. Environmental Triggers: Exposure to neurotoxic substances, pesticides, and heavy metals is linked with higher incidence of neuron degeneration. Inflammatory Response: Chronic neuroinflammation may exacerbate neurodegenerative processes, promoting further neuronal damage and dysfunction in PD. Photo by Rollz International on Pexels

12. Current Treatments for Parkinson's Disease Levodopa Therapy: Levodopa remains the primary pharmacological treatment, effectively alleviating motor symptoms by replenishing dopamine levels. Physical Therapy Importance: Engagement in physical therapy improves mobility and balance, enhancing overall functional capacity and quality of life. Complementary Approaches: Integrative approaches, including occupational therapy and speech therapy, address multifaceted challenges faced by individuals.

13. Conclusion Dopamine Neuron Degeneration: Degeneration of dopamine neurons disrupts communication within motor circuits, leading to severe movement impairment. Motor Function Impairments: Loss of dopaminergic influence results in bradykinesia and rigidity, fundamentally altering patients' motor capabilities. Symptoms Beyond Movement: Dopamine deficiency also affects non-motor functions, contributing to emotional instability and cognitive decline in patients.

14. THANK YOU References Jankovic , J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79 (4), 368-376. This article provides an in-depth overview of the clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Dauer , W., & Przedborski , S. (2003). Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron, 39 (6), 889-909. A foundational paper that explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease and discusses models used to study the disorder. Kalia , L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015). Parkinson's disease. The Lancet, 386 (9996), 896-912. Comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathology, and treatment of Parkinson’s disease, including emerging therapies. Poewe , W., Seppi , K., Tanner, C. M., Halliday , G. M., Brundin , P., Volkmann, J., ... & Lang, A. E. (2017). Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3 , 17013. A highly cited paper providing a broad overview of Parkinson’s disease, discussing both clinical management and research frontiers . Photo by love Bluetea on Pexels