Understanding Steroids and NSAIDs 2.pptx

nsaids and steroids explained briefly.

1. Understanding Steroids and NSAIDs Mechanisms, Uses, and Considerations

2. Steroids Overview - Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action: - Steroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the action of natural hormones, particularly glucocorticoids. - Glucocorticoid Activity : Steroids enter cells and bind to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways and immune responses. - Mineralocorticoid Activity : The primary endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and synthetic steroids with mineralocorticoid activity can influence fluid and electrolyte balance.

3. Steroids Overview - Indications Indications: - Inflammatory Conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis). - Allergic Reactions: Severe allergies, anaphylaxis. - Autoimmune Disorders: Lupus, multiple sclerosis. - Organ Transplantation: Prevention of rejection.

4. Steroids Overview - Contraindications and Side Effects Contraindications: - Active Infections: Steroids can suppress the immune system, worsening infections. - Peptic Ulcer Disease: May exacerbate gastric ulcers. - Live Vaccines: Contraindicated due to immunosuppressive effects. Side Effects: - Short-term: Increased appetite, mood changes. - Long-term: Osteoporosis, Cushing's syndrome, increased susceptibility to infections. Examples: - Prednisone: Commonly used, available in various oral doses. - Dexamethasone: Often used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. - Methylprednisolone: Used for inflammatory conditions and allergic reactions.

5. NSAIDs Overview - Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.

6. NSAIDs Overview - Indications Indications: - Pain Management: Acute and chronic pain conditions. - Inflammation: Arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), tendonitis, bursitis. - Fever Reduction: Symptomatic relief.

7. NSAIDs Overview - Contraindications and Side Effects Contraindications: - Gastrointestinal Issues: Peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding. - Renal Impairment: May worsen kidney function. - Cardiovascular Disease: Increased risk of events, especially with long-term use. Side Effects: - Gastrointestinal: Gastric ulcers, bleeding. - Renal: Impaired kidney function. - Cardiovascular: Increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Examples: - Ibuprofen: Commonly used for pain and inflammation, available over-the-counter. - Naproxen: Longer duration of action, also available over-the-counter. - Aspirin: Besides anti-inflammatory properties, it has antiplatelet effects.