Understanding the self : A Brief Presentation on the topic Understanding the Self

Brief Presentation on the topic Understanding the Self

1. HOUSE RULES: Show respect to anyone inside and outside the classroom. Listen attentively, especially when the prof is discussing. Actively participate in classroom discussions/ activities. Speak only when called or recognized, and stand up to give the answer. Mobile phones must be in silent mode. Calls can only be answered if they are important.

2. Understanding The Self ( Pagkilala sa sarili )

3. S cope Chapter 1: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES Philosophical Perspectives on the Self The Self, Society, and Culture The Self as a Cognitive Construct The Self in Western and Eastern Thought

4. Chapter 2: UNPACKING THE SELF The Physical Self The Sexual Self Managing the Material Self The Spiritual Self The Political Self and Being a Filipino The Self in the Digital and Virtual World

5. Chapter 3: MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF Learning to be a Better Learner Dream Big and Make it Happen Less Stress, More Care

6. Chapter 1 focuses on the self as a construct

7. Chapter 2 focuses on the factors that make and break the self-concept

8. Chapter 3 focuses on self-care and management

9. Lesson 1: Philosophical Perspectives on the Self Objectives: state the importance of understanding the self explain various notions of the self from different philosophical perspectives examine one’s self in relation to the philosophical perspectives of the self

10. Understanding the Self Know thy self The Self is your main companion in living in this world Who you are, who you want to be, who society wants you to be, and who you can be are some ideas we will explore The Self is Complex

11. Day 2

12. Guide: Name (and story behind your name) Your place of origin Previous school Interest /hobby Dream Job/ultimate dream

13. Reflection and Integration

14. Aside from your name, course, age, physical attributes, and interests, how would you characterize yourself? 2. Reflecting on your younger years, how did yourself develop? What external factors or personal decisions made the biggest impact?

15. 3. How is your “self” related to others, and what makes it different from others? 4. What do you think is the connection of your “self” to your physical body?

16. 5. Do you think a separate “self” exists after death? What do you think happens to this entity?

17. DAY 3

18. Activity : Inside and Outside MASK The activity serves to build a sense of identity. Directions: Draw 2 masks (one depicting what you look like in the outside and the other one depicting what you look like inside)

19. Mask-making can be both a powerful and tension-releasing avenue for self-exploration and self-expression. Mask-making can be a way to allow unexpected sides of yourself to emerge, or embrace those parts of yourself you have yet to befriend Enhances self-awareness and integrates past, present and future selves Self-reflection can be achieved

20. DAY 4: REPORTING

21. UNDERSTANDING THE SELF: Philosophical Perspective

22. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Socrates Sophronicus and Phaenarete (parents Teacher of Plato Father of Western Philosophy Human soul was invisible, immortal, and directs the physical body. Socrates, Plato and Saint Augustine believed that man has soul. Soul pre-existed the body and death are viewed as release of the soul from the body and the self is a product of interplay between soul and body. Also, they emphasized the superiority of the soul over the body.     Studied Music, Gymnastics, and Grammar Tutor of Alexander the Great "Know Thyself       Served the Military and saved the life of Alcibiades, a popular Athenian General Introduced the Socratic Method - a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. "An unexamined life is not worth living"       Convicted and sentenced to death by drinking hemlock                          

23. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Plato Named from the work Platon, meaning "broad shoulders" Teacher of Aristotle The Philosopher - King Man has soul and it has three aspects namely: reason, physical desire, and spirit Plato and Freud both have three divisions of soul or self. Plato believed that man in this world is an illusion. The real man is the idea of man. There is no self in reality. The self of an individual man in this world is immersed in the universal idea of man.   Ariston and Perictone (parents) Founded the Academy known as Platonism - first institutions of higher learning "Platonic Love"     Studied Metaphysics and Epistemology Wrote the Apology of Socrates, The Republic, Cerrito, and Allegory of the Cave "Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws"     Participated in Peloponnesian War Doctrine of Platonic Realism, Essentialism, and Idealism         Placed under house arrest for conspiracy Theory of Forms         Died while sleeping Three Parts of Soul:           Rational (Logical Reason, Mind (Nous)           Appetitive (Desire, Feminine (Eros)           Spirited (Emotion, Masculine (Thymos)        

24. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Saint Augustine Son of a Christian mother and Pagan father Wrote Confessions (personal account of his life) and City of God Saint Augustine of Hippo Man is rational substance constituted of body and soul.   Saint Augustine's belief of the immortality of the soul is based on the Christian teachings.   Taught Rhetoric at the age of 21 Formalized The Doctrine of Original Sin Father of Roman Catholicism     Became a Priest in 391 and Bishop in 395 Considered Patron Saints of Theologians and those with "sore eyes"       Died in 430          

25. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Rene Descartes Joachim (father's name) Formulated the first modem version of Mind-Body Dualism- distinct or separable kinds of substances or natures. Father of Modern Philosophy The soul is superior to the body. Human being is a perfect unity of soul and body. Descartes, Locke, Kant, Ponty, and Freud described self as a mental substance, a thinking thing.     Born in 1596 and died in 1650 Invented the use of "x" and "y" to represent unknown variables Cogito Ergo (I think therefore I am) The self is a thinking thing distinct from the body.       Though intelligent, his health was poor, and allowed to stay in bed until 11 in the morning Invented Analytic Geometry   Descartes, Locke, Kant, Ponty regarded self as activity of the mind, you exist because you are conscious, you have memory, and you are thinking.     Took Law degree in 1616, studied Mathematics and Military Architecture Introduced Deductive Reasoning- a type of reasoning that used general conclusion by applying general assumption, process, or principles to reach a conclusion       Joined military after finishing Law          

26. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences John Locke Born in 1632 and died in 1704 His Political View influenced both American and French Revolutions Father of Classical Liberalism The self-exist because of memory. Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness.       Studied Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic, Mathematics, and Geography Some thoughts concerning Education, Two Treatises of Government, and an essay concerning Human Understanding Philosopher of Freedom       Finished Bachelor of Medicine "Personal identity consists of psychological continuity of consciousness, and not on the substance of either the soul or the body." A person is a thinking intelligent being that has reason, reflection, and consider itself as itself, the same thing thinking in different times and places.       Founder of the Whig Movement in British Politics, became Lord Chancellor in 1672        

27. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences David Hume Born in 1711 and died in 1776 Known for his Empiricism and Skepticism "It is not reason that governs human behavior but desire instead" There is no self, only a bundle of different perception passing though the theater of our minds (there are no persons that continue to exist over time)   For Hume, self must be constant, persisting, stable think, and yet knowledge is derived from impressions, which are transient, non-persisting, variable things, it follows that we do not really have knowledge of a "self" and therefore, there is NO self.   Joseph and Catherine (parents) Wrote A Treatise of Human Nature and History of England "Reason alone cannot be a motive to the will, but rather is the slave of the passions."     Suffered nervous breakdown in 1729 His philosophy played an important role in the Development of Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Auguste Comte     Hume never married and no children          

28. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Sigmund Freud   After graduating (1873) from secondary school in Vienna, Sigmund Freud entered the medical school of the University of Vienna, concentrating on physiology and neurology; he obtained a medical degree in 1881.   He trained (1882–85) as a clinical assistant at the General Hospital in Vienna and studied (1885–86) in Paris under neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot.   As one of Freud's most famous books, "Introduction to Psychoanalysis" (or Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse ),   Freud outlines his theory of psychoanalysis including the unconscious mind, the idea of neuroses, and dreams.   He won the esteemed  Goethe prize , a German literary award in 1930. He was also interestingly nominated for a Nobel prize 13 times during his career, however never won the award. It was assumed this was due to the mistrust the scientific community had for his theories on Psychoanalysis. Self was multi-tiered, divided among the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.   For Freud, superego is a layer of oneself with two systems: conscience and ideal self.         Self has three layers to develop: the concept of id, ego, and superego.    

29. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Immanuel Kant Born on 22 April 1724 in Konigsberg The Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Judgement, which remain the real sources of his lasting influence, and achieved a complete Paradigm Shift and moved philosophy beyond the debate between the Rationalists and Empiricists.   Believed that, intellectually, humans are incapable of knowing ultimate reality. There was still room in his system for other concepts completely (such as free will, rational agency, god, good and bad, etc.     1724-1804 Johann Georg Kant and Anna Regina Porter (parents)         Baptized as "Emanuel" but later changed his name to "Immanuel" after he learned Hebrew Introduced the human mind as an active originator of experience rather than just a passive recipient of perception, and placed the role of the human subject or knower at the Centre of inquiry into our knowledge.   Developed his moral philosophy in three main works: (1) The Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics (2) Critique of Practical Reason (3) Metaphysics of Morals       Raised in Pietist household and accordingly received a strict, punitive and disciplinary education that favored Latin and Religious Instruction over Mathematics and Science   Started by observing that it is an observable empirical fact that people do in fact have moral and ethical views and for them to have any meaning at all, people must have some element of free will.    

30. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences   German philosopher regarded as one of the most important thinkers of modern Europe.   Founded on his view of rationality as the ultimate good and his belief that all people are fundamentally rational beings.       The starting point and inspiration for the German Idealism movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries   Emphasized the theory on Categorical Imperative which states that one should act only in such a way that you would want your actions to become a universal law, applicable to everyone in a similar situation.           Asserted that each person is his own moral agent, and we should only be responsible for our own actions, not those of others.             Analysis: "The self transcends experiences"    

31. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Gilbert Bryle (1900-1976) Born on 19 August 1900 in Brighton, England Enormous influence on the development of Analytic Philosophy, particularly in the areas of Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Language   Characterized the mind as a set of capabilities and abilities belonging to the body, thus, the workings of the mind are not distinct from the actions of the body, but are one and the same       His father was a doctor but also a generalist who had interests in Philosophy and Astronomy Well-known for his definitive critique of the Dualism of Descartes and other traditional mind-body theories.         Studied at Brighton College and in 1919, he went to Queen's College, Oxford, to study Philosohy Philosophical Behaviorism (the belief that all mental phenomena can be explained by observable behavior) became a standard view for several decades.   Claimed that mental vocabulary is merely a different way of describing action, and that a person's motive is defined by that person's dispositions to act in certain situations. He concluded that adequate descriptions of human behavior need never refer to anything but the operations of human bodies     Graduated with first class honors in 1924 and was appointed to a lectureship in Philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford Published his principal work. The Concept of Mind, in 1949 and was recognized as an important contribution to Philosophical Psychology and Philosophy of Mind, and an important work in the Ordinary Language Philosophy movement      

32. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences   Gilbert Bryle Generally regarded as easy-going and sociable and an entertaining conversationalist, but a fierce and formidable debater, unforgiving of pomposity and pretentiousness. Dismissed the idea that nature is a complex machine, and that human nature is a smaller machine with a "ghost" in it to account for intelligence, spontaneity, and other such human qualities.   Analysis: "The self is the way people behave."         President of Aristotelian Society from 1945 to 1946         Bristich philosopher who was mainly associated with the Ordinary Language Philosophy movement          

33. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) Born in 1908 in Rochefort-Sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France Wrote on perception, art, and politics. However, the construction of meaning in human experience was his main interest.   Develop his own concept of Radical Reflection, the attempt to return to, and reflect on irreflective consciousness.       Received his degree from the University of Paris Wrote a book about The Phenomenology of Perception   Self is explained by "Eco Phenomenology" or the pursuit of the relationalities of worldly engagement, both human and those of other creatures.       Was awarded the Chair of Philosophy at the College fe France from 1952 until his death in 1961   This engagement is situated in a kind middle ground of relationality, a space that is neither purely objective, because it is reciprocally constituted by a diversity of lived experiences motivating the movements of countless organism, nor purely subjective, because it is nonetheless a field of material relationships between bodies. It is governed exclusively neither be causality, not by intentionality. In this space of in-betweenness phenomenology can overcome its inaugural opposition to naturalism.       Died suddenly of a stroke at the age of 53, apparently while preparing for class on Rene Descartes      

34. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences   Maurice Merleau-Ponty French Phenomenological Philosopher         The only major phenomenologist to engage extensively with the sciences and especially with descriptive psychology.         It is through this engagement that his writings have become influential in naturalizing phenomenology, in which phenomenologists use the results of psychology and cognitive science.     Analysis: "The self is an embodied subjectivity"    

35. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences Paul Churchland Born in Vancouver, BC, Canada on October 21, 1942 His works is inclined in the school of Analytical Philosophy, Western Philosophy, with interests in Epistemology and the Philosophy of Science   Everyday mental concepts such as beliefs, feelings, and desires, which are viewed as theoretical constructs without coherent definition is destined to be obviated by a scientic understanding of human nature.       Graduated from the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor of Arts and earned his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh in 1969 Churchland is a major proponent of eliminative materialism, the belief that every day, commonsense or folk' psychology (which seeks to explain human behavior in terms of the beliefs and desires of agents), is actually a deeply flawed theory that must be eliminated in favor of a mature cognitive neuroscience.   Holds that "beliefs" are not ontologically real; that is, he maintains that a future, fully matured neuroscience is likely to have no need for "beliefs."    

36. Philosopher Life Famous Works or Contributions to the Society Recognition Philosophical View of the Self Similarities Differences   Paul Churchland Canadian Philosopher known for his studies in Neuro-Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind and Artificial Intelligence.   Hypothesizes that consciousness might be explained in terms of arecurrent neural network with its hub in the intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus, and feedback connections to all parts of the cortex.       As of this February 2017, Churchland is recognized as Professor Emeritus at the UCSD, and is a member of the board of trustees of the Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies of Moscow State University.     Analysis: "The self is the brain."