understanding-the-self-THE-SEXUAL-SELF.pdf

understanding-the-self-THE-SEXUAL-SELF.pdf

1. UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
THE
SEXUAL
SELF

2. LET’S BREAK THE ICE!
Direction:
Determine the given words or
pictures if it is for MALEor for
FEMALE.

3. PENIS VAGINA

4. DIAPHRAGM CONDOM

5. VOICE
DEEPENS
CHEST
ENLARGE

6. TUBAL
LIGATION
VASECTOMY

7. GAY LESBIAN

8. TOPICHIGHLIGHTS
•Perspective of Human Sexuality
•The Phase of Human SexualResponse
•The Chemistry of Love, Lustand
Attachment
•Diversity of SexualBehavior
•Sexually TransmittedInfections
•Methods ofContraception

9. PERSPECTIVE
OF HUMAN
SEXUALITY

10. PERSPECTIVE OFHUMAN
SEXUALITY
Humansexuality
is influenced by physical, psychological, spiritualand
culturalfactors.
Sexual selfhood is defined how one thinks about
himself or herself as a sexualindividual.

11. HISTORICAL1
a.AncientGreece
?It is the male that assumes the dominantrole.
?The wives are treated as an object to be possessed just
likeproperty.
b.MiddleAges
•Strong influence of thechurch.
•Women were labeled as either a temptress (like
Eve) or a woman of virtue (like the VirginMary).

12. c.ProtestantReformation
?Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other Protestant leaders initiated a movement
against the corruption of the Roman CatholicChurch.
?Protestantism believed that sexuality is a natural part oflife
and that priests should be able to marry and havefamilies.
?Sexual intimacy was to strengthen the physical and emotional bond between
husband and wives and not just for procreation.

13. d.17
TH & 18
THCentury
?Puritans were discontented with the Church of
England and rallied for religious, moral and
societalreformation.
e.VictorianEra
?Homosexuality and prostitution were rampant
and considered to be threats to socialorder.
?Sex for women was just a marital duty and itwas
assumed that they were pure andasexual.
?Other beliefs: ejaculating more than once a
month would greatly weaken a man,
masturbation leads to blindness, insanity and
death.

14. f.20
thCentury
?Interest in sexuality became more evident
and accepted insociety.
?This period is marked by increased
incidence of sexually transmitted infections
because of high risk sexualactivities.

15. BIOLOGICAL
SECONDARY SEXCHARACTERISTICS
MALE FEMALE
Voices becomes much lower
(breaks)
Breastenlarge
Hair growth on chest, face,
underarms, arms, legs, and
pubic area
Hair growth on under armsand
pubicarea
Increase in musclesize Hipwidens
Skin becomes oily andpores
enlarge
Skin becomes oily andpores
enlarge
2

16. MALE FEMALE
Testes Ovaries
Penis Fallopiantubes
Scrotum Uterus
Seminalvesiclesand Vagina
prostateglands
PRIMARY SEXCHARACTERISTICS

17. SOCIOBIOLOGICAL
/EVOLUTIONARY
?This studies how evolutionary forces affect sexualbehaviour.
?According to sociobiological theory, natural selection is a
process by which organisms that are best suited to their
environment are mostlikely to survive.
?On the basis of human sexual behaviour, it all beginswith
physicalattraction.
?It is primarily an evolutionary standard for attracting the best
male and female in the lot to ensure that RQH?Vgenetic
characteristic will be passed on to the nextgeneration.
3

18. PSYCHOLOGICAL
?Sexuality is not a mere physical response. Rather,it
also involves emotions, thoughts andbeliefs.
?According to Sigmund Freud, human beings are
faced with two forces –sex instinct and death
instinct.
?Sex instinct does not only pertain to the sexual
act rather it could also mean anything that could
give pleasure to theperson.
?A SHUVRQ?Vlibido or sexual energy is located in an
area of the body at different psychosexual stages.
These areas of pleasure are called erogenous
zones.
4

19. Stages Ages Description Problems/Fixation
OralStageBirth to
2 years
Pleasure from oralstimulation Dependency oraggression
AnalStage15 monthsto
3years
Primary focus on controlling
bladder andbowels
Anal-
epulsive
vs.
Anal-retentive
PhallicStage 3 -6 Primary focus is ongenitalsFixation can result in sexualdeviancies
or confused sexualidentities
LatencyStage6 topubertySexual desires pushedto
background
Focus on intellectual and
socialpursuits
Important stage for development of
communication skills and self-
confidence
GenitalStagePuberty
through
Adultho
Sexual desiresrenewed Problems that emerge in this stage are
carried over from earlierstages
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages ofDevelopment

20. RELIGIONS
•JUDAISM
?holds a positive and natural outlook
toward marital sex which they
consider as blessed by God and
pleasurable for both man andwoman.
5
•ISLAM
family is considered of utmost
importance, and celibacy within marriage
isprohibited.

21. •TAOISM
?sex is not only natural and healthy, but a
sacred union necessary to SHRSOH?V
physical, mental and spiritualbeing.
•HINDUISM
sexuality is seen as spiritual force,
and the act of ritual lovemaking is
a means of both celebrating and
transcending thephysical.

22. •ROMANCATHOLIC
?marriage is purely for intercourse andprocreation.
?Pope John Paul II confirmed the idea that married couples
should engage in intercourse only for the purposes of
procreation.

23. •SexualIdentity-includes sexual orientation; his ability to manage sexual feelings; and his capacity to
regulate his sexual behaviour to avoid undesirableconsequences.
•Gender-refers to characteristics of people as males andfemales.
•Genderrole-a set of expectations that prescribes how females and males should think, act andfeel.
•Sex/Sexual-refers to the biological indications of male and female or having the capacityto
reproduce.
•Genderassignment-(natal gender) refers to initial assignment as male or females which usually
occurs atbirth.
•GenderReassignment-denotes an official and usually legal change ofgender.
CLARIFYING SEXUALTERMINOLOGIES
SEX
is derived from the Latinword
secare which means „toGLYLGH?
SEXUALITY
means to „toXQLWH?

24. •Genderassignment-(natal gender) refers to initial assignment as male or femaleswhich
usually occurs atbirth.
•GenderReassignment-denotes an official and usually legal change ofgender
•GenderIdentity-is a category of social identity that refersto an LQGLYLGXDO?Videntification as
male, female, or some category other than male andfemale.
•Masculine-refers to the qualities and behaviours judged by a particular culture to be ideally
associated with or especially appropriate to men and boys whereas Feminine can be described as
qualities and behaviours judged by a particular culture to be ideally associated with or especially
appropriate to women andgirls.
•Androgyny-those who have both masculine and feminine traits, feelings andqualities.
•Asexual-are persons who do not experience sexual drives or attraction to eithersex.
•Hypersexual-are persons with an excessive interest in sex to the point where it cancause
problems in RQH?Vlife.

25. THE PHASESOF
HUMANSEXUAL
RESPONSE

26. HUMANSEXUALRESPONSECYCLE
(Master andJohnson)
1

27. THETRIAPHASICMODELOFSEXUAL
RESPONSE
(Helen SingerKaplan)
2

28. EROTIC STIMULUSPATHWAY
THEORY
(DavidReed)
Focuses on the psychosocial aspects of sexualresponse.

29. THECHEMISTRY
OF LOVE, LUST,
AND
ATTACHMENT

30. ?Attraction is a characteristic that
causes pleasure or interest by appealing to a
SHUVRQ?Vdesires or tastes, and causes one to
be drawn to theother.

31. Stage Characteristics
Hormones andNeural
PathwaysInvolved
LustPhase This is described as an intense
craving for sexualcontact.
Androgen and oestrogen,
pheromones and thesenses.
AttractionPhase It is the period of time during
which couples are infatuated
and pursue a relationship.The
energy and attention is
focused on one particular
person.
Highdopamineand
norepinephrine;low
serotonin.
AttachmentPhase It is a long-term bond
between partners. It is a
feeling of security, comfort
and emotionalunion.
Oxytocin,vasopressin
Three Phases of RomanticLove
(Helen Fisher and colleagues,1998)

32. JOHN LEE’S LOVESTYLES
Eros(EH-ros)
Love is based on strong
sexual and emotional
component.
Agape(AH-gah-
pay)
This is the altruistic and
selflesslove.
Storge(Store-gay)
This is love-related
friendship and based on
nonsexualaffection.

33. Ludus
for ludic lovers, love
is just a game,
something for fun or
entertainment.
Mania
characterized by an
intense feeling which
may lead to obsessive
and possessive love
towards the loved
one.
Pragma
This is a
practical and
business-like
move.

34. ROBERTSTERNBERG’S
TRIANGULAR THEORY OFLOVE
?The triangular theory of love holds that love can be understood in
terms of three components that together can be viewed as forming
the vertices of atriangle.

35. SEVERAL TYPES OFLOVE
DESCRIBED BYSTERNBERG
Liking or
Friendship
Intimacy
Infatuation
Passion
EmptyLove
Commitment
RomanticLove
Passion andIntimacy

36. Companionate
Love
Intimacy and
Commitment
FatuousLove
Passion and
Commitment
ConsummateLove
Intimacy, Passion and
Commitment

37. THE CHEMISTRY OFLOVE
Dopamine(DA)
and
Norepinephrine
(NE)
Neurotransmitters
that are involved in
mood, motivation,
attention and
excitement. Brain
areas that fire when
people view a picture
of their romantic
partner are
pathways rich with
dopamine.
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter
associated with
mood, obsession,sex
and sleep.The level
of serotonin
decreases during
infatuation, which
may cause the
obsession one feels
during the early
phase oflove.
Phenylethylamine
(PEA)
A neurochemical
that can increase the
level of DA and NE
especially in the
pathways involving
mood andpleasure.
This has beencalled
the “lovedrug”
Oxytocinand
Vasopressin
The oxytocin causes
the uterus to
contract during
childbirth and allows
the release of breast
milk.
Vasopressin is also
important in pair
bonding and social
behaviour, memory
formation, as well as
bloodpressure.
Endorphins
Named for
“endogen
ous
morphine,” the
ERG\?Vnatural
opiates.
After the infatuation
ends and if the long
term relationship is
continuous,
endorphin levels may
increase.

38. PSYCHOLOGY OFLOVE
Behavioral
ReinforcementTheory
The better the feelings
associated with the behaviour of
a person, the more likely it is for
the behaviour to berepeated.

39. Physiological ArousalTheory
This explains the most acceptable theories
about emotions: the bodies experience a
physiological change first, then people assign
an emotion to that physical sensation. It is
based on the interpretation of the brain.

40. EvolutionaryTheories
This explains that love arouse due tosome
sociobiologicalneed.
Males tend to look for young, healthy female
mates to carry theiroffspring.
Females prefer males who have the
resources to support them and their
offspring.

41. Physical
attractiveness
Reciprocity
Proximity Similarities
factors thatwould
determine with
whom people fall
inlove

42. DIVERSITYOF
SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR

43. DIVERSITY OF SEXUALBEHAVIOR
?Adolescence is not only a time of physical changes, it is also
the period of increased sexual behaviour such as
preoccupation with sexual curiosity, fantasies, masturbation
and sexualexperimentation.
?These sexual desires may lead to poor social judgments, high
risk behaviors and lack ofdiscrimination.
?One of the necessary tasks of growing up is learning to cope
with RQH?Vsexual arousal and to achieve some balance between
when and where to properly express and suppressit.

44. Sociosexual
behaviour
?is sexual behaviour involving
more than oneperson.
?It is generally expressed in
heterosexual and homosexual
behaviour.
Solitary
behaviour
?is self-masturbation or self-
stimulation with the intention of
causing sexual arousal, a feeling of
pleasure and often results in
orgasm.
?It involves only one individual which
is commonly done inprivate.

45. EROTICDREAMS
•involuntary images that occur when people
are asleep which both male and female
experience at some point in theirlives.
•may result in vaginal lubrication or penile
erection andorgasm.
•However not all erotic dreams are wet
dreams and not all wet dreams areerotic.

46. SEXUALORIENTATION
?defined as a SHUVRQ?Vpredisposition
or inclination regarding sexual
behaviour, emotional attachment or
physical attraction to one or both
sexes.

47. Lesbian
?a term used to describe a
woman whose sexual and
romantic attraction is toward
women.
1.Homosexual
?refers to a person whose sexual orientation is toward anotherof
the samesex.
Gay
?a man whose sexual and
romantic attraction is towards
othermen.

48. 2.Heterosexual
?a person whose sexual
orientation is toward others of
the oppositesex.
3.Bisexual
?a person who may be sexually
oriented to both men and
women.

49. 4.Pansexual
?a new sexual orientation of persons
who are sexually attracted to people
regardless of their sex or gender
identity.
5.Transgender
?refers to the broad spectrum of
individuals who transiently or
persistently identify with a gender
different from their natalgender.

50. SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
(STI’S)

51. •Human Immunodeficiency
Virus/Acquired
ImmunodeficiencySyndrome
?HIV can lead to infections that attackand
destroy the CD4 (Tcells) of theimmune
system which is the ERG\?Vnatural defense
against such illnesses as tuberculosis,
pneumonia andcancer.
GenitalHerpes
?a sexually transmitted infection caused
by a large family of viruses of different
strains.

52. •GenitalWarts
?this is an STI caused by thehuman
papillomavirus
•Gonorrhea
?an STI caused by the bacterium
Neisseria gonorrhoeae which thrives in
the moist mucous membranes linings of
the mouth, throat, vagina, cervix,
urethra, and the analtract.

53. •Syphilis
?This is an STI caused by the bacterium
Treponemapallidum.
•Chlamydia
?most common sexually transmitted
infections, named for Chlamydia
trachomatis, an organism that spreads
through sexual contact and infects the
genital organs of bothsexes.

54. METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTIONS
(ARTIFICIAL ANDNATURAL)

55. 1.Hormonal method ofcontraception
?prevents the release of an egg orovulation
Oral contraceptives(Pills) Thepatch Thering
Implants Injectable

56. 2.Barriermethods
?methods that physically or chemically block the sperm from reaching an egg and
provide a barrier between direct skin to skincontact
Diaphragm CervicalCaps
Male and Female Condomsor
spermicides

57. 3.Behaviouralmethods
RhythmorCalendar
Method
awaytodeterminea
ZRPDQ?Vmostfertileand
infertiletimesbycharting
themenstrualcycle.
Abstinenceor
celibacy
it refers to the
avoidance of sexual
intercourse.
Outercourse
it is a sexual activity that
does not include the
insertion of the penis
into thevagina.
Withdrawal
it happens when a man
removes his penis from
the vagina and ejaculates
outside of the ZRPDQ?V
body.

58. 4.Sterilization
?procedures that make an individual permanently incapable of
conceiving or fertilizing apartner
Tuballigation/sterilization
it is the surgery for women in which the
fallopian tube are tied to prevent eggs from
travelling to the uterus so a woman cannot
getpregnant.
Vasectomy
it is an operation in which the surgeon
makes a small cut in the upper part of the
scrotum then ties or blocks the vas
deferens. Men can still have orgasm or
ejaculation after theoperation.

59. 5.Intrauterine device(IUD)
?itisasmalldevicethatisplacedin
theuterusbyadoctortoprevent
pregnancy.
6.EmergencyContraception
(EC)
?it is a measure that protects against
pregnancy after unprotected sex has
alreadyoccurred.

60. The Sexual Self