understanding verb tense.ppt

tenses

1. UNDERSTANDING VERB
TENSEWhat are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
Past and past perfect
Future and future perfect
Consistency of tense
Modals
Review A
Review B

2. What are the verb tenses?
Verbs do a lot of work in sentences. They show
actions and states of being. They even take
different forms to show time.
flies
flew will fly

3. Gwen playsguitar in a jazz band.
The tenseof a verb indicates the time of the
action or state of being expressed by the verb.
Past Future
Present
Present Perfect
She has playedin the band for three years.
Future
Future Perfect
Perfecttenses indicate that something happened
or existed beforea specific point in time.
Gwen will play in a concert tomorrow.She will have played inten concerts by April.
Past
Gwen played last year as well.
Past Perfect
She had played violin before then.
Present
What are the verb tenses?

4. The tenses of verbs are formed from the four
principal partsof verbs.
Present Participle
Base Form
Past
Past Participle
smile choose
[is] smil [is] choosing
smiled chose
[have] smiled[have] chosen
ing
What are the verb tenses?

5. Each tense has a progressive form,which is
used to express continuing action or state of
being.
What are the verb tenses?
Present progressive am, are, is talking
Past progressive was, were talking
Future progressive will (shall) be talking
Present perfect progressivehas, have been talking
Past perfect progressive had been talking
Future perfect progressive will (shall) have been talking

6. What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The present tenseexpresses an action or a
state of being that is occurring now, at the
present time.
Today we honor our veterans.
Polly is marching in the parade.
(Progressive form)

7. What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The present tense is also used in these ways:
In Grapes of Wrath,Steinbeck
showsus the extremes of life
during the depression.
to discuss a literary work
(literary present)
In 1927, Charles Lindbergh
fliesnonstop across the
Atlantic.
to make historical events
seem current (historical
present)
The sun risesin the east.to express a general truth
We recycleour aluminum
cans.
to show a customary or
habitual action or state of
being
We travelto Utah next month. to express future time

8. What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The present perfect tense
•is usually formed using the helping verbhave or
hasplus the past participle
•expresses an action or a state of being that
occurred at an indefinite time in the past
Mike has beenin several parades.
He has playedthe drum in all of them.

9. What are the verb tenses?
A helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb) is
used with a main verb to create a verb phrase.
I was reading a novel by Sandra Cisneros. I was reading a novel by Sandra Cisneros. I was readinga book by Sandra Cisneros.
Helping
verb
Main
verb
Verb phrase
Some commonly used helping verbs include is,
are, has, had, did, does, can, could, should, and
will.

10. What are the verb tenses?
Present and present perfect
The present perfect tenseis also used to
express an action or state of being that began in
the past and continues into the present. In this
case, perfectmeans complete.
Yoko has been takingflute lessons for
six years.
Mr. Lee has taughtmusic at our
school since 2004.
(Progressive form)

11. What are the verb tenses?
Past and past perfect
The past tenseexpresses an action or a state of
being that occurred in the past but did not
continue into the present.
They were swinging for a long time.
The two friends sharedthe large swing.
(Progressive form)

12. What are the verb tenses?
Past and past perfect
The past perfect tense
•is usually formed using had plus the past
participle
•expresses an action or a state of being that
ended before another past action or state of
being occurred
After Maria had gone home, Kim was bored.
She asked her dad about the time that he
had beena lifeguard at the beach.

13. What are the verb tenses?
Future and future perfect
The future tense
•is usually formed using willor shall plus the
base form
•expresses an action or a state of being that will
occur
My family will ride the train to Chicago.
We will bearrivingat five o’clock.
(Progressive form)

14. What are the verb tenses?
We can also express future
action in other ways.
We are going to make our
own costumes.
They are about to begin
the awards ceremony.
I havea test tomorrow.

15. What are the verb tenses?
Future and future perfect
The future perfect tense
•is usually formed using will haveor shall have
plus the past participle
•expresses an action or a state of being that will
end before another future action or state of
being
By the time you receive this letter, she will have
returnedhome.
After this trip, he will have beento Chicago
three times.

16. 1.Lia will beginthe yard work later.
Lia will have begunthe yard work by noon.
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be
prepared to explain the difference in meaning
between the sentences in each pair.
What are the verb tenses?
2.Jamie livedthere for three years.
Jamie has been livingthere for three years.
3.Some of the girls were practicingkarate.
Some of the girls have practicedkarate.

17. What are the verb tenses?
1.Lia will beginthe yard work later.
Lia will have begunthe yard work before
eating lunch.
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be
prepared to explain the difference in meaning
between the sentences in each pair.
future tense future perfect tense
Expresses an action
(beginning the yard work)
that will occur in the future
(later).
Expresses an action
(beginning the yard work)
that will be complete before
some future action takes
place (lunch).

18. What are the verb tenses?
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be
prepared to explain the difference in meaning
between the sentences in each pair.
past tense present perfect progressive
The action (lived) occurred
in the past and did not
continue into the present.
The action (has been living)
was occurring in the past and
continues into the present.
2.Jamie livedthere for three years.
Jamie has been livingthere for three years.

19. What are the verb tenses?
Identify the tense of each verb in bold. Be
prepared to explain the difference in meaning
between the sentences in each pair.
past progressive present perfect tense
The action (practicing) was
occurring in the past and
did not continue into the
present.
The action (practiced)
occurred in the past and
continues into the present.
3.Some of the girls were practicingkarate.
Some of the girls have practicedkarate.

20. [End of Section]
Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated
in parentheses.
1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.)
2.Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.)
3.By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.)
4.The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change
to future perfect progressive.)
5.My sister dances well. (Change to past.)
On Your Own
What are the verb tenses?

21. Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated
in parentheses.
1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.)
2.Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.)
3.By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.)
4.The team will practice for an hour with no break.
(Change to future perfect progressive.)
5.My sister dances well. (Change to past.)
Answers
What are the verb tenses?
1. I will not miss the bus.
2.Hadthey beenat the party?
3.By then, Keith will have returned.
4.The team will have been practicingfor an hour with
no break.
5.My sister dancedwell.

22. Consistency of tense
Do not change needlessly from one tense to
another.
To describe events that occur at the same time,
use verbs in the same tense.
Sara peekedover the fence and sawa cornfield.
Sara peeksover the fence and seesa cornfield.
past tense past tense
present tense present tense

23. Consistency of tense
For events that occur at different times, use
verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of
events.
The pitcher wishedthat he had practicedmore
before the game.
past tense past perfect tense
The action of wishing happened after the action of
practicing was complete.

24. Consistency of tense
For events that occur at different times, use
verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of
events.
Yesterday, Nina toldus that her brother works
every week at the senior center.
past tense
The action of telling occurred at a specific time in the
past. The action of working occurs now.
present tense

25. 1.Kira caught the ball and throws it to first
base.
2.Lily lives next door now but will soon move to
another town.
3.My cousin has broken his leg, so I helped him
get around.
Change each sentence to make the verb
tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your
answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
Consistency of tense

26. Consistency of tense
Possible Answer
1.Kira caught the ball and threwit to first
base.
The actions occur at the same time, so the verbs
should both be in the same tense.
Change each sentence to make the verb
tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your
answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).

27. Consistency of tense
The action of living takes place now, but the
action of moving will happen later.
Change each sentence to make the verb
tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your
answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
2.Lily lives next door now but will soon move to
another town.
C

28. Consistency of tense
Possible Answer
The action of breaking the leg happened before
the action of helping.
Change each sentence to make the verb
tense consistent. Be prepared to explain your
answers. Hint: One sentence is already correct (C).
3.My cousin hadbrokenhis leg, so I helped
him get around.

29. Consistency of tense
[End of Section]
On Your Own
Proofread the paragraph for unnecessary changes of verb
tense. Change the verbs to make the tenses consistent.
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to
study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops
by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and
calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing
companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so
happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark
clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first.

30. Consistency of tense
Possible Answers
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to
study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang
drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the
stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a
fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I
was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some
dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first.
dropped ran
called
got
noticed
had

31. Modals
A modalis a helping verb that is joined with a
main verb or an infinitive to express an attitude
toward the action or state of being of the main
verb.
Helping verbs used as modals
can couldmay mightmust
ought shallshouldwill would

32. Modals
The modal canor couldis used to express ability.
Tammy canplaypoint guard in the second half.
The team couldhave madebetter shots.

33. Modals
The modal mayis used to express permission or
possibility.
Yes, you mayborrowmy sweater.
I mightgivesome of my clothing to charity.
The modal mightis used to express possibility.
Permission
My clothes closet maybetoo full. Possibility

34. Might/May
Often, the possibility expressed
by mightis less likely than the
possibility expressed by may.
The mechanic said the brakes
mayneed work.
We mightfinish early, but I
doubt it.
likely
less likely

35. Modals
The modal mustis used most often to express a
requirement. Sometimes, mustis used to express
an explanation.
We mustconserveenergy in our homes.
My brother musthave left the lights on.
Requirement
Explanation

36. Modals
The modal oughtis used to express an obligation
or a likelihood.
Reggie ought tostudy harder for math
quizzes.
The next quiz ought tobemore difficult
than the last one.
Obligation
Likelihood

37. Modals
The modal willor shallis used to express future
time.
After reviewing the entries, the
panel willannounce the winner.
I shallentermy painting in the contest.

38. Modals
The modal shouldis used to express a
recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility.
Terrell shouldleavesoon to catch
the bus.
All students shouldget to school
on time.
Recommendation
Obligation
Possibility
Shouldyou arrivelate, please go
to the office first.

39. Modals
The modal wouldis used to express the
conditional form of a verb. In other words, it is
used to express a situation that is contrary to fact.
If the weather had been more pleasant,
they wouldhave goneon a picnic.
Mrs. Chang wouldbehappy to prepare
food if you bring the plates and forks.

40. Modals
Wouldcan also be used to express future time in
a subordinate clause when the main verb in the
independent clause is in the past tense.
They promised us that they would bring the music.
past tense verb
Main clause
They promisedus that they wouldbringthe music.
Subordinate clause
modal expresses future time

41. Modals
Wouldis sometimes used to express
Every day she wouldwakeearly and feedthe hens.
Wouldyou like a nice, fresh salad?
•an action that was repeated in the past
•an invitation or offer
•a polite request
Wouldyou please bringme those books?

42. 1.The weather report said it may snow.
2.I tried, but I could not learn the program.
3.All participants must return their permission
slips by Friday.
Identify the modal in each of the following
sentences. Be prepared to tell what is expressed by
the modal.
Modals

43. Identify the modal in each of the following
sentences.
Modals
1.The weather report said it maysnow.
The modal may expresses possibility.

44. Identify the modal in each of the following
sentences.
Modals
The modal could expresses ability.
2.I tried, but I couldnot learn the program.

45. Identify the modal in each of the following
sentences.
Modals
The modal must expresses a requirement.
3.All participants mustreturn their permission
slips by Friday.

46. Modals
[End of Section]
Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence.
1. Jen _____ have cleaned out the garage yesterday.
2._____ you please help Merrill with that large box?
3.You _____ probably guess what I am about to say.
4.If the train had been faster, we _____ have arrived
sooner.
5.I’m not certain, but I think Dad _____ be cooking stew
for dinner tonight.
On Your Own

47. Modals
Possible Answers
Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence.
1.Jen musthave cleaned out the garage yesterday.
2.Wouldyou please help Merrill with that large box?
3.You canprobably guess what I am about to say.
5.I’m not certain, but I think Dad mightbe cooking stew
for dinner tonight.
4.If the train had been faster, we wouldhave arrived
sooner.

48. Review A
Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense
indicated in parentheses.
1.The otter swamto the edge of the pond. (present
perfect)
2.Our class will readShakespeare’s Macbeth. (future
progressive)
3.The three sisters regularly meet for lunch. (past)
4.Each student choosesa lab partner.(past perfect)
5.Wasps were enteringthe house through the torn screen.
(present)

49. Review A
Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense
indicated in parentheses.
1.The otter has swum to the edge of the pond. (present
perfect)
2.Our class will be readingShakespeare’s Macbeth.
(future progressive)
3.The three sisters regularly metfor lunch. (past)
4.Each student has chosena lab partner.(past perfect)
5.Wasps enterthe house through the torn screen.
(present)

50. Review B
[End of Section]
1.Colleen _____ almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability)
2.Jack _____ repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense)
3.Most of the girls _____ already left. (present perfect)
4.I _____ attend the concert if only I had more time.
(shows a condition)
5.Tamara opens the refrigerator and _____ inside.
(consistent tense)
Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to
complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses
will help you.

51. Review B
Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to
complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses
will help you. (Some answers may vary.)
1.Colleen canalmost reach the light bulb. (shows ability)
2.Jack willrepair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense)
3.Most of the girls havealready left. (present perfect)
4.I wouldattend the concert if only I had more time.
(shows a condition)
5.Tamara opens the refrigerator and looksinside.
(consistent tense)

52. The End