UNDP-WEB-Publication-ABS-is-GR-for-SD_compressed.pdf

Use of genetic resources for sustainable development

1. == “ABS is Genetic
* Resources

4. Ep

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6. CONTENTS

Foreword
Message of support
Introduction.

AFRICA
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ARAB STATES
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ASIA
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7. CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE
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LATIN AMERICA &THE CARI
Agen

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Deia Reb

Feud

Meso.

Para
Unga

PACIFICISLANDS
Cokin
Soma

Acronyms
Acknowledgements
Photographers.
Tíbuteto Dr Edna Molewa

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38

154
86

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238
239
239
240

8. FOREWORD

The power of innovation, derived from traditional knowledge, science and

technol

many other products which are indispensable for human exist

ogy, has transformed genetic resources into medicines, food, beverages and

ce on this planet.

In fact, it can be argued that both genetic resources and innovation underpin

sustainable development.

Formiemindigenous peoples andlocal communities
ave managed genetic resources and today, they
tue to be een to sustaln the Iihods of
communities About75% ofthe words population les
upon gel plant based adn treatment for
primary healthcare. Old and new apt varies
{that can anipate the Impacts of hate change need
tobe maintained o sut a owing population The
Biotechnology industry is constant hamessng King,
‘organisms to develop pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and
‘Gop protection agents hat an be used as substitutes
forharmfl chemicals hat polite ves ad oceans. The
energy and manufacturing Sectors ae als using mir
‘organisms to degrade paliar and dean up plated
Stes, to provide energy, and to help make paper and
detergents.

The publatin ABS Genetic Resoucesfor Sustainable
Development unes the potent of genetiresources
to develop novel products fr the actu, cop
protection, pharmaceutical personal care and fod!
evene indus. The colon of capter fom

27 counties provides à glimpse in the invcades
of biodscorery stories, thelr contribution to the
Sistlable Development Goa (SD, andthe le of
local stakeholders inthe development natal avs
and poles tha atte access 1 gente resources
and ensure that benefits ar shared between the ses

and provdesof these resources.

This book states elos supported by the Global
Envtonment Faity and UNOR, cried out by
‘governments loa communities, andthe rate sector
10 Implement the three objectives ofthe Convention
on Big Diver; namely the consenation of
ological ves sustainable use andthe equtable
Sharing ofbeneis derived from heutliationofgenetc
resources While ntl the countries hote in vs
publcaionareParestothe NagoyaProacl on Acs
and Benet Sharing (ABS), all of them have signed
the Protocol and have been Insle by the Prtocl
10 develo or srengihen ther AB polis laws and
Insitutions cacy ata level

9. ‘Thisbookaloshowsthargenescresouces ae strategie
for achieving the SDGs The sois ofthe eyewitnesses
andsustanabe development advoatesin ch chapter
‘emonsate that gene resources are acts
of the 2090 Agenda fr Sustainable Development
\enetcresoucesarecontibuting poverty alien
(506 1, foo security 506 2, good heath and we
being (SDG 3), gender equlty (SOG 5), novation
(506 9 and li on and (DG 15 js to name a few.
Furthermore, the biodscovery Stoves ae excellent
examples of naonl and international parres
(506 17 neededto promote al the SDs.

ALS

Genetic resources are indeed à mesure trove of
the planet tat need to be hamesed fr present
and future generations, and there ess a cle ink
between Bodies use and economic growth The
Nagoya Protocol provides a platform fo the equitable
sharing of benefits at eitates bot the sust
evelopment of indigenous peoples and local
communes andthe continued consenaton of our
‘atl capital or many yes to come

‘NAOKO Ist ‘ACHIM STEINER CRISTIANA PASCA PALMER
Crorpenet he ta Desscomen ogame ‘gee Ove,

10. MESSAGE OF SUPPORT

Humankind has always managed genetic resources
In daly Me selecting seeds, improving varieties
trough breeding, obtaining secondary products with
fementaton processes. bread bee orclvating
or collecting medal plans, In the Lt 40 yews,
modern biotechnology has brcadened the usage and
value of genetic resources o that now they can be the
aw materi for new processes of imatón and new
products wih exemel high values.

AL the top of the biotecnology make e
pharmaceutical Indust, flowed by gro indus,
phyossnita, focd and beverages, and cosmetic
setos Acommonunforunate caracter flbose
sector as hat they did not provide ary bene ack
{othe county where the gene resources came fom,
With he international and nation implementation of
the Nagoya Protocol the challenges st trea the
{ae and equtable sharing ofthe benefi dered rom.
the ulation of he genetic resources with the fll
úparicaton ofall the rent actos Goverment,
Indigenous peoples and local communis, reset
commun aná pe seco).

South Korea became a Pat tthe Nagoya Protocol
on August 17 207, reaffming the commitment that
had been expressed wth the organization ofthe 12h
Conference ofthe Parties (COP-12 ofthe Convention
on Bilgkal Diversity and the Ist Meeting of the
Paris MOP.) ofthe Nagoya Protocol in Pyeongchang
in October 2014 Since then, South Korea hs been
«olboraing wäh other counts the region and
ferent intemational ganizations o promote the fall
Implementation ofthe Procol

Drawing on the siga body of work frances
"oye Gota Envronmen Fady (EP) ad supported
‘bythe UntedNatons Development Programme UNDP)
and its mary partners, is publication ‘ABS ls Genetic
Resouces fr Sustainable Development, showcases a
selection gas stud rom 27 counties at highlight
ot on the Impact af the Nagoya Protocol nto the
Sstlable Development Gal(1,2.35,8 9,11 1418.

or 17) bu as how the newbiodscoveies ae binging
concrete sustainable development opportunites Tis
publication demonsrats how the Nagoya Protocol
(an ply crucial le in raging new opportunities
‘evelopment atthe loa eva in part, or those
that are the custoins of adr

1 believe that the examples showcased in the
publaon wil be an important source of norton
‘to broaen the implementation ofthe Nagoya Protocol
global. Bedlversty is the fay lent in sustaining
‘he geb eonstem and secu the fue of the
‘mankind and therefor 1a precious hestage est
protect and pass own tothe next genie.

‘Oniyifwepopealueourbedvestyandgenetic
resources, we wil be able 1 secure Is conservation
and sustainable use. | hope that this publican wi
celeate our wok for bodes conservation and
rent coito the global implementation ofthe
Nagoya Petco,

Cb AR

‘CHUNYOO PARK.
ce Mina nity oven
"ecco

11. INTRODUCTION

The 2014 Nagoya Protocol en Aces to Genet
Resources and Benet sharing (ABS) has brought
renewed impetus to the ABS policymaking proces by
(ling upon each nation t establish deo rules and
procedures that rngega certainty andsecurytoboth
users and providers of genetic resources, Cnsequent,
today more than eve, contes rately engaged in
the development of ratianal polis to regulate ABS,
‘The Protea as aso been brought 1 he attention of
‘sonal and internaonl uses of genetic resources,
ho are approaching counties o aces the genetic
resources, develop products and make sure that the
‘benefits derived om the ulation and marketing of
‘thse products ae shared equitably wth the providers
of thee resources. Stakeholders are Becoming more
mare ofthe stag le genetic resources ply in
fostering the 2030 Agenda fr Susainale Development
vanced by the Unite Nations since 2015, ad his Is
one ofthe key objectives ofthis book

‘Tis publication revel the impact ofthe Nagoya
Protocol ad national AB famewerks in 27 counts
rom segons Aca, the Arab tates, Ai, Cental &
Este Europe, Latin Ameria & the Caribbean andthe
Pacfcsands The captrsareauthoredby esperan
actions fom goverment. research insti,
Indigenous peoples and loa communes. ch
hate overs one county ands fcused party on
‘one biodscoery case which is baal a stoy of hom
ocio! knowledge since, ecology and human
Ingest have been used 10 develop nov products
rom genet esouces.Eyewinesses and sustainable
development advocates provide a personal acount of
Impact ofthe biodcover case including a ection
onke challenges and how they were overcome,

“he lonowatons described in the book target
the industes of agur, coppetecen,
pharmaceutifod/beverges and cosmetics, and this
sa good incio ofthe sigan local capacities of
‘these 27 ceunies not, one o he mast meeting
fins ofthis publican i that most counties chin
‘ological and genetic resources have developed loca
Scenic and ecological pais which, together
wih rational knowledge, arehumesting the potenti
of gene resources. Ts Station was nat common.
‘over 25 years ago when the Convention on Biologia

Diversity came it oc. Furthermore today counties
ae using the Nagoya Potcdl coupled with rational
senc pole, as a strategy 10 cominue increasing
thelr scenic and tecnologica apadıy and ensuing
that benefs of Bobglal and gene resources ae
shared equiably amongst users and provides of
geneiresoures.

“Thsbookialoaviolclebatonfoutbiologkal
_geneticand cura versity Thereader wile akenon
Journey around the wr stg diferent counties
and landscapes and meeting indigenous peoples
and local communities, scents and poleymakers
Cover ferent comes of the work, rom Jordan
within the ancient etl Crescent region where genes
stl contribute to new varies of ete tthe humid
Jungle of Coed in Colombia where a dye is being used
bythe ood inst the tods ol this book eveat how
st being but nd how these novatos facie
Implementation ofthe Sustainable Development Goals
ofthe United aten

This back demanstates that the fre forthe
sustainable use of biologi and genetic resources ls
ee. We hope you enjoy the oumey though these
‘unis their bldscovery cases and peoples. asmuch
‘swe ejoy working with them.

ADRIANA DINU
cv Cot Gt Emienect Fran
eur Poy and ogre Spat
Usted ens Dewopmer Fogar

nmoovenon ©

12. BIODISCOVERY CASES

BOTSWANA
CAMEROON
ETHIOPIA
Kenya =
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA «3
RWANDA 4

15. z
E

16. SETTING THE SCENE

Botswana Isa cy endowed county that has 13
endemic species, 10 potentially endemic and 7 near.
endemic plant species, while 43 plant secs ae listed
3 threatned species, Botswana habita to over 157
Species of mammalan fun, 587 species of aan,
99 Gh species, 131 rele, 44 amphibians, 252
inustbrats per the 2016 National Biologia Diversity
Strategy aná Action Pan. Ths cn is own pes ofthe
rs and porel ofthe genetic resources that
the county cer Botwanss population of about
2024797 people spread over the 582000 m fhe
‘ast ecoregions which also denotes the diversity inthe
use of Biological resources and associated ade
oonledge.

‘There are several research instutons that provide
à bacdrop of knowledge on the genetic resources,
Such as the Univesity of Botswana science based
departments, Botswana University of Agri and
Nat Resouces (BUAN), Botswana Itematonal
University of Sclence and Tecnology (BUST) and
Univesity of Botsuana Okavango Research Intute
{UE 08), However there ae nt may instalo at
are cunenty working cn the voran of genetic
resources The fw that ae inde the atonal Food
Technology Research Centre (NFTRO, Koes Ya Te
M, alar Conservation Society (CS) and the
(entre for Scenic Research Indigenous Knowledge

and inovation (Cesk at, number of products
have been developed or heal malt and are being
solinlocal heath shops andy set vendors.

This dites that heres good potential for market.
expansion for natural products and ths theresa cca
need to have a fly operational gave amevork
that vl gevem not only the resource harvesting
but abo protect the knowledge that asocited
With the ulzaten of these resources including 1
‘documentation. Therefore ls also of rat importance
Lo ensure that thee isa usine ue of the resource
set ait depletion ue to ts oersplonatn.

CIE AE a PE

17. Biodiscovery case

In the smal but vibrant vilage of Shalawe thee sa
group of women bound by thes wl for an improved
‘helo. They aw pentane resources tha hey
hae been Ling par ofthe childhood andas aught
Voy tet forefathers Mrs Nara, oe ofthe funders who
paridpated inthe ABS cape bung workshop in
Snake in May 2018 emplasie that "We formed the
‘Matt-o-Mongongo group becuse we notes that we
‘cone the resources hat we have abundantly to cam a
‘load: The group ornate as women ony, but
‘thas since taken men onboard. Ths group of women
ares ruts of the mongong species (nophyton
‘eutanenl Euphorbiaceae) once they hve fen fom
‘the wee and use them for developing seve! proves
‘These product cove food and beverages, osmets
and acute. Theft part is sed o produce je
‘he nuty par ofthe kenne sued to produce ol and
they productsoftheol are used 1 produce soap.

‘The above production is undertaken by lec! women
wth he support rom loca autores suchas Dios
(lage che, government department, namely the
Deparment of Frey and Range Resources and the
Department of Envicamental As, and relevant
Projects such as the Sustainable Land Management
SUN Project in Ngamdand ad the UNOP-GEF Gaba
ABS Project.

The SIM Project facies and finances the
‘esblshment ofthe processing pat wie the Gaba
ABS Proc I sing withthe development of the
requise suppr 100, including the development ofa
oc Community Protocol andthe esabishent
of procedures conceming th Por Informed Consent
{PCI and the Mural Agred Terms (MAT) or à

‘model mate transe agreement to enable far and
equtabe sharing of benefis fom bioprospectingof the
gene resources at come fom the mengongo tee
Communities in ad around Sakave, Th wil erable
the larzaton of the mongongo genetic resource and
st in dewlping oer products from his resource
Theproject wl aso supprteseachandanabssfthe
mongong value chain to generate addon sad
economie nfrmaton witha vewt farther developing
‘heresourc in ine with the Nagoya Protec,

‘There is an important body of tradonl knowledge
that Is asodated with this genetic resource. The
lis believed o have healing characteristics (ant
infammatr, nous. etc) The eggshaped, red:
‘own rus, which pen and fl been March and
Ma, conan a tin layer of bl es around a har
sone, nie thi stone, there 1 à tasty and Nighy
ut ut sina toa almond hat, when peed,
vieldsthe mengongo it Mongongeolituiedasabody
‘bby the Kung Bushmen of ellas to ense and
most tien, and protect against the hash
desert environment oth the eile Mes of heft
aná lar an important par ofthe primary et of
‘helfang Bushmen.

‘Theale ofthe resource and the assoc atonal
Inontedgesincesngh being unearthed. heaton
Focal Pint fr he Convention on Biological Diversity
and the Nagoya Protocol Is in recep of requests
for approval to rade with resources that ae being
‘rainy sed by the local communis. These are
coming fom vous other communities and companies
rom within Botswana tat ave inc appre the
potential reruns or asin wading with resources

18. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

In Botswana, resources belong tothe
government and any Motswana may se

‘them for their subsistence Ina workshop
heldin Gaborone in August 2018, key ABS
stakeholders sought to better understand the
state of traditional knowledge asccatd with
genetic resources the country, and how this
can be integrated int the legal framework
being developed on Aces to Genetic Resources
‘andthe Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
Arising from their Uiliaion in accordance to
‘the provisions of the Nagoya Protocol

They lso developed and refined
recomendations forthe new ABS policy

and legal framework being prepared by the
‘county, including documentation prospecting
‘access permit and fair and equitable sharing
of benefits:

Our rich natura resource base and the
indigenous knowledge we has
‘the year around it can be sustainably sed

ult over

togenerateempleyment and oral for
the country.

AR THABANG LESUEBOTSHONA, Deputy eminent
Secta oan Maty Emme il
Bess Comenten ar

19. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

he Mangongobiociscorry ase wl cout t the

folowing SOG:

5062 Zero Hunger the mongongo communis
are consdeing the propagation of he wee withthe
‘et ensuring the sustaiableharesing ofthe
fruit the coming years The enhanced production
ofthe ol ao improve the tito
Compoiion of thefeodbeof the fares tat
ares mongongo ft The by product aer
pressing ls used andate o foodas
animent and ts vigo along way to nur,
ecran of hunger nthe communities and
around Stata

1 5065 (Gender Equal) SGD So requires
“undeating eformsto ve women equal gis to
and conta over and and other eos ol proper.
financial eve Ihertane andnatual esouces
Inaccordnce with atonal: The development

ofthe Boca Community Protocol wi enable
the ascertainment of women ight to acess and
use the Mongongoresoures andthe fective
inslvementinludinginthe various phases of
product development

5068 Decent Work and Economic Gow) =
Promote detopment rented polis tat
Support productive ces decent raten,
entrepreneur est and novation, and
encourage the formalization and growth of miro,
smal and medium aed enterprises ng
trough acess to Banca serves. Aces and
Benefit Strings key mechanism mong al
‘ulate emtronmena agreements aimed
ately hamessng new opportunites or
economie nd sci development The Mongongo
roule alo is component ana fact
Imgroredtveliod forte commun,

20. BEN
SHARING (ABS)
PROJECT

Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Botswana signed the COD in June 192 ad aiid it
in Octobe 1985, im order oct the conservation
of Biological ies, the sustainable use of ls
Components and the fr and equitable sharing of
the benefi ring out of the ulation of genetic
resources Botswana ao rated the Nagoya Protocol
12 October 2014 Botswana aso deeoped the National
Boop Diversity Stategy and Acton lan (NBSAP)
hich was recent reviewed in 201,

The Forest Act of 1968 alloys leal communities to
ares resources for a minima cast and ensues hat,
I there ls harvesting for commercial purposes, i 5
done at à sustainable pce with de consideran to
the resource bas, The Conservation of Actual
Resouces Ac of 1983 provides o cool over the use
ofthe atra gra resources The atonal Policy

on Natal Roues Conseraton of 1990 ia
‘he protection of aural resources byadveating forthe
Undertaking of nvianmental Impact Aseszments (A)
forced trough the Envitonmenta Assessment Ato
2010 Frthemors the dual Property At of 2010,
‘whichis cunt being reviewed and update, lows
for the protection of waditons knowledge ao
with genet resources.

Botswana tough supporto the UNDP-GEF Global ABS
Project has established a dafing group o (cate
the deelopment ofthe ABS legal famewerk. isa
ul-sakehoder team that i: compres of varus
depariments and organisations Doing the dang
proces he roup has abo valise ofthe expert
and recommendations from ABS constants wth a
en 1 upraing the ABS leal ameno

21. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

“Phe Mongongo projet carves great hope for
community members especial the women
ml. has high potential to contribute to
liethoed and he local economy. The projet, as
hol, iserperieneing challenge relating o
euablishing controls ond procs such as iproving
‘he organizational structures, governance toms

tng ability ofthe "Motute-a
Mongongo” group products. The group needs to
‘eased, no only with nance, but also with
technical resources o enable it to al function and
realize its sustainable development objectives.”

and the ma

MSDINED GABOREKWE, AB Projet fic flowing
the apa waco the sate gene
insano

22. Sharing benefits from the bottom up and improving
the livelihoods of local communities

23. AUTHORS
AURELIETAYLORPATIENCEDINGOM |

24. SETTING THE SCENE

Deep nthe Congo Basin, which hatbous the words
second gest rainforest, Cameroons teh oder
and gene hetage has eared her the name of
‘aca nile: The total county area aioe hal
mln km, 46% of which covered by forests wth
‘more than 9.00 species of plants with 156 endemic,
927 species of Bits (neiding 24 restitedonge
Species and257 mamma wi Benders) More han
20 00 forest and savannah elephants and mandi,
Puls, bongo antelapes and statunga roam the
landscape. Cameroon ls home o teatened rea
apes Including chimpanzees and two subspecies of
gorila: Westen Lowland gol and Ac est
ape the Gos iver gol,

Cameroons natural resources provide the wal
foundations for fod ecuty and heath the county.
Manyofth 22 lin esidentsliveineal communis
and are dependent on forests fr feed, hunting and
ing taten or smal scale apculturefe sda

kee

Cameron rank 152 out of 17 counts inthe Human
Development index More thn 30% ofthe population
les on ss than one US dolar a day, desp e fact
that Cameron has one ofthe highest tea rats
nati,

fie divese vegetation zones ining: opel
fore, coastal and marine, montane forest sano
sahelon and savannah. These ones roe the pere
haat for a ange of specs that can potently be
used under the Nagoya Protocol. They include the
angiosperm dlotyledanous plants Monge Indica
(anscaacee) Monde white Apacnacee), cing
gentes (stercen), Caro popaya (Cancel,
Renondendin Peudeuoni aphotiaeze, ing
gnbonen's Ovnglacee), Cola tido (Hahacee),
Azaéroeka inde ela), Mange oleo
(Morgan) ium give and Ecos globus
(Myrtaceae, Calo els (lace), Puras aticona
(Roses), Gus mon and C. aurantum (utacene;
angiosperm menoctyledonousplansAnpone marke
(Annonaceae Ale ear Asphodelacae), Gmbopogen
‘vous Poaceae) and Zngber ofchale(Angbe ace)
‘andthe gmnosperm Gnetum ana (Getacese,

25. Biodiscovery case

‘he GEF-fnanced and UNDPimplemented medium
nero A bottom-up approche ABS: Community
level capaci development fo sucessful engagement
in AS ae ans in Cameroon together with the ABS
Capacity Development aims o bul apres
te national anda levels to develop speci ale
‘als or Ecinopsggones and Mondi whe hat
are complat wit the ABS pines enshined inthe
Nagoya otal

The project 5 working wih local communis on

A850

1 Reduc biodiversity ls by generating greater
loca and nations economic benef from genetic
resources pong an important nent lr
bodies consenaton and

1 strengthen the stevardshipandrights of
Indigenous ands communities LC) to
‘their resources andtadtionalinowiedge(K
«onto oloalconsenaio and sstainable
ee bodies

Developing these two valve chains wil ay the
goundwor or ablshment of other valve chan in
‘the county and rein. Fr example, Gnetum afana
‘abe sein the production of whisky while era
parade (Sopotaceane) can be exploted in the
rouen es bute The projet wl ako support
‘dif signcatlealchangesatthenational eve

Lang ag, according 1 local legend a lager ate a
mea of yo soup’ that was so tasty and sled
o iting that he id ot rs uni he Ana which
Ingrdient was used 1 prepare the di. He scene
that twas Echinps glares which san htbaceous
perennial plant ofthe Asterce fay found in only
‘te regions of Cameron ~ the soubwes west and
‘northwest. The genus chinopscompries approximately
120 specs commonly known a lobe thistle. These
ae native 10 Europe, EastCetal Asa and o the
‘mountain tropical Aa The defining hance
ofthese species ae the lage spiny leaves and lobe
es o allshaped seed heads, which gow a he
top ofthe pins

26. In recent yer, esearch has ben undertaken 10
ere the potential of biological sources in
¡Cameron by the Man and Nature Foundation
In the ME Bamboutor ars, indigenous peoples
in ie locales have provided adora!
knowledge about Eno, wth supor from à
locINGO ~ERUDEF Researchreveled tat ilgers
In each eaty hae a diferent verra name
forthe plan, fr example, "lage in Magho-
Bamunbu. Vilges use the rots owes and
leaves fr food on medicine Recently cenit
‘have fund tha the oot ofthe Ecinpecataln
‘sent ls which potentially make it valuable
to the fogrance and favour sectors. I has alo
exibted coton and antbaceral properties,
thus proving baseline informan for use in
contemporary medicine.

Monde white a popular mesial plan species
‘endemic aos fica. ln Camercon, however, the
_lantsfoundinonytheerejons~thesouthwest,
‘west and he tes Even in these reson it
found any in some speci areas For example in
‘the northeastern prt ofthe souhwes region of
Cameron, mona sound in the remote are of
Labilem at elevations ranging from 2001 600 m
(Bangang) and 1451 1835 m (Len) plat
ls known localy as "ang bongo" and Yang,
respective in these two regen.

Theplntisalansoreimbingshrubupto20mlng.
‘The rots become woody with age and ae highly
aromatic In Lele, used by communities as
‘medicine has a pronounced varia Be odour
and ates lie mor of igor ad ginge,
‘whch make uefa food Moor agent

Reseach is curently under way by a French
«company Y. Mane Fi for extraction of essential
où hat can be used bythe cosmetics industry. An
agreement hasbeen reached between Mane Fs
andthe Minis y ofnvonment Nate Protection
and Sustainable Development MINEPDED withthe
local communities of Magha Bambu and Lewoh
to alow acest local plants Te agreement was
mediated by the Man and Nature Foundation and
ERUDEF Athoughtsnotyetknown fpraducsean
be deveoped a flow up and eralation missen.
il be el con 1 com the potenti fr ale
ofthe 101501 Manda wht wih Benes fr lea
‘communities according to thenegotited terms.

27. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

“The esploittion of Echinops giganteus
has improved the livelihoods ofthe people

(of Magha-Bomumbu village exponentially
Parents involved inthe value chain -
Production, harvesting and ales = are ale

o generate secure income that enables them

o pay or ther children to attend shoot ond
provide ood fo their families This is mat a
‘umbersome project; people can ge involved
inplant production while continuing with
‘heir daily chores and ater incame-genratng
activities Ifyou grow or harvest Echinops,

os can sell ito Ve Mane Fils fora fir price.
The company ha alo agreed to improve
Local heath infrastructure and support road
maintenance inthe area”

is MAJESTY ON EKO, Maga bie,

A Santos

The community of Lewoh In the Lean division ls
highly mothated to super the production of Monda
white Contes planing of Mondio reduces the
pressure exerted on the species found in the wi A
est four stems are needed o suport the climes
This way, ever lange wid ces ae feed to harvest
themonds,

is

28. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by
the biodiscovery case

The implementation of the Nagoya Protest through
the development of ale chins for tops inte
and Monda white have contre tthe achievement
106 1 No poverty, SOG 2 er hunge SDG 3 Good
health nd vel bn 506 4 Quay education 506 5
(Sender equal, SOG 8 Decent work and economic
rot, SOG Indust, ira and intacto
306506 15 Leon an.

Representa fom the communis of Mogho
‘Bamumbu and Leah who ate ately nvled nthe
‘production, harvesting an anfomation of he os
ofthese species, whlch ae subsequently sod tothe
Mane Fis have received signant benef fom their
involvement inthe project The income that acres
rom sles enables the local communes of Maha
Bamumbu and Lewoh o improve their lethoods
(S065 1,2, and 5) and to meet rei ose nes Sle
are ot ely made 1 he French frm bu aso to loca

‘makes With Improved nome, chien ae ale 1090.
10 school 5064 Essential ls exacted fom the roots
ofthese two plant species re used in he cosmetic ond
food indus thereby conan 05063,

Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

‘Cameroon sa signatory othe Convention on loge
Diversity (CO) and the Nagoya Protocol. though
Cameroon dl nt become a pry tthe Protocol un
2017 sigifcantmesureshave end beenputinplace
ice adoption 2010.Tisneudes the designation
fan ABS foal pin who coorlnates implementation
actives assisted bya stering committe headed by
MNEPOED. In 2012, Cameroon elaborate a rational
-8Ssrategy, which defined fe ars of intervention:
(@paciy bula, institutional and legal Famenetk,
administration, promation and valuation of genetic
resources and tational knowledge, In 2016, the

Project supported the development of an AB ación
planto mplement the trate

Wah technical support fom à team of intematonl
Consults tough the UNDP GEF ABS project, à
Speci lw on ABS and it eguotery text as now
been cated for review by the national ABS String,
Commitee. Under the national ABS famework, the
local communities of Magha Bamunbu signed an MoU
with Mane Fs in 2015, which nuded PI and MAT
forresearchand development of Echinops antes

29. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

The implementation ofthe ABS proces in
Cameroon can be characterized as Yearning
doing: As the project has advance, we have
learned important leans about promoting
‘alu chains that Benefit he poorest and.

leave no-one behind

We have also seen that conservation tratgis
for the protection f genetic resources and cal
bicdivers and east services must be
rortzed before nature is exploited

And sobre privat sector partner commit

o support loca development, itis positive

to construct infrastructure in aras hat

generat new avenues for work for local youth
For example in the caso the Echinops and
Mondi value chains, a factory o pracesng plant
‘nul have been instal in Lebilem o extract
essential il before export to Franc. This would
have ensured tha a valuable component of the
‘value chain remained in Cameroon Bringing
‘additional long-term benefi

‘his important to persuade local communities that
ABS is reality and not amyıht"
AURA LENNY BANE, Da Dee ony

lfvienent 24 Sea Deepest (ANETO,
Vos Department Liga Cameron

30. Harnessing the cosmetic potential of
| swspecies of Osyris (Santalaceae) -

31. AUTHORS

ASHENAFI AYENEW HAILU

32. SETTING THE SCENE

Ethiopia is endowed with geogaphkal density and
mat vr. Frm 126 m below solve in the
‘anal Depresion to 4 620 m above sn level a as
ashen Mountain, agecologic ones spread actos
rugged mountain fa opped plates, deep gorges,
Ince er valles and olig plains, making Ela
one fe words bide hotspot.

Out of 6 00 higher plant species known in Ethiopia,
10% ae considered endemic. There ae 75 bees of
Cate, sheep, goat, dromeday, equines ad chickens
and se speces of honey bees Large numbers of wild
Species of mamma, bids, rep, fs, amphibans
and arhropods have been corded with many Bing
‘endemic te Eon

Infact county has alge numberof endemicpant
and anima species, and higher number of endemic
ir species than any other county in mainland Ai

Body in Ethops sof ery high agua! and
Indus significance. Agite amounts to 40%
of rational GDP and generates about 74% of export
eamings The county ia center for relate
(op he cle, el (Eragon te, Poaceae), ense
(Erste vencsum, Musaces), and ls a center of
versity for many ro species ke durum heat bare
‘and sorghum, Insts in he country that produce
food and beverage, etl ad leather, ge depen
On pn and animal esurcesfor the aw materia

33. Biodiscovery case

The Oops Project lines genetic resources and
‘erative from Os species (Sanalaceae, such as
‘Oss quadriporta, known asthe Aca sandalwood,
for doing esental of products based en ig
mie and heavy cons of Oss usd in the
Form of compounds in the coset, perfumery and
aromatic indus and as ingredients for the food and
favour indusies

Wah the imolvement ofthe South Ome people he
products re being developed with At nemational a
‘each ab Bed in Hunba Ind, and wth Docomo
(is PLC, an international company which has more
‘than 30 yeas of experience the el of essen ls
and cosmetics The Ethiopian Bodies laste)
isthe author that ganted a rational access permit
eden Cand MA

In tems of benefi the company pid 05550 000 as
an upon payment when signin the agreement and
agreed t pay a ump sum equal 038% of net profs

after taxes, an anual yay of 35% ofthe net profs,
andan anualicesefee qua $200.

‘Thecompanyhasimested over S3 lin to tr fest
ofatskindindusty in lol, providing 12 Ethopans
with permanent employment. The project promotes
employment and access 10 an altemative revenue
sources to thousands of people In the rua ares as
‘supplies ofthe Oy mateo the company.

‘The industry 100% expr rente and wil bing in
minimum of 52 millon of foreign revenue each year
into the county. The company has pledged t pay
2% of the cost ol aw mates purchase fm the
local community to esablsh nurse that popagate
‘new plants for shall and or stanly
purposes. The company als pays teach coton ste
ssaciaion 30% ofthe purchase pce ofall aw mater
Purchase to ast them to grow and support other
natives within the communes,

34. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

“On commencement ofthe Oryris Proje,
through the guidance and direction ofthe zone
and dis administration oes, associations
‘wor formed a resource supplies and colector
‘that harvest heno material forthe cosmetic
industry throughout he harvesting sites of
Hamer (1), Bennetemay (27 and Mali (5)
‘and iti trough hese associations that tere
‘material is collected and paid or by he compar
A total of 46 asciations wer rated throughout

TW

the thre above-mentioned harvesting ster
The total amount pid to the asoiation for row
materiel date is about US$421 400. The amount

frmteril cleo dates about 520 tonnes. hereby it would provi funding, technical
information and bho tthe Zone and

‘was Paramount importance that the pret Disc experts so ht wars within he

Be sustainable in the longterm and was fr rit could be started and the sed of Orr

Ah ron that th Dome Où inated the ould prepago fre ble back

dicusion withthe South Ome Zone fils inte the rangelands

35. The company has supplied a traning manual
0 the Zone and Distri Experts which gives
teply-step instructions on haw to grew Otis
from sed, ar layering and cutings. The manual
‘was ransated ino local languages I has bo,

to date paid an amount a about US$6 600 0

‘th dirt for this purpose. The company has aio
gon far eso sy hat it wl pay the associations
forthe sed colle The company als pays for
‘he electricity to pump water 24 hows per day
{othe Lemat Vilage in Arba Minch, where the
company established ther factory, Previouly

‘the village had no water supply.

Inaaditiono his and because of the presence
ofthe factory in Arba Minch eucalyptus wood

ds purchased from government plantations and
to fuel the oiler th factory. To dat,
about US$56 000 have been pid to District
governments forthe purchase of ecalypts wood,
‘which is then anathr sure of income generated
“asa result ofthis ABS value chain and which will
be sustained a log as the factory is operational

‘This projet ie sustainable ovr the long term and
can bean extremely valuable oureeofaterative
revenue for rural communities where Oryris occur
Contrary to conventional crop Ori grows in
semi-arid ond harsh conditions docs nt need any
car, does ot displace any indigenous vegetation,
docs not need pesticides, herbicides nor water to
grow, and does ot need arabe land to thrive

‘The people of Hamer, Benne Tiemay and er
paris of South Ome experienced a severe drought
Inst ear sich saw the demise of thousand of

ead oflivestck. The community thanked the
national government for bringing in Docomo Oils
to their districts as this company was, daring this
‘ery dsresing time, he only sure fincome
formany ofthe peopl

Before Docomo Oils arrived, sys was not well
en for is economic importance, but when the
Local commanityearned money andas a rest
“improved their elibood, Osyri became more
‘popular sa high-value plant resource with the
highs priority fr conservation. This implis hat
{the ABS project contributes to conservation and
sustainable utilization of genetic resources

(One ofthe aims ofthe youth jb-ereaton
opportunities and initiaivs of the government is
forthe youth to be ble o Kck-tartand sustain
‘entreprenerial-type businesses. Thanks 1 he ABS
vale chain, and income recived by community
members from the sale of Ors to Docomo Oils
many of thes people have wed this income to start
other Busnes eg fattening a ent) In vence,
this sums up the spirit ofthe ABS project.

Decomo Oils creating a 100% export proudly
Exhiopian, brand, which wl be sold in the global
‘marketplace. generat foreign revenue or he
country and creat much-needed join the rural
ares here they are needed most. Because Osis
isa indigenous and natural sour it canbe
propagated and replanted ona large scale and be
an important source of income forthe communities
and foreign revenue forthe country for many
ears to come”

HE ENV E

36. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

The Oss biosscovery case contbutes 1 SOG 1,28,

Hand 15 flows:

' 5061: fnd poverty = Supported trough job
‘eaten ad flow of beneftsto oca communities
and associations.

(= 506 2:Acheve fod security and promote
sustainable arce Beefs shared with the
local amant nduding farmers and pastis,
for example conte tour development,
food seri improved nation ad sustainable
agcuture en hat Aan sandalwood ae used
soda.

1 506: Romteincushe and sustainable economic
ron and productive employment = Ts ABS
pares ings new oppartunies for soi
economic development employment and support
‘of pro poor growth nares,

1 506 Fosterinovaion Te Os case bus
upon the exiting potent fr scenic progress
andinnenten,

1 50615 Sustainable management of tres
«costes The establishment of nusres for
new plat propagation a cial comio to
‘ecosystem habitation and sabi.

Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

opis made ts acesso to the Nagoya Protec! in
2012 The county has enacted à la to regule aces
Lo gene resources = Aces 10 Genetic Resouces
and Tadtnal Koowedge ond Commaniy fights
Prdamaon No 482/206, which entered no ore
in 2006. The law apple 0 ex su and ins genetic
resources (including dervates) and the tacivona
knowledge associated wit) them, and. indudes
procedures. for acces and community consent,
mini and wen of aces payments,
and other provisions. It contains two templates for
«arenero! and no commeral acess requests and
ones à mandate on regional stats 1 administer
request for acces to resources in te bouée,

"TrecountyasohasaCodefConduaforadmiisteia,
Rosinen.

Wat be support ofthe UNDP-GEF GI ABS poet,
‘smadvanced daft ofthe updated ABS pocamatlon was
finazedandisnaw going trough the approval proces.
Codes of Conduct to preserve and valorieasocited
traditional nowiedge are aio being deveopes.

A number of awareness king events tok pac, whe
à señes of eapacitebuldng Interventions are Being
planned 0 svengten institutions capaces and 10.
share experiences and good practices o atayse ABS
paresis

© Access anne snamne scene sous FOR SUSTANABLEDEVECPMENT

37. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

ts

38. KENYA «

VEULG

39. AUTHORS

-MUKONTI KAVAKAWATAL

‘GEOFFREY OMEDO

40. SETTING THE SCENE

Kenya covers land are of approximate 583 000 km
Approimately 28% of is ecostems are marine
and 72% ae terest The county ls endowed with
verse ecosystems and habits wih unique or and
fauna. Kenya ih biodiversity can be atbuted 1 à
umber ffactns nding along voltio history,
the county’ varied and diese abat types and
ecosystems, det of landscapes, variable mai
condtonsandtheconvergenceofatlastsevenbiomes

From ts onde and colour coral ef y aline
mood, some 30000 animal species, 7 000 plat
species and 2 000 spec of fung and bat hate
een recodedin Kenya

The counys ecosystems olle a unique pool of
gene vaiablty that includes endemic are, tal
endangered, threatened or vulnerable specs.
Against this bokdrp, it comes wit no suprise that
ens biodiversity is pas by key insti and
businesses using geneticesourcesin he esearch and
development peines.

Fer instance, Keys es ar home o à unique aay
of microbes and micro-organisms that ae feeding the
mut-miion bitch indy to produce enzymes used
nani and ening produc. Th ay there
Is tremendous and yet untapped potential or Kenya
geneticresources 1 leverage biadscovery partnerships
10 suport the country’s economic growth and oca
evelopment whi preserving and sestainaby sings
natural capi

41. Biodiscovery case

A project ls supporting à prospective ads
partnership between Y. Mane Fil Company based in
France, specilaing in cosmetics and Mavoutngs wing
‘otendogy and botaials a a use and the Kena
le Sence, Kakamega and Viga counties and
‘he Ltya indigenous communis of Westen Kenya
who ae represented by KANFCCO inthis partnership as
provider Theloareseachistinton' Jomo ent
Unies of Autre and Technology GRU),

V. Mane Fis seeks to exact ingredients from the
"Monda wit plant, local known a mamie, for
fovourng and cometi indus applications. The
partnership provides a model to demonstrate aces
1 and ulation of genetic resources and associated
cional knowledge trough PIC and MAT per the
"Nagoya Protocol based on domestic measures. To meet
the demand oe 1Otonnes of Mondlowhte/peryes,
‘he cl community has embraced the project and are
in the proces of esablshing ge sale nuesto
‘meet the erisagedindustil demand. This alone wil
signif reduce relance on wild harvest of Manda
‘nite andgeneralycontrbuteto sustainable tate,
‘species conservation and eosatem protection,

Whereas the plant has been known for its favouring
and various traditional medicine uses which have
‘aly been published the company ha ot apli to
ut local tational knowledge. However, the loca
Inowiedge on varius Mendo varieties or cultivar
wi be sought fom the local people. This Is cure
3 subject for noten under the ongoing PI and
MAT forthe partnership. The experiences gained reo
be shared nfrm decison making processes at ea,
ur oral nd gob ee

The project was det as lowhanging fut 10
shonease practical examples of implementation of
the Nagoya Protocol. was poriaed among others
because the Indus partner ad already requested ©
cess nd lz the gente resource onda whit,
‘Apocynaceze fr commercial purpose The partner vas
Informed ofthe requirements 10 provide for relevant
Pers and PIC and MA spart of ational gate

Specially, for the ManeMWSMalamega County!
ANFCCOlocal community partnership, Italy ther
vere no car community and county structures for
‘ganting PIC and A. The UNOP.GEF Global ABS Pret
facloted silehaderientfcaton Le, aproprte
Community sincture adacent to the Katamegs
forest ecosystem, establishment of an appropriate
county ABS technical committee pci bung of
‘denied groups through tii on PIC and MAT and
‘egotition kis and now intating à PC betwen he
‘hate company and he resource providers. craft PC
as been prepared, and robust cussions about this
re ongoing with the prospective vest,

To unlock hese processes the seed Anancng rom he
LUNDP-GEF Global ABS Poet acted as an incentive
to the investor. The county ABS technical comite
ls now vibrant and this model being upscale ln
‘other counts, These achievements were shoneaied
(ring, the Fth Devolution Conference hosted by
Kokamaga County The Conference bought together all
47 counties, and the important lesions on access and
‘benefit sharing were dbseminate, with some of the
‘products fom Kenya genetic and bilgi resources
being exited

42. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

Benefis are til under negotiation and
on the provider side, raining support, various

technology transe, CSR support onaforetation

by the company and monetary bene induding
sourcing for sustainability
‘and where posible ras

compliance wit ti

RIBA WAT AVS pr

Weare sensiicing the community to reserve
‘heir Mondi, and 1 cultivate even mor, a we
uit the finalisation of hs process. Hop
of Katamega and Vihiga Counties will
+ ene from hi importan

lon, which ha been part ofthe communi
forages now:

ANTONY MENTARY Corny estate on aot

Theregulatory framework for Aces and
Benefit Sharing fer genetic and biological resources
in Kenya's being reviewed, t make it consistent
Kenya efectie participation inthe global

ABS arena. The Global UNDPABS Proje is
working withthe government partners to ensure

withthe global est practices and

this framework sin place — The upcoming
e Mane Fils interest in Mondia whiten western
Kenya wil provide good sons on how the legal

{framework should be done

CT

(rent, the Kenyan goverment ls in dulogue to
devon an ect famewerk tht wil provi lat
pole and insutoral day, and cenalny at all
levels of governance and tat wil aac Investments
‘on the unten of genetic eure in accordance
th the Nagoya tool. Aled the government in
partes withthe GIZAB nie aren the proces
of ding the permiting proces. The dgited
process and the ongoing egal famewok process ae
‘expected torino eachother ad ead toacoerent
Serge joumey fr uses interested nthe county
der

a

43. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

hey SDG targets inde

© SDGTaget89”8y 2050 devise andimplement
poles to promote sustainable turn that creates
jobs and promotes caler and products"
Mond whteis a revered trl plant bythe
Laya people of ese enya, and martingis
product promotes thei ultra wel as
creaonofbs

(= SDG Tage 25 ”Enhance senti research upgrade
thetechnologial apabtes o indus secos
inallcountis i pari developing counties”
Tis tinte promaton of ata products
Indus and resource vos envisaged the
‘country medium term andong term las

© SoG Target! 14"Suengtheneforsto protect and
alegar he vod ultra aná atra erage
The Project focsed en the ee bockof he
Katameg forest to begin th sinceithasbeen
protected because trato suchas the long
arm pressure on communities rom he smugging

Mendivil products. This area aso hos th
far Debazn monkeys

1 SOGTorget 156 Promote a and equable sharing
ofthe bneisarsing fom the lien of genetic
resources and promot appropiate access to such
resources sinematinaly agreed”

© SoG Torget17"Suengthenthe means of
Implementation and sevi e global
partnership fr sustanabl development” especial
176,177, 178and1716.The Mane Company
'simplementng is projctn Cameroon and
Kenya her scenario vibe compare at
imo enhancing partnerships aná developing
appropiate amenos

1 SG Target 17.14"Enhance poly coherence
for sustainable development: Ths projets
«omo spam tothe onging naive
the county eel developing an appropriate
and effective ABS Nagoya famevokin Kena

Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Kenya has fic istry of being a lol leader in
stengthening ternational environmental governance
‘The county hasbeen a party 1 the Nagoya Protocol
inc 2014 However body aspects the county
ae handled under varios legion and ter s no
Specie biodenty act ar substantive ABS laws. The
Wide Conservation and Management Act (2013) as
some poisons onacerssto wile andieneftsarng
and have als developed wide sector regulations on
‘opespecting and research and development which
ave been submited to the Attorney Generals ofc,
SenetresureesunderthinternaonalTretyonPlnt

Genet Resources lor Food and Ag, specially
forthe Standard Matera TansferAgeemen (SMTA)
on multilateral benets, are handed by the Gene
Bank of the Kenya Agricultural & Uvesiock Reseach
Organization. (KALRO Biological esos, under
WHO are approved under the National Commision
for Scene, Tetmology and Innovation MACOS)
andthe Mans of Hal. The lee education and
awareness among uses and provides moderate and
theres need for enhancement enya now has lw
‘on raional knowledge but implementan set ©
commence fly

44. The ABS subsidiary regulation (2006) under the
Ensonmental ct (EMCA) hasbeen sevi in varios
stakeholder forums where has ben agreed that he
regulation address ABS tes within à very liked
scope, There la hing consensus ofthe need for a
substantive national ABS famenork or an indie
overs an mit what other counties sus
(Costa a, South fica and na have

Mag at present. atonal came
nagra i cts vas ae the
Nona vont Management Axor NEMA
Is charge wth the cordon and einen of
napoleon ever the
ronagement nd consent of loge dey.
Fathemor, tee some experien to ABS
tinh aya Sacs hrs
angers a defined under the Nagoya Proc,
Abou rat under a dene anal ea kamen,
the moment The county has ABS permäung and
complace procedure aging om PC MAT and SMTA
Lo ces prs and export of sei clio,
vine ere cr component fpr
cs permits fu Keg subtests ABS tin,
atonal Report on the implementation ofthe Nagoya

Protocol October 2017. The country has pase five

Intematonaly Recognized Cetficates of Complance

(RCO to te global AS Gearing House, wi total of

rine off recognized checkpoints as sted below:

1. The Naina Common or Since Tecnology
and nvvaion NACOST

2. The Kenya Coprigh Bord

3. The Kenya Agata and Livestock Research
Organization KALRO)

4. Te Kenya venue Ay

5. The era Industrial Proper nse)

6. Th Kenya Plant Heath nspectrate
Instune EPH)

7. Te atonal Museums of Kenya MK)

8. The enya Forestry Service 189)

9. The Kenya WI Sence KS)

In Ken, to acess genetic resources for lan
under reser and development one requis à PC
and MAT fom resouce provides, à Reseach Permit
from the National Counc fr Scene and Technology
(NACOSTI and an Aces Per rom NEMA evidence
ofthe grating of PAC and MAT Gating ofthe PIC and
MAT isthe te-detemining ste and isa process which
moles varios payes ing the negotiation proces.
Te sehe, include cl communis the county
‘goverment and the national government ilo
resource management in Kenya isin tre tes Le.
devobedsytenswherewehoerlesandesponsbiie,
for gaming of gs during access and utllaon of
genetic reses nd associated knowedge.

Is Important ot her that although the proces of
obtning Cand MA ia cal step in the culito
of relevant permis such as acess permis, ths 5
reo by most uses Inmstcases eres no cea
instuional arangement atthe county govemment
level th non extent local community engagement
frameworks, due to lc of egal cay on wh should
gant what thus using uncertain oimestors

45. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

Kenya global leadership in the SOG agenda wel
Socumented.I fa, Kena Permanent Representa
to the United Nations, Ambassador Macia Kamu.
(aunty working as a Princpal Secretary In the
Minis of Finance was one of the Co-Chaes e he
‘Open ring Group that succesful Id the worin.
adopting the 17 Susinabe Development Goals and
‘he 169 targets. In recognition of this, Ambassador
‘Macha was bestowed with the prestigious lab
Hud Award for Eavtonmental Diplomacy for
“eavabednary leadership and personal commitment
to the negotiation and adoption ofthe United Nations
‘Sustainable Development Goal (30):

nero, the ongaing ABS aces are meant 10
upscale the county’ stated commitment to achieve
the SDG targets To boster global ers in this
area, Koya wi abo be hosting a High Level Gab
Susainble Blue Economy Conference planned for
November 2018 in Nairobi. Canada has lead joined
Kenya à o-hst fr ths conference, whch sled at
providing te intematonal community with platform
for establishing blue economies that are integrated,
Indus and Imovate we ako spporing the
‘anston o suinable oceanbased economies. The
Confrence wil ot 0h be about oceans but wl a
pay attention othe myriad related sues attendant
tothe susiable use of land waterways inuding
lakes vers and agers where significant genetic and
Biological resources

‘Therefore the otcomesofthe AS acti recorded
under he UNOP-GEF Gaba ABS Poet sofaristhatwe
_Brendyhaveasgncantimpact wherebythetalomegd
‘County ABS technical comite presented au
Sectors sale the proces of mainstreaming ABS
ements within the county budgeting process, wll
235 within the vezes county integrated planing
process shows contributions toward Ah target 16
andtothe SG The majorcotrbutonsivole poverty
levain and conservation, contribution to rational
legal poly and intro famenod an protection
‘2d promotion fetal ad vation knowledge

46. REPUBLIC OF

47. AUTHORS

ALBIMODISE

48. SETTING THE SCENE

South Afca ls widely regarded as the third most

Bologne couneyinthe worl aterindonesa

and Beal, with many endemic specs. While the

cout represents around 286 ofthe werd landmass,

Iishome to 10% ofthe word plan, "ofthe words

reptiles, ds and animals, 15% of known coastal and

maine species and an ete fa kingdom wii is

bordes, namely fnbos Ti chess in Badversiy

represents vatey of opportunites in te frm of

marin, eher and terest arm plants and

mio organista maybe used set

or commercial expataton. of goverment, and dues the esublshment of
à Bio aducs Advancement Network South Aa

South Alias ch beit is an economi sector (IOPANZA) to enhance development in the narra

that con be tapped 10 conrbute 1 job creation and products sete

rural development Through number of nie, ths

‘economic sector as shown a constant annual growth Colaboraion is required at lac regional and

Ein recente. The development ofthe county international levels to respond meaningfly 1 the

Pocher economy takes place within the context challenges posed by make force. Therefore we need

of National Development Plan adopted in 202, thet nens ur vestments in research and innovation

atonal Bodversty Economy Stategy (NBES) and. Inowdertostengthen ur capabilities for vale cion

‘Action Pla adopte in 2015, the Nation Strategy for orbeneftimovatin fom plnsin the agro processing

Sustiabl Development andinternatiena blgatens Setoran improving the quality local products

‘emanating fom the Convention onthe Intematonal

Trade in Endangered Spedes of Wid Fauna and Fora Among the species present being sustainably uted

(GIES, the United Nations Convenion on Biologia byloal communes Selbum toos ao known

Diversity CBDhinng the NagoyaProtocolon Access as Kanna, This sa climbing or creping plat th

‘and Bene sharing. as wells the Ahi ages and the white to ple yl, ple salmon ox pl pink loner

Implementation ofthe CRD Strategic ln Ie belongs to the Le plant fly once) pelt
In the karo ars of Wester, Estem and Northern

The NBS isthe county’ Bsp fr sustaining the Cape Provinces of Suth Alia Kann i alo commanly

grow ofthe wife and boprospecing indies ts refe oa augoed an Alas wor desd fom

im 11 pri a bass o dress constants for theclDuch ord Kaungoed meaning chewing stu)

(growth inthe sect outline taleholderrespesiblites 11s a kind of low-growing, succulent shrubby spedes

and monitor progress with regar to wansormve _ cananing mesembrine which is known fr cts

(rang. intervention. The NES provides the on he cena newous system. To this day kougoed 8

‘opportunty to develop the ral economy of the han great esteem by nigenous people asa verte

‘county val adéresng environmental imperatives masictory to, heh on an herb extract.

49. Biodiscovery case

A Dlopespecting permit was avarded to HORM
Pharmaceutics (Py) Ud by the South Alıkan
Deparment of Envionmental Aas allowing lo
commercial the medal properties of kann,
The company acnowedges the fundamental ole
Indigenous knowledge plays 25 a depature point
for new product scorery and novation. ts an
acknowledgement. that was fermakzed though à
landmark benefit sharing agreement with the Son Rand
van Suid la (Sn Coun South ica) cy wth
the Paulhoek and the Naurler communis, Ths
agreement marke Ac fs prior informed consent
and beneft sharing agreement wih an inienoos
community fr hecommercalzaton of an indigenous
‘medial plant.

GRA Parmacesias (Po) Ld is local nova
harmaceutil and at! ingredients company that
focuses onthe discover, reset and development
of evdencebaved natural medicines and detary
Ingredients for common mental hal and wellness
tons. The company conducted research and
‘evelopment on Kana and developed a quaiy-based
‘enact ced Zembrin”, which has mon enhandng,
aneyeducng and cognitive function enhancing
actes ale whic canbe ofbenftto heathy people
sing fom tess The unique signature of Zum"
se serenity: Zembin i un being marketed
005 the werd Induding South Aa, USA, Canada,
az, Malaysia and Japan, In Canada, Zembrn” has
‘been approved or sale 1 support cognitive funcion
image

‘Thebeneft sharing agreement conclue wththeSouth
‘ican Son Communities based on unconditional
‘monetary benefits, Since 2010 GAH Pharmaceuticals
(Pry) Ld has shared more than 10 millon rad Le.

"59660 00) in ancl benefits with the community
In tems ofthe agreement, the company shares 6% of
income fom Zembrn th the South Aca San
Communities which nt allocate 0% oftheir share
ith the iger of Paukhack and Nouvel he
Namagualind region ofthe Northern Cape Province is
In these communities hatte eihnabeankal esearch
vas conducted. As a resul, Zembin® 1 the only
Sekt produc to camy the logo of ts indigenous
"ener he Sn Rand Suid Aa.

Further, HGEA Pharmaceuticals (Py) Ld hough hs
pares, has established massive elation and
Pocesing plans in the Mpumabnga and Limpopo
proines. Ths project has created employment
‘opportunites across the value chain. During the anna
tion and handing of ths crop, approximately
30 people ae employed nthe pres, the major of
‘whom ar women,

50. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

Mein oe, Chalpeson of the Paushoek Rad
(Counci) deserves Paushoek a5 a very lid back
amenity Ths one ofthe poorest communities in
he North Cape ands managed by the Kaiser
municplty He belleves the cllboraton between
HHH Phamaceuteals (o) La and the community
ls important, paricuaty since the annual benefi
‘eclved from the supply of kana benefi everyone,
not jstafew indus.

“Tove the peacefulness and way of ie Given that
wear the poret community, we ive of nature
This is areal highlight or me about tis place.
Before us the money, he a community
meting Oneof the main activities sto take
primary choo! Kids othe vel Gel) and teach
‘them about the diferent plantations and medicinal
properties vales Due tothe recent doughs
‘anything that get fromthe company is put back
{noth ed. On ofthe things ha we did was

o dig boreholes o ensure water conservation

The aims to ensure thatthe money isnot spent on
laurie, but on essential community expenditars +

A]

Commitee and board member elections are seme
ofthe changes faced by Paushoek and Moure
communes. Confrming Mr Chet sentiments,
Me Clin Louw ofthe Sn Rad sad that is where the
eatlonship with the Counc i valuable, because it
helps ese same cf thes challenges.

electing onthe use of Kougoed in Falhoek, Mein
hggles: "The eer generation sl uses hougoed ond
people cn the fam sl uses ke a bubble gum hat
out your mou or jeu ol fr orate minor
aiment sa remedy, Te younger ne donot we A
they areimerstedinisDSTV be mainsatelteTV serie
provider in South Aca, ur some of them do se,
esas.

Me Richard Fal, Managing Decor of HGH
Pharmaceutical (Py) Ld, appreciates the three-way
partnership between the San Raad van Sid Ak,
aH Pharmaceuticals (Py) Ld and the Govemment
of South fica. pariclay the Department of
Emvomental fis i wos very salto engage with
recognized rgonizao thatepesened the hdgenus
comuni, Wht they might have recevait
leaders in the commun tis often cic engage,
anderen more comple when hee need eter
In legal agreement. isi where he San Rood von
Suid Afka realy came tough and made things eser
than they would have been. The goverment provided
ery ood essence by providing gudanc regarding the
requtements ond aspect ofthe regulation tht we dd
rotunderstond”

Iti the sentiment of HGH Phamacesas (Py) td
that tis amazing that mode sen snow Being
ppd to vakdte adkloal medicine that goes ack
10 more than 300 yeas of use inthe community à
ery ferent wor hat we ve in but he same plant
isalonin the people rom the moder yt cope the
Same thse nthe ancient nes." ge fr us o
See how the internal community has race t is
Story as Mrankin.

51. In fine focus: SDGs
implemented by the
biodiscovery case

The colas of Seran. toos
happens away fom is natual habitat
because during research and work withthe
(in tation! eles “We dices
thot there are rent chemicl properties of
the same plant ha cer the wil and we
vere nested in the one specie chemical
Property that tin plans bave We have
ltd tose pons ne y and gro tem
outide of tee natural Pobla, preventing
‘oie contamination wth any natural plants
that might change the chemical properties;
say MeFrankin

The calthaton and processing plans ae
located in the Mpumalanga and Umpopo
provinces. Ts projct has crested
“employment pporuntes aces he value
‘dle, Dung the annual culation and
banding of tscrap approximately people
re employed in he proces the major of
eh re women, thereby combi 10
506 5 on gender eqalay. e projet aso
‘dee contributes to SOG 8 by promoting
‘sane nuse andsutainble economic
‘font, and fll and productive employment
and decent work fr

Due o the recent drough inthe Northern
Cape the comunity Paulos has sed
some ofits proceed roms retina
3 oreol othe benef of ll members of
the communiy. Ter knowledge exchange
programme and the eft plough back
Huston ef $06 17, pannes for the
goals (mae ation) inaction.

Zei i curethy being marte across
the word incuding South Alia, USA,
Canada ral Maa and Japan. Its the
words fest patented, standard and
ia studied exact ofan ie selection
‘of Selm trou Ts eontbutes to
bung the South lan conamyand puts
South tia onthe map,

52. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

In 2011 and 2013, respecte South fa signed and
‘then afd the Nagoya Protocol on ABS, smboling,
the importance ofthislegalinstment The county hs
‘maderenorhableprogesssnceltbecamea contacting
‘ry tothe CBDin1995.Tishainduded taking policy
and legate steps tovadspromating conservo,
sustainable Uan of indigenous Bilogkal and
‘genetiresources nd associted cional knowledge,
Wile promoting the far and equtable shang of
benef arng fom thei ulation. The relevant
legion the Nona! Environmental Management
oder At (NEMBA), 2004 (At Na 10 of 2008)

and the Blopospecing, Access and Benefit Sharing
(BABS) amended Regulations 2015 ~ both introduced
and plemented before the adoption ofthe Nagoya
Protcolen ABS.

Hult Pharmaceutics (Py) Ld she fist company to
eed wth à bioeospecting permi in South Aia
after the BABS Regulations of 208 came int fet
These regulations, Which regulte biopospecting
cts through à pemit system, were developed
in tems of NEMEA, which estabas ls fr ABS in
South Aes,

O asso

53. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

a

e

ea >
Sa

“These are encouraging initiatives hat
demonstrat the valu of cw kinds of partnerships
o kart lca economic development, and

to provide an inspiring platform foros and
‘entrepreneurship, innovation and socal upliftment,
particularly among women. South Africas

‘among the first countries inthe wordt regulate
the protection and use of indigenous biological
resources and associated traditional bled.
South Africa was also among the aria
signatories of the Nagoya Protocol, infact tros
‘the 120h country trai i, in January 2013,
‘This highlights the al inclusive of communities
and te pria sector and it emphasizes the

need to aim for donor and publi technical,

‘and financial harmonication within the overall
sphere of implementing he Nagoya Protocol

in a coordinate and purposeful way. UNDP

South Africa will continue to bring knowledge,
sons earn and experiences from other
countries to South Africa, and aswel es catabtie
financial assistance thatthe country can leap
‘ahead and learn from misake nd success
(euere without going through inaficinces

of misdirected effort. The UNDP South Arien
Country Office is extremly proud that or the

last 24 years, e have een able to mobilize ands
and to support the development priorities ofthe
South African Government”

DANCE GOLDING, UN Sut ica Emmental
Fo ot

& / 08

“South Arica eices hat meaningfl partnership
‘and collaboration been the traditional
Irae holders and weint community
research inition is erica for ABS

sucess. Biorosectng and Bitrade activities
have supported local livelihoods though the
sustainable utilizacion indigenous biological
resources s informed by the associated local
traditional kncwledge. Since then, oe have sen
“steady growth of the bioprospectng industry
{nthe country, driven bythe increased demand
indigenous plants by various industrie.

The Deparement of Environmental Airs
rengnizes he contribution of hs boprspeting
projec to conservation and sustainable us ere
‘rough aliation of Seleium trtuosum in
order to reduce pressure on the wild species.

The aliaton sie and processing ily for
‘he high-quality ra material for this projet
are n rural farming areas, where here a high
Leve of unemployment hence his projects aso

contributing in terms of creating the necesary jobs
aros local communities”

THE HONOURABLEEDNA MOLEWA, Mister
oneal is

55. a

AUTHORS

BEATRICE CVA

56. SETTING THE SCENE

and, lo known as county of thousand Hs,
ls endowed wit ich and unique gts of flor and
fauna and with lage numbers of endemic species
Seen In protected areas such as national parks and
reserves, which are sites of both scenic and semi
importance. Diet benefis ae knowledge, as
wanda is one oh counties whose our actes
are concert in protected ars. In 203, estimated
‘revenues rom tous amounted to 152336 milion,
and ls comio o GOP is growing at an eg
annua ate of over 11%. Lewis, culture tough
the utlatin of agro biodiversity, hd a OP hare of
327% Sl te s known about the mor inane
benefit socie with the tation of oder
and genetiresoures.

In Rwanda Vio 2050; technology was eed
35 one area among key scenic and tecnologica
Inovatonstoineaseproductviyandcompetveness
hile proving jobs forthe people of Rwanda. The
case of genet sources sof reat importance o put
forward the deat linkage between bodherit use,
ecsystem szrces and economic benefits to boost the
‘atonal economy. Different reset and development
tits wing genetic resources re ongoing and are
very much contbutng t the achievement of the
Sustainable Development Gals

y
“4

57. Biodiscovery case

An came can be dam fom à reee poe
ened "Standardization ofthe Production Process and
‘Quality Control or Selected Phytomedicines Produced
in wanda Te research being conducted trough à
‘eopeation projet betwen he Univesity of Rwanda
nd the Unersy of Lge in Begum, targeting the
‘hormaceutal Industry. Tadionl knowledge 1
‘obtained fom trata healer who dese the se
‘ofthe waional medicine and aw mater

“his ABS parecio sims o inte a Rwandan
pormacopla fphyomedclns. The objective of his
laboratory research sto standardize the production
process of selected plytomedtines, They inode
“Gui which 6 à syrup that reduces the acid
produced by the stomach and also has antispasmodic
‘pert. Guns i derived from the specs Datu
“remontan; Tembatembe isan intment used t ren
cables and is made rm Mecavtanena mits; and
"Rasen which san nec repele with an at
Infirmary effect. Some of thie ae sed ala
In the market, however non standard production
(bring aan inthe eves of consten such as
ace logreiens and chemical and physical propentes
om one Bach o another, Resarchers ae tng

19 the best way 0 prepare these products and the
‘mot reliable methods we can use local or quay
‘enol By sndardang the production proces of aw
materials and ised products the Nation Industral
Research nd Development Agency INFOR) cn ensure
the eproduebity and quality production of selected
Promedicnes.

‘The University of Ruanda ls now procesing a per
trough the Ananda Evironment Management
-Auhorty (REMA) to take plant samples rom Rondo
10 the Univesty of Liège. The projects based on a
Memorandum of Undersandng (MoU) between the
‘owners and betwen the Univesity of Rando
snd NOK

‘The study wil aval safe quad and aforo herbal
‘edn in the Rwandan mare. is Beni fr
‘both suple and consumers, as the market for those
‘productisaleady proven, whileconsumerswllbenft
from relable and high qualty medicne Immediate
onmoneany beneis are expected in ems of
ecology Wander and sien capac bling,
benefiting national nstutons and human sources

58. The implementation of the basi mesures
ofthe Nagoya Protocol inthe country will
lose a wide range of monetary and non:
‘monetary benefits. Ruanda hs developed
legisative and administrative frameworks

to ensure fair and equitable sharing of
Benefits, a ministerial order son tobe
endorsed. Once adopted, twill unleash the
al potential ofthe protocol and leverage
tangible impact in ll aspects eolgia,
social and economic.

The study will avail safe qualifed and
affordable herbal medicines in the Rwanda
‘marke. This is beneficial for both supplier
‘and consumer, asthe markt for how products
isalady proven, while consumer il bene
rom rae and high-qulity medicine
Immedite non-monetary benefits ar expected
in terms oftechnolog transfer and cien
capacity building benefiting national
institutions and human rescue.

‘MS BATEA AS Pot = man

nose neral

59. In fine foct

Quality contol and standard producton of
fade pytomedicines ar expected to conte to
the achievement ofthefoloing SOG targets
A 506 3:Enur heathy Ives and pomete wel
eng forall tal ages espcaly target.
Rwandan phytomedines may leadto new mesial
enough restingi reset at may
ep cre mins apple ad contre
overall wel bei.

DGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

1 SOGS-Buld restlentinfastucture promote
inclusive and sustainable natation and
foster innovation, especialy tages 95 and9h
Ths research between the two unes hs gest
potent for scientific progress nd novation
It eance technology waster ad scientific
cacy Sgnicany entibuing to upgrading
"hetechnologicl poble ofthe pharmaceutical
Industry in wanda

60. Legal and political enabling
environment for ABS and the
Nagoya Protocol

‘wanda raid the Nagoya Protocol on 12 Octber
2018 and ison wack to develop an enabling legal and
insttulonst ramewerk for the implementation of
the Protocol. A daft Miniter! Order governing the
Biodiversity peris has been developed, and some of
ts aries determine the aces to genetic resources
and the fl and equtble sharing of benefits aking
from ther use, Other related existing ws are the
Organic Law Na. 0472005, which determines the
modales of protection, conseration and promotion
ofthe environment in Rwanda, aw Na, 70/2013 of
2 September 2013, which governs biodvesty in
aida and Na 31/2009 025 October 2009, which
noce petecionofnteletal proper Hah.

Win he support ofthe UNDP. GEFGlbal ABS project,
guidelines to preserve and valore Rwandan radin
knowedge are being crate, Pilot ABS vale chains ae
eng entes and analysed 1 asses ti economic,
Soc and environmental potental o conclue puc
pate ABS partnerships 1 reap the rel benefits of
wanda gene resources and vadionalinowedge.

IA number of awareness aces tok place
he capacty bung interventions ar planed. For
Instance, the para ABS workshop in al sa
Knowledge hub bringing ies country delegations
togetherwthtop-notchABSexpertsandpactionesto
share experiences andy novation in mplerenting
the Nagoya Protocol in Ai, present good practices
wile strengthening cial ABS capaces and
seine state-oftheartknowedge.

© Access noses swans ener ISOUICES FOR SUSTANABLEDEVELOPMENT

61. “The projet reale that many people in
wanda, even health professionals, did not
‘ras phytomedicines produced domestcaly
arguing hat no quality control has ben done
However sal, he people are relying on imported
plotomedicines ven ifno quality controls

done! The pre

and contribute to SDG 3 (Good hath and wel
being) by ailing sf, ficient and affordable
local herbal medicines, hile ls contributing to
SDG 15 lifeon land) by fruing on medicinal
plans avilable in Rwanda”

ill Balance hs mismatch

REA OTSUNA EDA, UD van

65. AUTHORS

AWATIF AM. SIRIBEL

SAADAN. A ELMAHI

66. SETTING THE SCENE

Sudan stated in nrhestem Aca ands the 18
largest county inthe wor, witha population of about
4 lin. Thanks tos vers estem, Including
desert and samdeser, savannah, mountains and
seoicapes Sudan endowed with unique for and
fauna The county is par ofthe centre of origin or
versity or bth x srghum peor ml oka, meins,
Sesame nd dy dats Forests rode potetiay highly
‘marketable produtssuch as gum Arabic and medina
‘ants Rangelands support about 1054 mälon heed
of atl shee, goats and camels and a wide ange of
wife species About927 br species and 50 species
veptls hae been recorded Marne costs este
verse marine Ie induäng mangrove, coral, fs,
res andsen br.

Medal and. aromatic plans are signant
Important for subsistence, national economy, and
forignerchangeeaings wth about 2530 species
Alwering pbs known tobe fundin Sudan,

EBEN

Mh CAR

Een theugh 75% ofthe population res on tational
medicine medicinal plans are neglected, gen how
hey ae produced, processed and marked. The value
«tolnafmedeialplatsinSudanisethersuplcrom
Wid collections y local inabtants or small trader,
oF from culatin under controlled envionment
lagers ether colect afew spedes in age quam
for expo purposes or collect many asorted spedes
in sma quantities forthe local market, Brokers by
lage volumes of medical plans fom vilages ln
local mares

Looking 1 the cuenten, cal indus tend not
Lo source row mate, Du rater aequre ene
of medal and aromatic herbs from lca research
centres special in extractive technologies. Sudan's
National Cente for Research (NCR) signed number
of agreements and parents with businesses and
indus o develop RAD programmes to process aw
medal plants and supply extract used in sectors
such as het and spes,phamaceutal cosmetic and
food supplements

67. Biodiscovery case

CR and partners launched an integrated research
and development progamme to develop formulations
fof medkines and cometes based on todtonal
inonledge asocated with medicinal and aromatic
‘lan nthe case of eon (Casi acute Fabaceae,
perl wid he indigenous 1 opel Africa and
Ind he focus Is ons purge properties attuned
10 the presence of athaquione derive and hele
ghcesides The drug fom senal used 1 et ae.
«onsipaon and in al other cases in which defecation
with à soft sto! is seguid eg, for aemonhoid
Sufferers, ater anal rectal operations, before and
alter abdominal operations and for persons wth ana
‘sures. The US Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA)
Tas approved senna as à non prescribed drug and an
ingreenin several commer ats.

Indigenous to western Sudan and traditional used
sat, sena calcein the wl fr bath loa
‘markets and export purposes Poor collect practices
asacated wah climate change and an increasing
international demand pose serious teats of genetic
destin. The organi cultivan of enna ges Sudan
à song comparative advantage, yet quality vares
giant gen ha acte ingrsients are afecte
by the season, method and tne of colecio, age of
ed partandthe abat whch tons.

Annual senna expors amounted to aba 2 00 tonnes
‘ofa pds wth an stated vale of roughly SSL
mln acodingta Sudan cnvalbankrcrdsoerihe
‘ast fve years) compared to anal impor fais,
may sourced rm senna, of abou $0 min over
‘the ast ve yes lc to Sudan National Conca
for Drugs aná Pass records) Senna can be produced

In diferent vale added forms including blended and
bleed herbal tu, powder, crue extract, sense
‘xvas and phom ace rss.

INCR and partners are adding value to associated
rational knowledge by using ts ea in hir RAD
programs. Thi wil result in adtonal Benefits for
local people by Bling her apache, increasing
their revenues and acknowledging ther dan
nowtedge

Business partners nude Cyphanm pharmaceutal
lusty and Sanhofal Medial and Cosmetic for
cosmetic products. Benefits are expected in monetary
and non-monetary tems which wil inde caps
lg of technical sta tchnlagy vans, jit
Insecta Pope 0) applications int publications,
trainings and development services beneting loca

68. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

"Up until now senna was collected from the wil
which increased the hazards of stainabiliy of
Production and he genetic resource aswell at
the variation of product quality which is afecte
by the method, season and tie ofeolection, age
of esd part and the habitat in which it gros.
Thenfore, MAPTRI commenced an intensive
research and raining programme to laboate he
GER GAPand GMP or senna, Promising result
are expected looking forward to cltvatng this
lable plant in he most suitable ares which

will oad to sustaining the productivity within
international standards i onder to ati both the
Incl nd international markets intern of demand
‘and timing. Making sure hat colors and al
farmers ar geting more involved nthe whole
process, maximizing their benefits and seing

‘hw this will reflect pctv on their standard of
ing, wil be he futur focas of MAPTRI

AWATI AHMED SRIBEL, Medical nd Aromatic Plants and
Tain Mei sh ste MAPA), Deco 208

have worked for MAPTR! asa technician
since was estahlhed in 107. participated in
more than 100 feld visi and plan collection
toursall around Sudan. Lam the one responsible
{for documenting the information collected from
traditional wes during the imestigations and
survey. peak different Sudanese dialects,
‘especialy he Bja language the tongue ofthe
biggest tribe in the easter part of Sudan, as
she north inhabitant dialects; this allows me
10 almost write every single word Thea from he
people dealing with herbs and their traditional

ae in thse arcas. When we analyzed the collected
information and compared it withthe scientific
findings nthe la, it happened that more than

90% ofthe results are lentical those ated by
loca users. Sudan a huge country witha great
divers and overtime I earned something new
{From he cl peopl dealing wth traditional
‘medicines They are rea treasures”

MAS U, man MAPA 208

69. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

Esoblshng an ABS-omplant senna valve chin

wil sgriflanty contribute 10 the achievement of

Sustainable Development Goal (SOs). These SOGs

Inch, but are not lied 1, ful development,

economie growth, food secur, improved nation,

cal and stainable agriculture and innovation in
din 1 aso opening a window fr interrater
partnerships Mere spect:

1 SOG 1 (No over and $062 (ero Hinge) are
address by establishing an ABS-complantsenna
value han which wil alow indigenous peopl and
local communities to hames sme ofthe benefits
bing om ther genet resource and assed
dial knowledge and rate ncenvs or
thecalthaton,conserton and management of
sema it wil ao rat ne job oppertnies and
Improve esti traditional practices trough the
Introduction of ne technologies.

' 5068 (ood Jobs and Economic Growth and
$069 Innovation and Infastructur) re adresse
through the provision fnew tecalegies
aná ten ofnew mares foro
People contluting to economic growth and
infasrature development

(© 50611 (Sustainable Cies and Communities)
supported bye income generate inthe senna
value chan andthe setement ofthe tage
Communes vil increase thei bit 1 adapt and
Improve ter resent capac o cope with thee
‘vonment and sustain the ethood

150615 (ile on Lands address bythe Seana
Value chan which wi promote aran equitable
sharing of benef om the use of genetic
resources and encourage révesment of benef
Into consenaton and sustainable management of
bodies andecsystens.

=. 06 17 Partnerships forthe Goal) supported by
prometingpareships between RD nstutns
and pate businesses with indigenous peoples
and eal communis.

¿$

70. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Sudan ated the Nagoya Protcolin 2014 Suan sone
ofthe 24 countries selected t implement the UNDP.
(SE Globl ABS project 10 develop and strengthen
ls national ABS fomenerks, human resources and
mine capables to mplement the Nagoya
Protocol ln ts conte, a muitstlehoder nations
comite chaired by HE the Mister of Environment,
Nawal Resources and Physical Development was
estables fr the dating ofan ABS law and Is
slonment with isuesofbenet sharing sectoral avs,

So lu multiicipinary teams made of national
esper and backed by internasonl ABS special
ave delivered ange rests, including an advanced
at ofthe ABS Law which was alae and is now

gong though the approval process. Guidelines for
documentation of asiodated traditional knowledge
ere developed and four plo ABS complant value
‘als ae being developed. They have a sctorspecc
focus on agricutut, medal and aromatic plants,
wife and anima resources. A national bodscore
stategy I being developed, including a mapping of
Curent and potential users of geet resources rom
‘esearch ositos and pate businesses o unleash
a ide range of Beefs derived fom public-private
pannes A number of avarenes ang wodshops
have ton place and ethers ae panne to srengthen
cal ABS capaces and share experiences and good
practices whl ale demining knowledge.

71. MESSAGE FROM SDG
ADVOCATES

“Sudan commited tothe implementation of

72. THE HASHEMITE
| KING A ( '
JORDAN

73. = nummons TR

KHALEDABULAILA

74. SETTING THE SCENE

Jordan Is a relatively small country with area
Fatal almost 90 000 km, I is ide nto four
int biogeographical zones; the Medlteranean,
ManoïTurnn, Sahoo Aabian aná. Sudan or
Topal penetration. thin these ere zone, hee
are 13 ferent vegetation types, each representing
ferent elements for an ono.

The Jordanian climate is mostly of ard desert with
à ebtely short rainy season between November
and April The topogropy of the county ls oh
‘onrasing; fom morethan 400m below salevelatthe
Dead es, fo 1854 mas at the southermost boundary
on Um Adam Mountain. This variation In phy
‘enionmentsstenglyrefectedin the divers oe
An thecount ntermsof natural hetage ong wth
soda tral lve and bloga very

Due ojordansvariedterathosissvese ecosystems,
which are divided into four major groups: desert, ser
aná highland subtopic and feshwater The est
‘of Jordan fora and fauna are ati of her many
‘gins, However the country also has many endemic
species. fs 2650 recorded species vascular pls,
reprseming about 1% of world No, 10 ae endemic

op rte and medicinal plants ae party
important foral groups in Jordan There ttl 078
mamma species and 425 xd species Jordan ana
isespecialy ich because fs geographical lcaon by
‘the Great tle, ag wii he outer migatoy
north plete waterfowl The Gul of Aqaba hass
more than 1000 species of sh, 250 specs of oa in
ation tosponges sas, cabs andsea tures Jordan
also hosts 102 sedes of hespeofuna, the majority of
‘whch are reptiles Athoughinverebatesareestimated
to frm more than 70% of Jods tota number of
fauna species he exact umber isi unknown,

As the county anks as the words second poorest
county in terms of water resources, i lied in
aura sources agcutural land and severely sure
wate with potash and phosphate a Is main export
commodties The main agicutual products Include
ius, tomatoes, cucumbers, ole, stambertes,
stone ft sheep, pouty and day. Only around
2 of Jordan able land, nding a oa it
ea of 800 ke’ rough isthe main natural hazard
facing Jordan in addition t the potential for period
carthquakes.Themainisuesrlaedto the enironment
in the country at ie natura rester resources,
deforestation, oergazing sol erosion, desrfcaton
and potion. To combat these Issues, Jordan signed
mary Null Enwronmentl Agreements (MEAS)
andi focused on protecting and rehabiltating many
threatened cations.

75. Biodiscovery case

Jordan spr of what used tobe known a he Fre
‘escent a midpoint between to centres of gin of
¡op species. AS mentioned eae, the nave for of
Jordan incloes many economy portant gps
of plants such as plats of medial values, many wid
‘ede plats and op wi lates CR.

‘sare the wid cousins ofourctiated ops and ae
genetica ete to food cop varieties tended by
‘humans they contiuetoevlveln the lé, developing
ais such as drougn tolerance or pest resizance,
Breeders an make use ofthe superior genetic als >
Improve commercalvaetiestonacs esting ire
ses condon They have been used 10 improve
Y and uttiona quality of food cops as wel. The
"NasonalAyclture Research Centre (NAR) in Jordan,
which i responsible fr research and biodvesty
conservation oer the Ministry of cute, verses
‘the consewation and sustainable uilzton al Pat
Genet Resouces for Food and Agicuture (PGRFA)
and is oficaly designated as the foca point of the
Intemational Treaty on PCAFA. NARCS national gene
‘bank whichis fal designated asthe National Gene
Bsk Jordan ost morethan4000seedacesonsot
“rent plat groups inclui cops and adraes At
the practicaleve NARC represented the Directorate
of Blodiwesiy, has implemented many projects and
Inte toward the conservation and unten of
‘Gs ate to Jordan, For ts purpose, NARC signed
MoU with the Royal Botanic Gardens at the United
‘gdm ta colaboat and share benefits in cation,
‘conservation and research on the oa Jordania Na
This Included funding colection mises, capacity

ling of the ARC sal colabora rest and
sharing of ests Theis phase was rom 201 10 2010.
and because ofthe ges resus achieved out of tis
‘elaboration tas extended vl 2021,

‘Another ongeing clore was established wth
‘the Cente for Genetic Resources (CGN at the Uivesy
of Wageningen in the Netherlands for the near
period 2015-2020. Ts colaboraion focuses on
the consenaton and vtizaion of CHRS of manly
vegetable ops and includes funding collection
sors, consenation and capady bung, many
foc techniques of sampling breeding materials and pre
‘weeding appences In order 1 regie the ante
ofthe shared calcd seeds between Jordan and the
Netherlands, an MoU was signed between the two
pares Under the MoU, Material Transfer Agreements
(TAS) are signed by the competent authoity of the
Treaty MARC and approvedby the competent auto
ofthe CBD Mins of Emvronment fr each ante
PGA

A good example ofthe CGN collboraion cones
the colecion and sharing of materias (seeds) and
related information about the gene poo! of Lota
‘species Asteracene) m eran Mate exchanges ave
invalid the Gop wid relatives of culivated lence,
whi Isa gemas of great importance to food and
‘ctr bt not ind inthe Mutter System
ofthe Internationa Treaty on PGRFA. Therefore such
material echange ae regule in accordance th
the late ABS approach of the Nagoya Protocol
The cop vd eaves of letce tht grow mest in

76. 5

stubedhabatspassess genes freine tfungl “The ich traditional lag of
sense Such genes anbeinsogessedntoclivted Toca communities, and particularly he
ete Lctca sate) tinduce resistance disenss, Enledee posse by lca women à
Theil sapesofuizationincuded the propagaon — exentalorimplementing the Nagoya

a. (a a
then the sharing ofthe seeds o be conserved in both | ensure moe sustainable access and benefit
rere cn. A
e se o (aaa oii
1S SL Ao ret
A |S
‘ted ind onde 0 caer eT
ee
ne por
See bee le oy Bs
tear Ca prs Gre sp
‘arte mae’ arnt pde
A ico ela
ete y
Daley Way aa pee
prs en mes es ed oy
ee
en
soem onde pe of oe me
Mawes

The Bliversty Decorate at NARs seling further
‘elaboration to expand the scope of such work with
her itematnal organizations to support research
fon the conan and ul ef local Nora
sndlandaces

77. _#

In fine focus:

“he research colaborations, plant breeding and as
cover, such 35 In the above examples, help the
«county cope with the mest presing obstaces 10
achieving the lbs Ss by argeing ses related ©
Doers conservation and sustainable us, aceso
genetic resources and benefit sharing, climate change,
hunger, Bodies, responsible consumplien and
‘production, poverty and economic rom,

Jordan with the support ofthe UNDP-GEF Global ABS
oct is working to implement Target 156 of 0615.
‘on accesso genetic sources sustainable use and
Benet sharing. Sila, the poe s supporting
Target 25015062 whch stats that 202, aint
the genetic versity of seeds, culated plants and
fared and demand animas and thei related
wld species, including though soundly managed
and verified seed and pant bans atthe national,

Gs implemented by the biodiscovery case

‘regional and international lev and promote aces
to and far and equal sharing of benefits ang
rom the utzon of genetic resources and associated
‘wodtonalknowiedge, sternly gres”

The UNDP has been working on these and other
‘erwenmentalisuesin Jan troughs Enviroment,
‘imate Change ad Date Rik Reduction (RR) Pil
"The illo provides dynamic support othe Goverment
‘ofdordanandtherinsttuonof the county Including
non-government organizations, community-based
‘ganizations, and the pre sector, 10 addres
feonmenta challenges facing Jordan, such as
climate change los of overs, desertification, and
water scary and conteo aching sustainable
evelopment ordanis fly commited achieving the
06s andconbuting to bal sustainably

ER

78. don is advancing towards the sustiable and
équitable use of genetic resources by developing à
(ul acceptable, inclusive, and beneficia legal
framework for implementing Access to. gene
resources an Benet Sharing (AB) tar compl
with the Nagoya Protocol of the Convention on
Boogkal Dives.

On 25 Jy 2018 represents ofthe Jordan Mises
of Envronment and Agu, Te Royal Society for
the Conservation of Nate, The Roya Botanic Garden,
The Badia Restoation Programme, The Nationa
Convention on Biologia Deity Commitee Bid ie
Intematonal The Royal Marine Conservation Society of
Jordan Jodan Customs PhamadissSrdcate Geman
Technkal Cooperation, universi, the Intemational
Union rte Conservation o Nature (UCN) and UNDP,
met in à workshop atthe Den es 1 review and
alte a dat ABS bae forte county e wish
folowed à compense anal, coordinated by
‘he Jordan Minty of Environment wth suppor fom
‘the UNOP-GEF Globol ABS Project and UCN of bla
and the eal provisos relating to acess and use
‘of genetic resources in the country. These induced the
National Bodies Strategy and Acion Plan 2015-
2020, the Endronment Protection Law (Number 52,
2006 the Bow on tected Ares and National ars
Number 29,205, he Baw on Environmental impact
‘Assessment (Number 37, 200), and the Agee
Law ofthe Ministry of Agree (Number 4 ofthe
yr 202

cal enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

The new bylaw, which was developed in onsuatn.
with elvan stakeholders, provides a legal framework.
for stengthening inituenal capacities and
clas instutonal mandates and responsibilities
for ABS Implementation in the coun. The daft
law wl be submited 10 the Cabinet fr discussion
andendorement.

Tis byte wl define the roadmap for implement,
far and equtable shang of benefits fom genetic
resources in Jordan” - Me Raed Bani Han, Director
of Biodiversity Dette atthe Jordan Misty of
Emenment

80. BIODISCOVERY CASES

BHUTAN
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
MONGOLIA
MYANMAR
TAJIKISTAN
VIETNAM

82. BHUTAN

DUMIYIS

Developing sustainable products guided
by ABS principles and traditional knowledge
of mountain plants Ress

83. AUTHORS

84. SETTING THE SCENE

Bruta unique biogeographic locaton at the
interecion of the Indo-Malyon Reon and the
Palearctic Resim combined with an extreme aud
‘ange and mi cimati condos have gen to
an outstanding dies of fora and fauna, Mor than
5600 species of ascular plants, dose to 200 specs
‘of mammab, and some 700 specs of bids have
een recorded in a county thats Just 38 394 km in
geographical sz, the second smallest in South Asa. At
the oblleel the country formsthecoreof the Easter
Himalaya, whichis recognized o bea al biodiversity
hotspot anda global important eco-elon. Te global
Sloieance ofthe countrys loves is accentuated
bythe facthatiththertocarsvitualyun agentes
‘ove vst reiches of natural land as reo of ited
human ntson.

Bhutan hasbeen fortunate to have visonry leaders
who have tiles, advected and demonsvated
ob kadeshp onthe importance of enironment
Conservation, Ter sa profound nexus between the
oun Bodies ad is people Syne percent
‘ofthe population Ives in ua ress bag on an
integrated farm based Iveco system that combines
op dct, Instock warn, and ue of wide
range of forest products. The tong culture of ethno
botanical uses even to ths day, remain significant,
and rural communis ave vast stores of tational
Knowledge on the use of more than 200 species of
medal plants hat extn the county

Tocouner the various tests ts bide tana
Inplace various strategies supported both by pkey and
leg instruments, Th acess to genetic resources and
benefit sharing (ABS) mechanism supported through
the UNDPGEF project (implementing the Nagoya
Protocol on Aces o Genet Resources and Benefit
‘Sharing in Bhutan just one example ofan innovative
approach to complement the ongoing flor of the
Royal Goverment of rutn

85. Biodiscovery case

‘Afistlance the Dando vilagelcatedinthesouth-
‘west of Bhutan might notseem ohne the making of
woatve industry MAN2672 residents, is mounainous
lag, tke thousands of other communities in this
lrg rural Kingdom, of the baten tack is oly
accesible va à single unpned fam road, mosty
"pasable during the monsoon season,

Although the Dredokha community is bested th
‘eae fee 08 conditions o grow cash cops such
_ascardamom, ginger and mandarin oranges, he prices
‘of rdamem and gingerhaveabvays been a gone for
the famers subject 1 dsappoinments due 1 wate
markt conons - challenge for these salted rural
armer Toad to the woes, rs geting dese
used mainy by climate change acid he ene
‘range orchards in the wages almost a decade ago
‘he 35 km acess road from the newest highway to
‘the community isnt only unpaved, but vulnerable ©
landsies during the monsoon season

Butthe Dadotha ares cuan of plat uz in
‘watonal medicine -Zngbrcosumunar or Mountain
Ginger cpring up a wor of economic potenti
le simultaneous preserving vadtiona knowledge
TO. Genis lately fee sol canons, mountain
‘ginger rons wel in Dedo and yids à sable
‘make pce = vt possbities for needed demand

Workinginparmenti wih UNOP Bhutan andfinanced
‘bythe UNDP-GE ABS projec the National lovey
‘entre (NBC) has developed natural products based
fon the documented wadiional knowledge of
using Mountain Ginger The intl ea came while
coment wadtenal Knowledge, when members
rom the community noted that mountain ginger was
‘en use for rn joint pains. The pot projet
henbeganwthakumalareement dawn between the
NEC and the community members flowed y ling
catan techniques. Curent, the poets in
‘hed yearofcommerci honesto Zingber assumunar

forthe community. May farmers mentioned that he
ant reve easy o cute and is generally
‘ot dette by wid animals 2 commen tea ©
ter crops

The NBC on the other hand, wih the tech
<lboraen of the Herbanext Laboratory Inc. and
‘trough ts blorospecing program has tested the TK
holders clamsthatthe pan contains atve ngredents
that can educ join pains After a yerdong research
werk the NEC in ine th the ABS processes of the
country developed two products namely a massage
sim and a Imment il from the Mountain Ginger,
rich were launched by the Prime Minister of Bhutan
‘on Sth Rp 2018 alongwith seven other nature based
products sich as an wine creum. perfume, spe,
aná hand sant to support sustainable eos of
thera communis.

wisin tin oral paies hasbeen ceed under
"SAS project helping the goverment and hela
‘ommuntesthaness the ptenalusesofthecounty’s
ich Boga resources and is asodte adora
name tab, Chench Dor Prot Manager
sad that plot pc os mel Denen the
NBC in better understand the ABS process though
Fist handexperienes of rowing on ABS remet wth
he communty freee ht the projec il not ny
‘empower he mm reus pena pes or the
gent rare bu cha benef ram edna contes
‘uch as copacty bug for sustainable harvesting and
‘hating of pocentge fom the sole a the product
He further elaborated that “the users Bnet i ters of
les Imvesimet and tine song in Bgl rues
(operation due o the guidance fom the Tadtona!
Anonhdge ond ey sp of saw meter rm the
‘oc! community groups: Atel pen el te
monetary benefit resting from these ABS agremens
lg 1 the Bhutan Aces and Benefit Sorin Fund
2 8 plough ck mechanism to super and sua
‘oer consenationefortsinthe county.

sum ©

86. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

(On 5th Api 2018, Mr Cencho Do the Project
Manager ofthe UNDP-GEF ABS poet read in
‘one ofthe nest a sks looked ected and
Di nervous too. He was exe st was the day o
‘the muchawaled ceremonial launch of the nine
nature based products that he eam Fo the NBC
had woredonforthesstfouryeasinclsboration
with Menjong Song Pramaceukals Coperaton
Limited, Bo Bhutan and local communities of
Daga, Unga, Loghina an Longthe However,
Ps newousnes vas nat because of the auch, but
becouse the launch event had been elevated 1 à
higher evel to be graced by the Prime Minster as
the Clef Gus.

‘The nature based produc, being ist ofthe kind
andprodvedinin wth national AS!

nat any impressed the guests, but bo received
à huge pas fom the Prime Minter cling t
“pisine products) produced rom the pristine
envionment of Bhutan

pl

¿Uta
ets
== A
883

He further elaborated at Bhutan must optimal
‘iets eh genetic sources na way tat benefits
‘the Bhutanese andthe rest of he worl

As ero got ood wit promotion packages
And the guess started to walkin, Me Chanch sd
“1am vryhoppy nest because the success
launch, but because ofthe higher endorsement
and naonwide med coverage ecauaphg more
uch ABS ventures in the future” Homes, he sd
“Ibe the happest when the proce fm the
sale ofthe products are handed over othe formes
235 he recaled Mr Nar Do} Ghalley, Chaman
ofthe Déc Famers Group and his fiends
‘menting pressure o pay ff her farm loans
and meet tele chien’ eduction expenses had
lessened fom extra income they comes rom the
ssleofthe Ange

87. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

‘he project contibutes to advance the folowing
Susainaie Development Goals (068)
S06 NO Poverty
$06 3:Good heath and wel ing
‘065: Gender Equality
‘06 Decent work ad Economic Growth
506 13: Cima ction
506 15 ufeon Land

‘The projet supports the Inelhoods of farang rural
communities that are les privileged and do not have
an easy acces to modem developmental facies,
"The implementation ofthe Nagoya Protocol compl
ABS agreements generated employment and income
‘opportunites for both men and women (S06 1 and)
Monetary Benefits trough the sale of the nature based
products leveraged children; education and base
necestles forthe poo households ofthe communities.

‘The project ters the conservation and use of
Blan gene resources in response to adórsing
à wide range of oder thats and impacts by
“enhancing the socal and econamic value of be
‘onservation, The projc support in srengtheing
oral ABS Poy and Regubtory Famenerk els
‘thecounrytoguideand regulate he use of body
and conservation, thereby protecting, restoring and
promoting sustainable ue of terestil eossems,

sustainably managing forests combating forest
degradation, and mos importantly hating the los of
Bodiversty under the SG 1,

‘The AS project supports ral communities, who are
the cstodin of tadtonal medicines, ssanabe
hareng processing, making and utzon of
‘medial plants. The project supports the good heath
and welt beng (50 3) foal communtis enuring
heathy tes andthe promotion of wellbeig fr all
ages of men, women and chien. The tational
medines are cheap andaferdabe ta poor people the
Shutanse sect, who an afford modem medicines.

The projects emphasis on research and
«ommerdalzaton andthe discover of nature based
‘rodutsand dversieaon buldstheresience foal
‘communes against ate change, thus contri
1950613

Genderssaggegated — capaciy development,
awareness. ad sensation programs cotbute ©
ersuog gender equalty and womers empowerment
‘The fact hat women are in the executive positon, in
managing the diferent gene resource management
oups cos the plo tes empowers them tomate
‘ational soa and economic decilons that benefit hee
hes 5065

88. Legal and political enabling
environment for ABS and the
Nagoya Protocol

In une 2017, the intern 2015 Access and Bent Shing
(ABS) Poly was adopted by the Goverment a5 the
National Aces and Benet Sharing (ABS) Poly o Bhutan.
The Bodies Ac of 2003 has ben revise, ecogiing
the importance of equating acess to and tiza of
gene resources and asaiated wadona knowledge
The daft oder Bl has been reviewed by he Ofce
‘ofthe Atomey General and withthe incaporaton of ter
feedback thas ben fazed and submiteo the Cabinet
Secretatfrfrthe submission tthe Parlament Howe,
‘he passage of te il wil be dled a the Parlament is
estao tae pay new sues before the 2018 electa.
Nonetheless the Item ABS ply hasbeen approved by
‘the Goverment which wil migat the impact and pave
way forward for ABS implementation should the BI does
ot pass year

Further the formulation of he rules and regulations
forthe implementation ofthe Bovey At entation
and designation of competenvautorised agendes for
‘the implementan and regla ofthe ABS regime in
complace with the Nagoya Protocol and esablshment
‘ofa instal amena, administrate system, ules
and procedures tofactate plementation of the national
ABS framework aval been completed, Bhutan ined the
Nagoya Protec in 2017 and ete i 2013 in epi
with ts comment to interational aw and a a State
Party tthe Convention on Biologia Der.

89. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

~The ABS projet is very special tothe National
Biodiversity Centre sit fst of ts Bind in
supporting the Government he privete sector

and local communities to develop natare-based
products from he countrys rich biological scares
in a sustainable way through the acces and benefit
sharing regime For as, this means growth and
development ar inclusive and sustainable witha
{focus on conservation.

‘The ABS projet is alo very close tomy heart as it
has directly benefited the communities of Bhutan.
‘The ABS projet ha enabled the people to come

ap with innovative ideas fo income generation
opportunites though sustainable harvesting
domestication and eommerilietion of wild
plants and other biological resources

The project has als renewed the appreciation of
people the matara environment, minforeing the
Benefit of badiverity conservation.

One of the ey challenges that we faced during the
implementation othe projet was in managing the
expectation ofthe loal communities especial
Beneft sharing, This was overcome by promoting
partnerships with the ca communities in every
step of the projet implementation; keeping them
informed on very progress and empowering

‘th community to lead the process. Furthermore,
creating awareness on ABS, product value chains

= SI”
‘market forces, sustainable wlization, ete. helped
manage ther expectations at a reli level
‘This proces strengthens the trast and respect
been the partis which greatly influenced he
negotiation ofthe benefits

also believe in the importance of imparting
legal arenes tothe local communities before
procecng othe negotiation and signing ofthe
ABS agreements The other important lso
‘that Ihave learn throughout the proces isa
nec for strategizing a localized communication
plan for fctiv communication with he

local commanitic”

‘RTASHIYANGZONE DOR Fyn Dre eats
Frei Cr, Myo gore Fre.

91. AUTHORS

vewar

yuevuzou

92. SETTING THE SCENE

hina is à megadiverse country, home to some 10%
0 al known plant species and 14% of known foun
Of the 34 984 spaces of higher plans known in
China, 50% ae endemic. Medina properties have
been identified or 13 80 species of Chinas ora and
fauna. The countrys long agculual History has
produced aid every of aie! vee and
Subspedes, though natural selection and arial
‘election, Chinas population includes motile ethnic
oups in geographical wei areas who poses
tide ranging tacional knowledge related to crops,
stock, pouty fi, traditional medicine, processing
techniques, prescriptions and theapls, dona
farming methods and production model, tations
ture flore and biological products.

Chinas blog resources offer huge potent for
the development of tional technology industry
and fr providing sustainable benefits tothe county,
including the communis that depend on them.
However, the tational means of reaping bene
from biodvenity has been changing Intemational
Wile nana acu pactes = inclui,
the development and marketing of the products of
uiaton, propagation animal husbandry aná wld
Calection - continue, increasingly moder scenic
rmethodsarebeingusedtoenabletheatifclsyihess
ofpraductsbasedon the geneticandbochemicl make
‘po parta vay or subspaces. ese processes
(an rest in the deterioran of supply chains for
ela products and ltd specimens by
«mining he users eco acquire mor hana mal
uan samples ro eur and resopiy mor tan
one two times Thus esting uses increasingly fd
thelr products n competition with products developed
by smihesng or otherwise Ring the gene oF
bochemialinfomation om the spaces.

93. Biodiscovery case

Dencobium noble, rciéscene (known as Shi Hu
in Cines) ha long been rcogniaed fr ts unique
properties and use fr th treatment of stomach and
idney discrders and ao for diabetes (Compendum
of Mateo Medica, 1603. Local is ao recognized
to have cutive properties with regard to vascular
‘eons such as pheboscros Init chemical
analy confirms tht Shi Ho contains à number of
«compounds of potent irs, including sown
chemial compound of dendrobine and generates
natural more than ten ater Kind of element that
re benefial human heath, a wells high lees of
Pohsacehardes and amino ais

In the Xshuangbanna Dal Autonomous Prefecture
‘of Yunnan Province, where Sh Ha is harvested and
cute, the On People and Han People and other
minos are engaged inthe UNDP-GEF ABS Project.
(Developingandimemening te NavonalFamevork
on Aces 1 and Benet Sharing of Gene Resources
and Asocted Traditional Knowledge), implemented
bythe Foreign Economic Cooperation lie, Minty
of Eclegy and Environment FECOMMEE), wich has
selected Yunnan as one os tee pot stes in China,
Since Shi Hs an ts asodated aden knowledge
ae colected fom lca communes, the project wil
acte the sin of formal agreements on acess
and benefit sharing by both the providers and users of
the GRK with PIC procedures ring programmes
and capac bldg on dendrbiu production and
AS ul be organized fr local communities, and the
Internaonaly recognized certificates for GRTK wl be
‘sued bythe government withthe fl pncpatin of
not communis

Local communities wil receive denia sue
‘ature fetes and agua nfastucue, such

2 plastic tem from companies, The harvested plans
wil be purchased by companies. Tey wi as sgn
agreement wih companies, wit the possibly of
becoming sharehlders in them binging à postie
Impact tthe level of employment and aca!
income and crating sable businesses within the
ane. Sie aces red 1 the movement of
morts wll be undertaken at other plot ses in
‘Gangs Autonomous Region and Hunan Province. al
se ar le ten f ensure that portion and
benefit sharing are gener espns

The proce of wing bog resource sew mater
10 produce food and beverages, or example, have
een ongoing for cents however, sent and
echo advancements, as wél consumer neds
and preferencesarechangingthewayinwhichentepies
‘we toga resources Many Chinese eneprenursare
‘engage in Kenting new (genetic and Biochem
‘et fr wadiona Chinese medica! plants, including,
dendrbium, golden camella Stave grsebe
(Cueuraceane and ern te. Wile mest of ese uses
sl appear to ci onthe ue of et production of
‘xvas powers an esences as Ingres in new
‘rod some research wok inves mor advanced
«izan of DNA nd related now

Ming Hong Trading Ca Ld a compary that produces
andprocests dendrobiomi Xshusngtanns, hasbeen
procesing harvested dendrobum in varaus fans,
such as granules loenge,beveages, and capsules,
mostyforloamarkeis.Ming Hong Tadin C.Liduses
dendobium in medicines, which ncloces Maung
eyesight improving bolus of noble dendrbium and
“Jnsangahoubao herbal that lozenges that soth
Sore and swollen trat Some products are sld to
Germany Malos, Than and the USA

94. “or people in Nshuanghanna Dai Autonomous
Prefecture of Yunnan Province in Souhaes
Chino, getting rid of poverty san abate
neces. The prefecture has had a magnificent
cultural heritage and unique genetic resources
and traditional noue for thousands of years,
but people living here benef ite fom what
‘they have, making locals ive in poverty and
undermining ther cultural confidence. We hope
‘the projet will promote our source consereation
and bring us a better len the near future”

E VONG sf beng Hor ado aL

0 Yong ao enone thatthe UNDP EF project
“Derdophng and. implementing the Nationa
Framenod on Aces o and Bene Shing of
Genet Resources and Asacatd Tadtonal
Knowledge promotesa von tt alte eas who
arde pers gente resources and tdi
‘knowledge could benef fom the uses, such as
Ming Hong Trading Co. Lt Far people ting in e
recu the ABS projetisageathope or thet
Improve trends Te expectation provides
motion tothe Pje Management fice (PMO),
Insping al theinoted staf nthe pect.

95. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by
the biodiscovery case

For the remote and less deoped regios which
are endowed with rich natura resources and long
Agreuture vadtins, ABS hos surly bought new
‘opportunity for development by the valorization of
eneticresurcesandassocite cional node,
andby the empomermentol the peoples who vein the
loa communis They are now are of the aise
value ofthe cops they culated and the expeenes
and knowedge they hve accumulated on autre,

a
ea AS

made an even day e, and know there ae ways
Lo protec em This how the UNDP.GEF ABS Project
in china contribute o 50 1 (Wo poverty) and 506 2
(@erobungen,

‘The Project als lps to rele SG 8 (Decent work
and economic gon) and $069 dusty, innovation
and nfasucr, ne the projet implementation
requires the assembling and documentation of loca
_genetiresoucesandasiocated traditional knowledge,
‘which nt oy increas bs related othe use of them,
but lo fou research and the development of
genetiresoueesandassocated traditional nowedge

96. ‘The Govemmentof hina hasidentfedtheinoducton
‘ofa national ABS framework consent wth the CDS
ravis as a potty and a hey step to conserve
Bodies and promote aces 0 genetic resources
and astcted racional knowledge. Chia signed
and fied the Nagoya Protocol in 2015. The Minis
Ecology and Envanment Chin pulsed à daft.
dinitrate regulation on AS nMareh2017 ost
publ pion.

China has ach gent importance to ABS and the
protection of naual resources and the enronment.
‘The 2nd paragraph ofthe satin of he Constan
spun: the county ensues the rational tization of
atl resouces and protects ae animals nd pans.

cal enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

In the spt of the Constitution a sers legion”
laws have been adopted by the National Peoples
Congress and is Standing Commitee fr natural
resources and eionmental protection mos of wich
ml Biodvenity conservation ad the cnsenaon.
‘andravonal uation ofgeetiresoucesFeinsanee,
the Animal Husband Law enacted at th end of 2005
Involves benefit sharing, in which the 16th ate
puis: when wansering the genetic resources
of Ivstock and pouty ln proeción Isis overseas
or conducting cooperative research with averses
Insitutions. and individual, an application should
be apple 1 the Bvestock veterinary department of
the provinal goverment, and proposal 1 sore
the bene shouldbe submited The 1h atc of
the Seed Law established the national sovereignty
Of gempasm resources The Sth ate ofthe Patent
Lave state that no patent ight shal be granted for
any imvenion where aquition or use of the genetic
resources on whlch the invention rele sn vision
ofthe provisions of relevant laws and administrative
regubtions. Besides the aforementioned legion,
there are many oder requbtions pening tothe
eonsenation and ulation of gene resource that
have been promulgated by relevar departmentsofthe
Stat Cound nd he Misty of gricture a
url As, the State Administration of Forestry and
Grassland and the General Administration of Quy
Superson, Inspection and Quarantine. ln gene,
China has baslal established a relatively complete
Iegalolca enabling enone for the Nagoya
Protocol and il continue 10 promote ABS legion
to protec biodiversity.

97. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

DRMACHAODE Pudo ser DP Ci

99. AUTHORS

ANATOLY MISHENKO

FRUZ BROHIMOV

100. SETTING THE SCENE

‘The Republic of Kazakhstani located atthe her of
unsia The lengthofthe countrys 1 600km rom
Lo south and 3 000 km om wet o east, ih a tt
ares of272 lion a

‘The (una of Kazakhstan nudes abou 500 species of
is 178 species of mama, 49 spaces of reptiles,
12 species of amphibians 107 spaces of fish and
‘closes in aver nd Labs, and about 100 000
species ol imertbrats, including 50 00 species ol The agricultural Noa s represented by 26 species of
tree. vid cp res that determine the genetic pote
of2 ops Valuable plant gnetiresouresasolnclude
‘The fora s represented by 5 754 spaces of vascular 10 species of curan ul rltes of arts, pura,
ants 4851 species fungi 2000specesofalge,S16 asparagus, onions gar, and 120 speces of tus.
Species of messes and 485 species of ers Among A gene pol of global sigan or mas ines
the pans, 14% of specs are endemic Forest plant Sievers andNedrvetsl apples, apts and others.
‘communities inode 68 tee species, 266 species of
Shrubs and 433 species of herbs Hahn produces mor than 70 vases of cops,
68 vane of ls, and mor than 60 vais of
vegeuble and melon cop. More than 20 vats
of potatoes are bred and wel adapted nthe county.
ls) Among oter things the UNDP.GEF Global ABS Pje
in Kazakstan faites and supports Bioprespecting
research on genetic resources that come fom the
folowing key plant specs: Alochusa apsphyods,
species of Gheyrhiza, Rhopontcum carhamaldes,
Arosa rie, Feo aso orida and species of
Catone. Anchor spies to whic the projet has
payed attention s Gheyrhiza gabe and Its genetic
resorts quae ithe rot of glabr hom which
set avout an be exacted The quo plan
an hereto reniallegume ate to Kazaa.
Te hos a wide range of substances useful to the
human body

101. Biodiscovery case

The Kazakhstan company “Zee” LLC
aciromedges the fundamental ole of tadtomal
Amonledge a an inpetat af for nee work on
‘genetic resource based product covery and
Innovation as wel at nis rs toward biosesy
‘conservation and sustainable makeing.

‘The company has reed acetato ecogaiion
that they produce and process the medial plans
in complance wi. Chinese traditional medicine
standards and thatthe projet ls complan with an
ABS permit fom Kazakstan. The pemit has been
formales tough a benefit sharing agreement vith
3 Chinese pharmaceutical company omy wäh the
local communes of the souh and southeastern
pat of Karakıtan. This agreement isthe fist benef
Sharing agreement ina Cental Alan county wth oa
communes formarktingof medicinal herbs

“ere: LA, wich isthe largest company In the
Central Asian region, processes and produces piyto
‘oducts. Today the company occupies a leading
poson among domestic produces of medal plat
‘reparations covering mor han 80% ofthe mare

erde Fat LIC reguly conducts reset and
development on medicinal and aromatic plant and
devis an exact fom quo and ether plans
"quere has à wide range of substances sell the
human bodys chemical composition diverse the
‘oats ad rhizomes A contains the apnin dervate
‘yori -asubstncethatisa mire potassium
Andale sas of bask gheynhis ao nado,
‘more than 27 faves, ascorbic al sei, eso,
tie um tr, essential and asparagine have been

‘dented in the plan. Fvoncds have multifaceted
fes on te body = spam, wound healing and
antnfammatr The therapeutic eft onthe bay
quoi rots dv os content of cotas,
ce ucos rch and cele as we organ
20 = fumar mul, ti and sun quer
2 raw herbal plant materials widely marketed and
‘exported to China nd o European counties wth the
mat name Ignore oo.

The tems of the Beneht Sharing Agreement ae
appled through notary-veifed agreements between
the company and the community, with which al of
the monetary benefits ae being shared Wh à pa
community-based contact, the company has agreed
‘onallaspectsofmonetary benefits in advance wit the
‘community The company makes a pepayment forthe
«atvatonandconsevatonofthe medina herbs, and
‘hen the community lets ad dels e medical
ers 1 the company, the ater makes ia payments
10 the community base on the contact.

In the meantime, the company has provided
tecindogial equipment and tools for the local
commun to enhance ther effectiveness for both
‘the heal plans conservation and its management
Such benefi ae among the non monetary benefs
that are inde inthe agreement which as refers
to the exchange of information and development
‘els, colaboran, cooperation and contribution 10
training and capschy Bulg, reinforcement of the
technology nse capables, rain oft
pc human resources and mateals 1 nore
the conenation and susaable utizaion of the
geneiresoures.

102. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

4 plan legal expert Ihave noticed
‘that there are dozens of herbal plants which
are note lgalize de touncartes om their
origins sacha Bra ass feido era
should be egaliced natiomoide becouse can
help people from many diferent was oft
with heir medical issues and alo mazinize

revenue forthe government Legalization
sel positive impact the economy of mst
ofthe herbal farmers. Medico frais also
constantly usd asa painkiller in te place of
Vicodin and other prescribed drag

RAID RADIONOY apor reto
Ion och tada mig
ardent Goes el peris

“For many common infection diseases
herbal tera using liquorice ofers ma
fictive and more wholesome treatment than

traditional or bei medicin

RAMAL MSHENE, ins
MS URALAYKARATEV,
fete commun nde amp

eka ap

103. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

‘Theblodsconery cs orte to implementation fhe lowing SOG:

5061 (age 2 Incomes of 211 farmer (91 men
and 120 women) wllbenef rom increases 15
1061%sa rest ofImproved nd productivity
due these of genet resources figure;
ton of high vale gene eources such
‘this would alo have other envonmentl
sustainably perspectives

"©5061 (get 3 Aces 0 economic resources
facitated fr the poor and vulnerable special
previously dslaced people and women) tough
Job create en santi managed genetic
resources (13 new family uses throughout the
ict wth otal etred gent resource sites of
1 200ha creating jobs for 145 households seasonal
workers who come from the neighbouring elon)
and 33 permanent cal resident) and though

recent (5) local residents (most women)
towerkinnureries

1 5063 (get 39; Wel being and health of
Population in Kazakhstan as velas abroadtobe
Improved dueto wider processing nd tization
quae

= SOG 1S Tage 15) Consenatinrestoraon
and sulnabie use of and ecosystems willbe
Entancedto over 12001,

Fur erde Fo" LLC, tough Is parres, have
‘esablshed massveareasofreuvationand processing
‘ans in ease and southern parts Kal. Ths
rojas cated employment opportunites across
eve chain. A total of about 1 200 people of whom
1 are women hav been employedin the proces.

104. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Kazan ried the Nagoya Protocol on ABS in
2015. Kamlistan atbutes gat Imporance to
the Nagoya Protocol on ABS. has made significant
progres sce it became contact pry tothe CBO
In 1977 by taking poly and gilt steps towards
úpromating conservation, stainable tation of wild
species, gl resaurces and association
Knowledge, while ao promoting he ir andequtabe
sharing of tenes rg rom th tation, namely
‘trough the Nationa lodversty and Strategie Acton
Pa (NSAP) and Environmental Code of 2007.

The inspectorate ofthe protected areas under the
Commitee of Forestry and Wade has been issuing
Boprospecing permäs ice the coming into effect
of the Boprespecing, Acces ond Beneft String
Bagues (SAP regulon) of 2015, which were
developed in accordance with the Environmental Code

of 2007. The BSAP regulations, which came into fore
in 2007, regulate the Biopospcting actes tough
& permit sytem. The UNDP-GE Global ABS Project.
is supporting the upgrade of the existing gite
framework on AS with the vito complying wth the
ew obligations underthe Nagoya Protea. Allegaland
Poly instruments have Ben reviewed at the ation
level withthe view to harmonizing them aná 1 uit
the country’s ebigations under the Nagoya Protocol
Moreore, the ABS legal masteoming actes
Pure by the project tte the implementation
ofthe Nagoya Protein he county by enhancing
legal cramy and wansporency ofthe ABS procedures
and supporing the implementaron of monitoring
mechanisms to encourage oesight ofthe tien
‘of gene resources along the valve cai inclui,
‘trough the intemationly, reagnzed cece
ofcompnce.

105. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

Panne and coloration. between toditonal
Anoniedge holes, the sien communiy esearch
instutons, and small and medium envepreneus
are cial for ABS succes The development of
national gation on AS, withthe full and eect
Paridpaton of key sakchldens, is nsvumental in
factating aces, ensuing hat PCI obtained ending
10 negotiations and entering into MAT. Cry defined
holders of tational Knowledge coupled with legal
‘representation sey o many suceso bene sharing,
agrements ABS projects.

Hormenizationandcamprehensionftheleglandpoliy
‘documents incuding he establishment of a ceting
house mechanism simportantto ensure wansparencyof

“To date the Nagoya Protocol chos the
sovereign right of Kazakhstan over ts
natural resources and stipulates hat Prior
Informed Consen (PIC) with the custodian of
th genetic resources and asecatd traditional
Anouledge isa preequise for adequate access
ynational and international users I i ery
“importan o urge hat we now can negotiate
Mutual Agreed Terms (MAT) using al needed.
conservation prerequisites hat clarify the se
of enetc resources betwen the partes based o
der ales and procedures

DRAMA HE is pine who pies
‘eal pete amt athe ong

the national ABS system and possibly dona income
generation ordinal rowed older.

Key to the UNDPLGE Global ABS Project the full
‘mainstreaming ofthe ABS pines it the legal and
polcyinstuctonsincodingwithavewto ensuring hat
the liv of Kazakstan indigenous gente and
ological resources reduces pressure on wild species
‘thereby promoting ther conseraton and sustainable
use. The etation site and processing ay for high
quay extracts that supported by the ABS Project is
located narra ars where ter Isa moderate level
‘of unemployment hence the ABS Project als ams ©
‘eae nets athe community lei the cation
ste aswel asin the processing oy

razas O)

107. AUTHORS

JAVRHLAN,

JARGALJAMSRANIA

BEATE TRANKMANN

108. SETTING THE SCENE

Mongols & 2 landlocked and high alte country
located beeen Rus and Chin, where the soute
edge of Sein Taga forests meets the Asian Seppe,
andthe Gob Desert encuntersth plateau, Tanstonl
‘costems and extreme cimat conditions hive
te a unique endronment with high intaspedes
genetic verity, ere ar 7 315 species of volar
(8 127 and non vascular (4188 plat, 486 specs
of is, 141 species of mammals, 78 species offs,
16 species of reptiles 6 species of amphibians and
13 000 species limertbrates recorded in Mong,

Though the everyday Hestle and. tadtonl
iccture oa people have preserved great tational
Knowledge, such as the 5 O00yeaold tadtonl
medicine. In Mongol 72% of wadtiona! medicinal
Ingredients originate rom herbs herds 14% ae of
animal sin and the remiing 14% ae o mineral
gin. One thie of al vascular plants In Mongla are
defined 35 medicinal plants and can potentially be
used under the Nagoya Protocol y relevant indus.
Morevetisesimated that approximately 800speces
of plans ae common used in tina medicine,
about 200 species of herbs are used s ta plans,
50 species ae uses as stock oder, 5 nat wild
food specs are ls use y nomad and 50 species re
ied for nomads ui such a construction mater
andhousehol gods

109. Biodiscovery case

The Blorgani Chemistry and Pharmacognsy
Laboratory ofthe anal University of Monga
NUM found antibsceialy acne. phenalc
lip desvatwes fom the icovomethane
faction extracted fom ae parts of Comarum
salsoraram (ossacae, a pam that gows
in ravines and valleys of westem provinces of
Mongol, le, Gabi and Baynkhonger
imag,

‘The locas have know about the plants
ntbacter activity for gencatios andá ey a
the sneezing plantas ny human or animal
reee if they smelt High antbacter ctvty
ofthe plant trace the NUM researches which
le them to jon forces wth he "Monos Meal
Institue a pratense owned bythe Monos
Group, the National Center for Dematoogy
of Mongol (a pub inst) and the Tohoku
Poemacetcal Univesity of Japan. Aer à
decide ong research colabora, they found
that the pheno pi devatvesexracted fom
the plant can teat ace cased by pathogenic
miccorganisms in Mongol; thus the Phyto
ace” reams rated Po aclare
product with lense agreement, trademark and
produce standard, sbstantited by af relevant
reference hboratory conclusion. À val patent
orita à new product nd invention vas ued
rom the neta Property offen Mongol

The cream ls Being produced and sol by the
“Mongol io Products — Lab (MBPLABY, à
san up company ofthe NUM, he oldest and
most presos university in Mongola. Sales
ofthe product started at the NUM Brand Shop
in Morch 2018, Ia June, Monos pharmacies
hie stare selig i and they wll ive to
pay ropes o the startup companys aso
Inversing to note that numerous page
students defended the resene theses elated
tothe pat an the product. The jit research
group published seve scene ares in both
itematonal and cal per-evewedjoumal AS
par fe parres, e bcorganic chemistry
and pharmacognsy laboratory of NUM as also
received nemmonetary Denes such as new
ana equipment

110. “Profr Barkhuu isa member ofthe Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering at
NUM, and the principal rescacher studying

chemical structure and bioactive compounds

‘medicinal plant. eis well non for his research
‘and collaboration with the Monos Group, a
Pharmaceutical company, och shares ral fe
‘with he NUM. In September 2017, hd a chance
to vit his laboratory and meet him in person with
Anthony Foronda, Regional Projet Adrisor for
Asia-Pucifi region of he UNDP-GEF Global ABS
Project. He explained the new product, Photo

‘acne, which war deweloped in cooperation with
Japanese scents, His team collected samples
‘ene bacteria from the sin of Mongolian people
conducted series flab experiments and achieved
acces result They are aíming to produce a
plant-based anti-aene cream that is ie 1 be
‘more effective than antibioe-bsed cream.

Profesor Bats emphasized hat the harsh
environmental conditions caused the rich and
diverse genetic resources in Mongeli, which can
be potentially used under the Nagoya Protocol
He lso said that the nomadic pastoral fis
sh most eficient lisse in such harsh and
extreme conditions

Studying interactions been Iietock and

wil plant sp action between wild

plan species and microorganions, and the

herders traditional noue ive hi
inspiring cient hypothesis. He said his
Pasqu fleurs These lowers ptr rom
the snow in ary spring and eating then

rakes goat recover very quickly afer the
harsh Mongolian winter Hi lab trated 20
diferent chemical compounds from thee species
‘and found they ruppresed activa parasites

found in the goat

111. In gene, af biodsconery projets in Mongols aim
at achieung the SOG Tage 15% “Promote ar and
‘equtable sharing of the benefis asin from the
tleaonof genet resources andrometeapproprite
‘access 10 such resources, as international agreed
“he dites case chose for Is publaten has
both monetary and non monetary benefts a er the
Nagoya Protec! and Bonn Guidelines, especialy the
producto ne which is produced andl bythe
MBPAaD startup company, established by the NUM,
The MBP-ab startup company dec commutes
10 50G Target 98: “Support domestic technology
evelopment, research and innoatio in developing,
‘counts, nding by ensuring à conduce policy
“environment fo, itera indus dverstication and
value addon 1 commedies and SG Target 82
“Achieve higher els of economic product trough
<ivesfcin technologkal wpgrading andinnoraton,
incluia trough a focus on Mie added and

Free ES

: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

Iaboucintensve sectors Furthermore, the non
‘monetary benefit obtained fam the Dodscovey case
contes to SOG Target 4A: By 2030, substantially
Increase the number of youth and als who have
relevant sil, nding technical and vocatona is,
foremployment decentjobs and enreprencui:

Most of the body projets in Mongol are
(er rm scientific prospects rom everyday ese
‘ortationalknowiedge To further success achieve
smote SOG targets, the biodicovery projects should
focas onthe engagement of local resident, who ae
the primary quran ofthe genetic resources and
‘the associated waonl knowlege. nta cas, he
odiscorey project can further convite to SOG 1
(Wo povery, SOG (ender equa) SDG 10 (Reduced
inequate, SOG 12 (Response consumption and
‘productions andSDG 17 (Partnership forthe gals,

woncoun ©

113. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

1 has een nya yar since he Global ABS
projet started implementation in Mongolia and
oth the ABS concept and the initiatives taken
within he framework ofthe project were brand
ew in the country a the star of he journey
Despite the shor ime-span, the project has

made significant progres onthe development of
‘he legal framework on ABS, documentation of
died traditional knowledge asociated with
genetic resources and the identification of priority
Biodiservey projets in the country Alf thes
initiatives are expected 1 contribute substantial
10 deviing mechanisms for the creation of positive
incentives and polices as wel as administrative
measures 1 faite local communities to conserve
er local genetic resources

Hiocwer, th biggest challenge remains in the
mista between the pertinent stakeholder,

de, the research institut, private-sector
representative, local communities col

society organisations non-government and
government organizations Suck mista sf
instigated by lack of information and kuruledge
misundersanding of the proposed pois as well
a administrative measures. Therefore, a combined
‘fortis needed forall he stakcholders 0 ich
against over consumption, the ilegal export of
genetic resources and inequality

aa

management ofthe country’s precious genetic
resources for th benefi fall people in Mongolia.

‘MSBEATETRAMCHA Nee Gord
nt iden eet Muga

114. ge g ‚ginge
research on ABS and, As ‘conservation strategies.
important for future forest management

115. AUTHORS

MUMUAUNG

NYUNT KHAING

116. SETTING THE SCENE

‘The Republic ofthe Union of Myanmaris endowed with
some of the mos extensive and est dit coastal
and marine ecsystemsin mainland Southeast Asia The
county hs a ich vary of habits and ecosystems,
including 14 teresa ecoregions and an extensive
caste that accommodates ha à millon hectares
of bach and freshwater swanplad. This cosstine
supportsessenleclgialfuncionsandhabiatssuch
as spaming, nusery and feeding rounds for aquatic
‘organisms ie sh prawns and other aquatic fauna and
or of econamicinpertanceAvalabe infomation on
species vest and endemm nates that Myanmar
supports exreotnary plant and vertebrate deny
With ees of endemism hat are comparable o other
oui in the Indo-Myanmar Ondo Burma) Hotspot.
Myanmars forests support à great dvesity of timber
species that are of very high commercial vale and used
infor and onda manufacturing,

Tis Heh ecosystem i however blog threatened by
the Intoducton ef modern crop varies and allen
Imasive species, hunting. oefshing frst depletion
and degradation, encroachment, forest fires, abia
‘destruction climate change and llega ade in wie,
and life products. AS of 205, about 0% of the
total and area was covered by frets, but his has
deceased over te years because of human pressure
and forest cover changes nnd water Bert as
‘leo decned due to naense demand on freshwater
resources and range of welds for agree and
‘urbana many prs oe county elation
of plants taking place on à commercial scale and as
à es over 300 ofthe county specs are cri
‘treatenedandhave been ested theltemations
Union for Conservation of Nature (UCN

=
RS

Wie sgnicant envionmentalpoey development
has occumed in recent yas, Myanmar asa recognized
need fo à legal and institutional famewerk for ABS
of genetic resources. Myanmar ls now dating new
Intl Property UP) laws such as the Patent Law
Lo ensure is legato moe ile withthe ade.
lated Aspects of Inellectual Property Rights TRIPS)
and the draft trademark aw indes a chapter for
Geograph Indicios (the fist of is Kind in
yanmar. tthe same time, the Inlet Property
Departmento the Ministry often isprepaingGs
fora number of plants and products om pecar
‘of Myanmar such as Paw han gi ic ao known as
‘Sebo pawhsanfromShvebo Township inthe Soaing
Aegon, cof fiom Yang Township in San State
and sk rom ots (ine Lake). Anew ABS regime would
complement these frs and provide gente city 0
‘the wie of Myanmar valuable genetic resources

117. Biodiscovery case

Anger Gngbencee) ls one of the
mes important genera of plant groups
having economic vale among the non
ber forest product in Myanmar and it
as een culated for arios uses (eg.
‘wadtional medicine, refus manes
and spies) by oca people fer à long
time. Spaces such at Zager coptatum,
Zorn, 2 Rovomoculesum,2bieulatum,
2 tenascpus and 2. pygmaca (which are
‘sed s ingredient for cooking and herb
meine) are nent recorded Myanmar.

Zinger capt wi ginger oc clea
‘ayn rows ln forest areas in Kachin Sate
in the northem pat of Myanmar) andi of
économie imparance o ea peoples cash
Income. ti used as à sl and vegetable
“Theysleshrhiomesforkjats000(about
158075) peri inthelocalmrket sesh
homes are used a spice. According 10
‘he lal people i he Kahin tate capital
yt, the taste s beter than the more
mmol used Myanmar ginge (map
sein Z final, aci eink groups re
el versed th tion knowledge of
Imei uses andthe purposes.

Znglerzenmbetisslbaed commontin
‘wet abs en lowland esse forest
to NI evergren fest It used especialy
fox womens healthcare during pregnancy,
elit, breasteeding and postpartum
recon, Local people al this species In
moya.

ngbr species ar harvested and supo
inthe local mates 2 local communis
se well ar of thei value as medicine
‘or heath supplements and ution. The
Ministry of Heats Department of Medial
esearch, Department of Medial Series
and Department of Tadilonal Meine,
235 well as the Unveity of Yangon and
Inte af Meine, area an ely stage in
csnducingresearchonthe genus Zn.

118. A

119. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

"Tneproectis dret contin to $06 "end poverty
in lis forms everywhere by 203 and especily 0s
‘aiget14By 2030, ensure that al men and women
partir the porand the vulnerable hare equal hs
toeconomic resources aswel as acces ble ences,

seri and contol over land and ther forms of
propery, Inbrtance, natural resources, appropiate
‘ew echnology and Ananda sees inuding micro

france?

‘he project drecty conbuing to $06 3 “Ensue
Deal ves and promote well beng oral tal ager,
and especially, ts target 3.11 Support the esearch
and development of vaccines and mediänes fo the
communale and noncommunkable Gates thi
primary afer developing counties, provide access
1 afordable essential medcnes and vaccines, in

xcordance wih the Doha Declaration on the TRES.
Agreement and Public Heath, wich arms the ight of
<evlopng counties 1 use tthe fllthepovsionsin
the Agreement on Trade Rated Aspect of Intelectual
Property Right regarding bits o rte publ
eat and, in pata, provide access to meciines
Walt

The project is dec conan to SOG 15 "Protec,
restore and promote sustainable use of teeta
ecosystems, sustainably manage foes, combat
desert, and ha and reverse land degradation
aná halt bites los" and parla, target
156 Promote fi and equiabl sharing of benefits
ing fom the utzon of genetic resources and
promote appropiate acess to such resources as
internatonaly agree:

120. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Myanmar ro the CD on 25 November 194, and
became a party (acession) to the Nagoya Protocol on
‘Acceso Genet Resources and the Fr an Equitable
Sharing of Benes ring fom thei Ut (AS)
on 12cober 2014 I 2004, he Ministry of Scene and
Technology dated new IP Laws in cooperation with
the Union Atormey Generals Ofie and ote elated

rintvesbasedonTRPSPLawsol the A SEA Neue
and WPO Comentons and Tate, Adon, thee
1 one chape for Gis in te daft trademark Lu. The
Ministry of Scene and Technology is long o at.
à separate Gi la in the futur, The Envronmentl
Conservation Department wi inate and int
National Competent Author (NCA) or ABS.

121. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG
‘ADVOCATE

“Myanmar isan éstrandinar and diverse
county, bleed wth beau

‘altar and widespread natura ast
In may ways, it's the prime candidate for
implementation ofthe Nagoya Protocol a a
way of helping ensure local communities benefit
fiom the developmen of

But

tert ike Myanmar, where her are

development needs and lini

be dificule fr dein. ma

find time

and space to consider nw policy approaches,

“specially in fs that can seem overly
academie or technical.

‘This is ohere UNDP can help by supporting

the ABS framework can be applied in practice
Find

ine example of bioiscvery, such
as he zingiber case, can also help o ground the

icons ofthat ABS might mean fr both

regulators and communities. While hiss

‘ongoing learning proces, UNDP support all
forts to pursue sustainable development that

protects the environment and benef al people
in Myanmar:
MARTIN COR Po Manager an iT

avr, Gran o esc ad Saab Pre
Wo? Mama

123. AUTHORS

NARGIZAKHON USMANOVA

SUKHROB IRGASHEV

CLAUDIO CHAROLLA

124. SETTING THE SCENE

Titan ia county in Central Aia wth 93% of
rin composed of mountains Tajikistan contains
à grat wea ol boden resources In specs,
ecosystems and landscapes. Although the ration 5.
smal in tems of is oral andas, Titan plays
wie variation in erations and geology, ening toa
road ange ofhabiatsas reflected inthe high et
of species. The landscapes const of pins and low
‘mountains 200-1 600 mas) with desert savannaide
Mora and fauna with ay desert sos minds (1 600-
2800 mas) wth mountain woodlands and fes and
broum mountain sol:highand zones (2800-4500 mas)
with pie cold desert ora and fauna, wth meadow
Seppe, steppe, and dese sol; and val ones
(4500 mas) wih yep flora wth seta ol The
‘countrys fra and fauna make up 1.9% ofthe words
Species. lea vers I rev ich considering the
smal sine ft county thd relatives eat
ant toting 1 000 species, in addon 10 1 132
endemie spaces

Of particular importance are plants gem or food
that comprise about 300 species. The rational gene
bank fr gan, leguminous and ol cops contains
about 3 00 specimens. Medina plans ae the bas
of tational medicine, which i widely used bythe
population in es diy ies Additional hee are 81
Species ef mammals, 385 specs of bids, two species
cof amphi, 49 pecs of ah and 12 000 species of
Invertebrates A prominent feature se large number
ofarimalsendemicto akan

-Aninceasein economic deveopmentand ctviyinthe
past year the main cau of changes noces
and ss Owing 1 sol degradation, arabe nd has
‘deceased by 32% over the Int 1S yer. Inthe last
15-20 years the population has eached a population
of about 9 milen, and ths as had an impact on
ode resources, which in tun has led to igh
deforestation rte gaslnd degradation, ori,
and overhunting, Sch activities have been obser in
the habias o valuable wld ui wes Further drastic
‘changes to habitats det the dec removal of plans
for wife hunting have Ie to sever species being

125. Biodiscovery case

_Athoughtheteritory Taiana biologia
«ompostcnis etremey diverse ln aja, tere ae
9000 species fw plants and 13 00 species af wld
animals Therearemany valuable species frboth senc
and production among em, Many plants rowing in
Tjtstaare used for pharmaceutical purposes

Fenol a gens of about 170 species of flowering
plans in the family Apiaceae, mos growing in ai
“motes, Several species ol fer gow in Toja
‘ne species fea which ae o Va and Cena
Asaisaafctia (ele solo, Isa hesboceoos
perennial plat growing up to 2 m al wth stout
halon, somewhat suce tems with a diameter at
‘the base ofthe plant of 5-8 em. Asaf has cri
medial use, mos common à digestive ais
reputed to lessen flatulence and is often added o fen
‘reggplant distin sma quae. ao saldo be
Palplalincassof asma and bronchitic.

In total, fea s dstibued in about 18 000 ha
throughout Taian. Of these, the Fresty Agency
‘maintains 975 ha. takes lol tive aad had work
cute and harvest rl. ccoding 1 sets he
fist ear ares sited 1a single et when era
is grown rm sed. The second-year harvest gives no
soe than 203 eves. Fl ie ela eches 25 min
height Harvesting scariedoutbycutingthestemand
‘allen the excreted lcal juice en the scop The
ares fom one plant ast 3-4 wees, When a stm
isn, the plant withers leaving no seeds. Agency staf
and colector re constantly monitering the process
make sur that there are some plants ft forthe so
bank

In Titan, tadional medkine is based on plans
and us of medial pans ian ancient vation of
heindgenous communities that sapped thoughout
modem Tajkisan. The collection and use of medial
‘ans nt med to jt, but oneghbourng
counties as wel. Acaly, Titan ls primary à
producer of aw mater. For example, fela and
quoriceareequaryepatedtoRussatobeprocesed
‘there. Un very recent, ue o limited Knowledge
and demand and à lack of techndlogy, indigenous
‘communis have limited the practices to supporting
rom offen and que without pursing ay real
Pocesingand production.

À recent example of Bodicorery and application
of und Inowedge is the phamaceutial
product “Feb” invented and developed by
Dr Tojo Zuboydoa.

The invention res to a medicine inthe ld of
pharmacology and endocinology can be used for
‘he presenten and treatment of pre-diabetes, type 2
dabeesanddseasesinoling he asesina tact
and nens and doser systems The product
Centainsan agent with glucose lowering ec made
from hts, and contains fer gu res, oot andl
For the development ofthe pharmaceutical produ
reset hasbeen conducted o study the aw mute
base and al species offer frm al over Tja.
Research showed tit the most table type of ed
fox phormaceutal use Fe oafoei which rows
In hein ofthe town of Pene.

126. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

“Treatments based on he ue of medicinal plants
{san ancient tradition for Tajkisan thats stil
{nse nowadays. tthe same time daring the past
few decades Titan wos rated as are material
‘ase. For example fra or licorice was sent to
Rusia tobe procsed there With information
bein spread abou th Nagoya Protocol, interested
government bois, universities, research instatons
are now making efforts to change he situation
inthis fl, including y earch on GMP

[Good Manufacturing Practices standard
applied in pharmacology”

‘RTOIINSSOTBATDOVA, Had tte Dearest
lpn Pama ant fe
Stat atten Paracel Cee ofthe Kae
tied Sores

In June 2017, Dr Zubaydova was awarded à
go medal atthe Korea International Womens
Inventon Esposion or her Dose
ok that resulted in development of the
pharmaceutical product “Feb” a glucose:
Tomeringmeskine.

127. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

Badecovry actives contrbutetothelnplementaton
‘ofthe SDGs im Tapitan.y working with communes
‘on thee awareness of ABS principle, he project els
them collaborate and frm unions (5DG 16: Peace,
Juste and Seong lnsttons and S06 17: Pater
forthe Goal). Gen that both UNDP and GEF place à
parta emphasis on aceeaing gender eualty
thin the project scope, the project team prota
wok wih url women headed househlds (06 5:
Sender Equity) ne ute the project wl sve o

«omite te implementation of SOG 1: No Poverty
andSDG 9: Industry lmovaon and Inatuctue since
‘the government ms at securing à rly seam fr
Toja! research, agendes, companies or source
stakeolders, dough the retention of nella
‘oper indownteam commercial products though
‘onlyasmalprporionofbiacivesubstancesreachthe
sage of commeralproducion the creation of igh
vale, widely sl product, such asa pharmaceutical,
moy produce rica income steams

—

128. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

The Republic of Titan acceded to the Nagoya
Protocol by Decree Na 1312 in 202, ts expected
hat the implementation ofthe Nagoya Protea inthe
‘cout wl further Improve fod sect, sustainable
evelopment. and the consenation of biological
hrs and gente resource, À key pace ln the
ary ol legal acs in the sphere of region of
awl resource management and envionmental
cansenation belongs to he Law ofthe Republic of
Than “On Endronmental Conservation, which
as adopted in 201. This ws updated analy to
strengthen contol wth regard 1 the reservation and
use of bidhersy.Frthermere, national actions ae
lo guide by the Navona Stategy and Action Plan
‘on Preservation and Rational Ue of Boden of he
Republica Tita and bythe Implementation ofthe
La of the Republic of Tjkistan On Specal Protected
Morale”

The insttonl base for biodenity conservation
consists of insttutons and orgaz. working
on, suing and consening Bodherty and is
components namely the Commitee on Emironment
Protection, the National lodhersty and sl
Centre (NEEC), the Forestry Prductve Emerpre of
the Republic of aji (PERT) and the instutes
of the Academy of Sdence speclzn in biology,
‘botany and 008g The Ministry fr Natur Protection
(MP) provides coton and i responsible for
Implementing the CBO requirements, and develops
and implements state poles on nature conservation

and natural resources management. The main units
ofthe HNP re spec inspection Bods a well
3 resech institutions. Me NEC I In charge of
Ceexdnaing actes on oder cansenaton and
implemento ofthe CRD through the NBSAP. The
Tajik Academy o Agua Scenes a he Misty
agir workonthe conservation and sustainable
management of agicatual bodies. genetic
resource preseration and breeding of new aia
plants el asthe Improvement of existing aries
Lecalexecitiveadmiistaton uch as hula ae
the executive bodes that implement the CBO in eal
Communities and provideforendcnmental educa.

Toja as ett develop nationalen that wil
Incorporate fly the ABS principles under the Nagoya
Protocol The absence o legion a the moment #
rome tough the establishment of contacts.

“TohelptheGovemmentofojiitandealwahthse ses,
the UNDE.GEF pra callborts wth the autores
10 develop a Low on Acs to Genet Rescues and the
FolrandEqutabe Sharing of Benefits, but aso proves
ation per 1 the deriogment of nana
Can Howse Mechanism and National Reporting under
the Nogya Protocol of he UN Convention Biol
Dh Ms Morgan Usmanora ebm Leader,
Enstonment Energy and Disaster Rsk Management of
UNDR whe help alta he project implementation
intajisa.

129. MESSAGE FROM AN SDG ADVOCATE

Gene community governance structures are song
In Toja, bt there ste arnes ofthe Nagoya
Protocol among most ofthe governmental stakeholders
and communis inthe county. At the sae me, he
‘esting ystems regulations and procedures in place ©
!monitoreserchn,and accesso, genetcesouresand
‘ational knowledge ae adequate and fagmentd
‘Therefore, srong national and local structures are
needed o (late and improve cooperation and

The UNDP/GEF projet provides «platform for
information exchange and discusion between
government, industry indigenous communities
‘and research takcholders engaged inthe
exploration ofbiediversy The stakeholders
participating in the proj also have a unique
opportunity to explore the state of playin
discovery research in the Central Ata and
CIS region. These discussions facilitated by he
projet help the Government of Tajikistan o be
repars for taking arte decision regarding
{the posible eommereiliation of ABS products
within the content ofthe global framework”

MSHARGIZAKHON USMANOVA, NOP

‘exchangesin the context of ABS mplementaton These
structures needa be armoniz with the existing Law
on gene resources an the forthcoming legion
on ABS. The challenge der uses and providers of
genetic resources need 1 dea both wih communis
andvatuslevesof govermentthateimvolvedinthe
uthotation process concerning PIC and MAT ABS
procedures are improper designed ad implemente,
"ns canmake he roces rather long and cumbersome,

130. VIE

AITTIEHIN

A community enterprise develops and promotes
traditional knowledge-based herbal products
for bathing

131. AUTHORS
NGUYEN DANG TH

NGUYENTHI MINH THAM

DAO KHANH TUNG

132. SETTING THE SCENE

‘wing tos long history and specie geographial
locaton, which indus complicated topographic,
ecological and social features, Vit Nam one ofthe
most Dodwerse countries on the plane, Thousands
of years of prosperous cultural development and
agar pracicesby 5 ei groups have ech
‘the natonladtional knowedge (TK) about the use
of geneticesures spedly in radial medicine

ao Ca province located inthe mountains noth
western region of Vet Nam, with the Sapa dsc
eng in the wesen par of his province. The ten
of Sapa very complex, ih said high elevations
and fragmented lower levels The province includes
‘the Hodng Lin Son mountain ange, which a he
este extremo the Himalayas. Ms range includes
Veet Hams highest mountain, Fan SI Pan at a height of
3143 mabow eve

The forest in Sopa can be sedas belonging to
ee ypessub-montane dy evergreen forest apical
montane deciduous forest and subalpine forest
Annual the mountain experiences dy cold inate
from October to March, wth topical monsoons dura,
the any season, which last fom Ae o September
The graphe location and ecological fetes make
Ita unique place for many intersting plans, which
conte tte her natural mess plant
gene resource In VietNam. Among the many tic
oups residing inthe Lao Cal province ae he Hmong,
Doo, Kin, ay and Gay. Each group maintains volved
none onthe medicinal uses of plan. This makes
this province an attractive place fr boprospetng fr
the pharmaceutical dust.

133. Biodiscovery case

‘The bath medicine of the Red Doo etal grup ls
wel kon and has ben remarked upon Ly almost
al str to the Sapa dis ofthe Lao a province
Ati an odio of the Red Dao people to ue wid
‘plans for bathing These bath medicines const of
heal emedies made fm mures of various plans
calectedin mountains Te herb plants ar cooked
th water and then hey cn be used forsaking the
‘body in mena wate a 40 degrees ess for 15-30
minutes. An example af one ue for women to bathe
ith herbal plans sever das after deveria thir
‘babies. Tsp them recover ther head prevent
sense nthisway women canworkagin the fret
‘ot fel ely a week ater giving bith Bah meines.
ho sed or cren and ments used fer retro,
reg sore fet and pa, skincare ande treatment
ases such astheumatem, arts and headaches
‘The understanding of these practices and the deny
ofthe plans ha become valuable TK maintained by
‘generations of Red Dao families Normal the
‘women who collect and maintain the remedies and
‘he knowledge and transfer ther othe daughters
2006, Sapatäpr Company = a community enterprise
was established with the support of Hanoi Unversity
of Pharmacy (ALP) and the Cen for Research and
Development of Eno Medicinal Plans. (CREER,
to commercials traditional bathing medicines of
‘the Red Dao ethnic people. Their main products are
‘uth meines fo women afer pregnancy based
on TK of the Red Do ethnic rou. The Sapalapro
Company isa community private mode fr conserving
and developing medicinal plant genetic resources
and associated TK on bathing mein. I engages
the Red Do people themselves inthe protection of
thelr genetic resources and TK, though the sharing
of acre company benfts fom commerdalzed
‘products back 1 the Red Dao communities. These

benefits include monetary benefits o the holes of
(bo mé in Vietnamese), andthe company as pysthe
lets of medicinal plants acoding to the valve of
the pon peces collected In ation the company
contrate a proportón of company profs t the
comunal development fund for the community's
ou acts. The model cotabues both to
the improvement o the lal community's Ino
andto biodvesty consent.

Wah thee succes bath medkine, the case of
SapaNapro Company i à good example of an ABS
ke mechanism where the benefits of al invocó
stakeholders are taken nto account. For that reason,
SapaNapro Company and the Red Dao people in a
Phin ward, apa est, have Been chosen a he core
ofthe projets demonsation ates, with the am
10 produce anew panel produc or hi a proper
agreement wl e established between the TK holder,
gene rsourceprordes and the company

134. 4 EVEWITNESS STATEMENT

My Lao Lo à member ofthe Red Duo etic group
and director ofthe Spalapro company. He she son
‘of Mes y Mel Chay, ho a famous master the Re
Doo community nT Pin commune, Sap dst. He
tsa ypalyoung etic man wo hip hi community
Protect the herbal plans avalble in thee locality
and promote thelr uses, for example, 3 vodtonal
bathmedcns,

According Me Ly Lao Lo, the Red O20 people have
‘ben far wth bathing using leaves, Powers,
{oot 0r fr of plants fom the forest o protect
thelr heath for thousands of years. This ancestral
‘edge has been handed down for generations.
‘The bathing techniques combi various herbs that
‘haveaportcularinvenceonthe nerves resta
system, sin, muscles, bones its et He aed,

“The bathing remedies normaly we tens
af plant species and there ar even bathing
mmedicines hat ue mor than 100 herbal
species There are lo diferent processing
methods for each Kind of plant species,

for examples drid part or fe part

The Red Dao master make diferent mixes
cures for diferent symptoms and pais
Before, the Red De peopl only collecte herbs
{for theron private ss, They have now
participated inthe commercalzaion of many
products In recent years, he SapaNepro
company revenue has significantly increased,
which has helped improve the life standards
focal communities,

135. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by
the biodiscovery case

‘The aforementioned AS cas as sur contribute to
the implementation ofthe Sustainable Development
Goals ($069 It rc supports SOG 156, which
promotes far and equtable sharing ofthe benefits
ing from the utzaton of genetic resources, In
ths cs, acl communis, paru the Red Dao
‘ete people in Ta Phin disc, bene fom thie
medical parts and bathing remedies, wich ae used
by the Sapalapro Company. The community rate
partnership unde the SapaNapo Company, where el
prole ae both provide own) and user of genes
fesouees and associated TK 2 good example for
promoting equitable bene shaving and oder

In action, the local people ae shareholders of the
company; they cole and gow medica plats and
provide bathing remedies and materials fox Spataro,
‘Ths estes ethoods for cal communis. very
meaning for etc groups who used to be very
úpoorto now make hi Ives by collecting wood
nd ers and sling them. Three the peje
‘ontrbaesto 0G Yo poverty), SOG 2 Ze hunger)
nd SDG 8 (Decent workand economic rom.

Furhemore, the women fom the Red Do ethnic
group in para, ae the masters and repositones of
the techniques of bathing produc development. They
‘ay key roles inthe company ates. This hls ©
‘enhance thei poricatn a well as ther vies or
infencesinthecommuniy which contes 0506S
engender equal.

136. environment for ABS and the
Nagoya Protocol

Vet Mam set up the national ABS leg fame
under the Bloiversiy Law in 2008 however, the
implementation of the ABS requiement in the
dies Law ii is early stages After adoption
of he Nagoya protocol in 2014, Vet Nam has made
progres in rating an enabling enwronment for
research and development acts that lvoe the
ization of genetic resources oiginating within the
‘out The scheme 111/00-T for capac bling,
on ABS was adopted by Pme Miniter Nguyen Xuan
Phucin 2016 ints hey ras fus to enhance
(apa and increase awareness on ABS fr dire

target groups. Late, Decree 59 was enacted by the
Government on 12 May 217 with the am 1 regulate
alates elated o search and development using
gene resources, and actes to ante them out of
‘ecu

The UNOP.GEF ABS Projet (Capac Bulg forthe
action and implementation ef the Nagoya Protec
on Access and Benet Shang In it Nan) supported
the development ofthe leal framework on ABS, in
hich, the Decree 59 on ABS management vas sue.
I shoud be noted that TK associated wth genetic
resources has not been mentioned ful in the unt
Decree due othe lack ofits management experince
on the round Regardless the project is plating the
‘hate public community partnership on ABS inthe
Sapa asic, where an abundance of valued medkine
are plans and associated tadtoal knowledge. By
doing sa an understanding of TK management and
“perce on managing gene resource sustainable
zation ibe butup.

A famenot in ligament with international standards
of the Nagoya Protocol has been established. Ths
Includes equting PIC for accesso gene resources
and negotiating MAT between the hades of genetic
resources and potential user of these eses The
proces and procedure or te suce of an Access
License has also been defined To dt, a number of
applications for Aces License have been submited
to the National Competent Autores and ae Being
handed. Twenty decions allowing the transfer of
gene resouces out ofthe country have ben granted
Vo natonaresarch nsttutins.

138. BIODISCOVERY CASES

ALBANIA,
BELARUS

:

qa

139. Central &

Eastern Euro)
. ° oar} $ x

141. AUTHORS

ALBAN IBRALID
ANNI KOCIKALLEA

FREDERICPERRONAVELCH

142. SETTING THE SCENE

[ania is a small Medierrantan county in the
southeast pot of Europe, bordering the Ada
and ini Seas. Geographically, Albania asa suce
Of 28 748 km? and mas of Landscape const
‘of mountains and his that occupy 766% of the
estoy, The country compis a rh and complex
drogrphie network of tes lakes, wetlands and
underground waters Much of Albani s within the
Mederanean geographical rein, ibering a very
chongebie inate

Albania. The Global ABS Project in bana ao supports
Despite ts smal sz, Albania swell Known for high local communities ands aimed at strengthening ther
versity of ecosystems. and habitats The county rolealongproductvalechansandto protection
ls eamining the potent of genetic resources as knowkdgein communis for ni own benef
2 ste to expand the development and ade of
products deve rom medical and aromatic plans Albani ual ares ofr ars getaway experience,
and 10 contbute to economic growth and Improved. where many communis Ivig in and out of rational
Helhoods. Mis has been dene wah the valuable packs deve ti income fem agile, forest,
‘contribution ofthe UNDP-GEF Global AS Project which gazing and medial and aromatic pant colon.
‘supported a bodscoery-vented study of important The atest government agslip programme coed 100
genelresoures lags ams at establishing the fs sucesfl model

of integrated rua development in Albani, lowing
Ccremyin Uni ere aremanyspeiesandvarities the best European standard. AS this love Sas
it Ue, oe and grapes that have a high level to Nou, the role ofthe ABS projets Importar in
of adapabäly o apical ecoystems, with high providing a ar regulatory famework and enabling
ution alue and which are sultable for compeltve environment fr the development of parnerships
‘makes, parti for bo product. Te depend between provide: and users of genet resources,
resenceofmedinalandaromati plant ao suggest thereby ring ample opportunities for communis,
her seg portance ss à medkal and economic the government andthe phate eter ake.
resources forthe local population and as à sue of
Innovation leads or the pharmaceutical sector Lately the trade of medicinal and aromatic plants has

become of ret interest due os increased demand.
Furthermore, as part of the UNDP-GEF Global ABS ln markets. Ts à sector that Beefs some af he
Proec actives in Abani, a detailed plot database poorst communities inte county they aba mest
of crop wi relaves (CUR) has been established, of thi amigs by clleting and sling medical
hich contains information suchas the asco of and somatic plants 0 Intermeries and inthe lca
ens, specs, group of species famly name in Lain mates. The Sectors ley payers re also making
and Albanian, unique record number, phenology and important ets to find new business modes rough
threat status according 1 the IUCN rd Ist categories. Sustainable ciao and production tat conduce
The ventory ienties a total of 86 genera of CR nto igh Beefs and sustained economic roth,

143. Biodiscovery case

er ccm yr) a specs nate to Europe
and North America, à perennial subaru om the
‘arly Ecce, samy Vacio. According 10
‘germplasm documentation and to semi studies,
‘he Biber is widely used to improve night vision
and to decrease vascular permeability and caplay
agi moreover the Bry has various othe reputed
heal benefits, although most interest as been
focused on amhacyaninelated anidan ees
Anıbactrl compounds fom Vecirum mys may
‘hve important applications as nat antbacerl
agents. Furthermore, bey has antoxdant and
anticancer properties and protects against coronary
‘Scenes. bey ha also been reported to have nt
best and hypoglycaemic effects, which would rng
‘xopotective benefits, In Alana, babe hos been
‘ied in tail remedies a treatment or bats
and coronary diseases The Agi Univesity of
ana (AUT), among others, cure undertaking
research to ses and further develop the iedscovery
and product development potes o tes lads.

he harvest of biberry occurs between midi 10
‘the end of August and may extend ul beining of
‘Septemberin eet areas of Alan The production
nba in ft sues as dung the growth
‘ee ofthe plant. Researchers at AUT have sued
‘he expression ol favonci biosynthesis genes during
‘the development of bibesy fut in reli tothe
accumulation of anthocyanins, prantheeyanidns and
‘avons in wild bees and in bey colour mutans
‘The coments of anthocyanin, peantocynins and

ones in pening Dientes were anahsed with a
oh perfomance liquid chromatography: diode aay
eter and wee entied using a mas specromety
Interface by researchers of the Genetic and Plant
‘reding WG, Department of Plant Sciences and
Technology, AUT Based on quali testing of bibeny
samples romalferentstesofthe projec samples tom.
the north of Albania have very good potential et
Several conditions, incluia dabees and coronary
ese They an be used as fs, onen où died
hole rl o processes it ood supplements Wath
economic development and commercial use ol these
‘lable natural source, farmer In thee al aras
‘ould achieve beterstandardof ving

Access 1 information on the benefs, parties,
necessary commiments, investment and manager
needs 1 strengthen succesful business models must
be improved 10 ensure that interested members of
ode an ffectvely engage in the procs. Technical
stance ole podce organizations with potential
10 develop local ABS products must abo be improved
hen compeling opportunites have been ientied.

Since the clection and manipulation of medial
pans are considered Important processes forthe
evelopment of ommercal products, the conservation
of wid plants an, improved lvetbods of loa
communes they ar regulated by the Law No, 10120,
on the “ptecton of natural medina, ether land
‘afer plants:

144. EYEWITNESS STATEMENT

Albania became a party othe Nagoya Protocol,
but in order tobe fly effective, the NP should
into policy documents o

145. In fine focus: SDGs implemented by the biodiscovery case

‘The sl untapped blodiscowery potential Albanian
‘genetic resources in statege sectors such as the
aromatic and medial setos significant. As shown
by the bibeny biodscovery case Ihstated above,
‘esearcers at he Agua! Unversity of Trana and
barnes have undertaken ground beating work on
‘the characterization and study ofthe biochemical value
rom Trpoj biden and Kate ler. Further work
along ther production value han has ready increased
‘the commeral and export value fr loa, primary,
or processed products and forthe conemed local
‘communities y supporting such ongoing frs wile
aboestablshingadearandtansparentlegalfamework
o regulate ABS avis the UNDP-GEF Gobal ABS
Project in Alan contributes 1 aching Target 156
(506 15) wich i to promote the fir and equitable
Sharing ofthe beneisarsing fom the zen of
‘genetic resources and to face appropriate aces
to such resources Intemational agreed. Ts wll
foster local development and the empowerment of

Communities Induding access 1, ownership. and
Control over natural resources and appropriate new
tecnologies

Aion SOG reed achievements that re dey
‘supported by he bidscovery case in Abana Inu
Target 25 506 2) onthe preservation and ssanabe
management of agcutura costes incluia lot
and animal genet resources 3 well 3 associated
‘raiional_inowledge; and SOG 3, namely, by
úpromaling partnerships in RBD in the context of he EV
integration roces ncluingowardsthe development
of new drugs that can help combating epdemis,
negected and other communicable diseases. Fly,
À is worth mentoning the UNDP-GEF Gba ABS
Projects contribution SOG 17 Targets 179,174 and
17.15, which highlight the importance of intestinal
cooperation fr reviewing the legal framework and, as
necessary sector polices to make them ABS coherent
‘dung by prometi molt stakeholder partners

146. Legal and political enabling environment for ABS and the Nagoya Protocol

Albania adopted its fist aw addessng acess and
‘benefit sharing in 2006, aw No. 687 on bodies
Protection. The Blodwesty Protection Law contas
provicas on aces 1 mstu and exi gene
resources a ellas adora noue norton
and prcikes of local communes, but Abani
lacks the regutory mesures required to make the
provision operational

In accordance with national Law Na. 1132012
Albania acceded 16 the Nagoya Protocol on 29
January 2013, Albania vas awarded candidate stats
bythe European Union (E) in 2014, and must now
monies legislation with the, ous, the body of

corren rights and obgations thats binding 1o al
Members States.

‘Albania adopted the Seg Poy Document forthe
Protection of Blodvesty 2016, which incorporates
«ombritments to implement the acquit and the Nagoya
Protocol UNDP & eurent providing support for the
evelopment of à regulatory framework on ABS that
1 im conformity withthe Nagoya Protocol Regulacion
(EU) No 5112014 ofthe European Parlament and of
‘the Coi o 16 Api 201 on complance mesures
for uses, and European Commision implementing
Begin EU12015/18660ntheregiter lions,
monitoring use complace and best practices.