Unesco heritage of india ppt

unesco heritage sites of india
diffrent types of sites- cultural,mixed and natural
diffrent types and its explanation

1. HERITAGE SITES OF INDIA

2. UNESCO It is located in Paris, France. UNESCO was established on November 4th, 1946 as a specialized agency of the UN. Its 1st General Conference was held on November 19th, 1946 in Paris. India has 38 world heritage sites that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site.  UNESCO strives to encourage the conservation, identification, and maintenance of natural and cultural heritage around the world. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.

3. Natural Heritage Sites NATURAL HERITAGE SITE STATE YEAR OF NOTIFICATION Kaziranga National Park Assam 1985 Keoladeo Ghana National Park Rajasthan 1985 Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam 1985 Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers Uttarakhand 1988 Sundarbans National Park West Bengal 1987 Western Ghats Maharashtra,Goa,Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu 2012 Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh 2014

4. Cultural Heritage Sites Cultural site State Year of notification Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh 1983 Ellora Caves Maharashtra 1983 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra 1983 Agra fort Uttar Pradesh 1983 Sun temple konarak Orissa 1984 Group of monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu 1984 Khajuraho group of monuments Madhya Pradesh 1986 Group of monuments at Hampi Karnataka 1986 Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh 1986

5. Churches and convents of Goa Goa 1986 Group of monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka 1987 Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu 1987 Elephanta Caves Maharashtra 1987 Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh 1989 Qutb Minar and its Monuments Delhi 1993 Humayun’s Tomb Delhi 1993 Mountain Railways of India Tamil Nadu 1999 Maha bodhi temple complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar 2002 Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh 2003 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Maharashtra 2004

6. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Gujarat 2004 Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007 The Jantar Mantar Rajasthan 2010 Hill Forts of Rajasthan Rajasthan 2013 Rani -Ki-Van Gujarat 2014 Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara ( Nalanda University) Bihar 2016 The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement Chandigarh 2016 Historic City of Ahmedabad Gujarat 2017 Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai Maharashtra 2018 Jaipur City Rajasthan 2020

7. Mixed Heritage Sites This national park houses the third highest peak in the world – Mount Khangchendzonga. It also offers unique diversity in terms of landscape ranging from plains to valleys and glaciers. Meanwhile, a huge part of the park is composed of snow-capped mountains. Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim 2016

8. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Nanda Devi National Park boasts rugged and high-mountain wilderness and is dominated by India’s second-highest mountain-the peak of Nanda Devi. The Valley of Flowers, in contrast, flaunts aesthetically pleasing meadows of alpine flowers. This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and blue sheep.

9. Western Ghats Western Ghats consist of a chain of mountains running parallel to India’s Western Coast and passing from the states of Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. They also influence the Indian monsoon weather patterns that mediate the warm tropical climate of the region and act as a barrier to rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west.

10. Great Himalayan National Park The Great Himalayan National Park at Kullu , Himachal Pradesh, is characterized by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests. It also encloses glacial and snow meltwater sources of several rivers as well as the catchment area.

11. Keoladeo National Park This wetland is located in the state of Rajasthan and served as a duck shooting reserve till the end of 19th century. However, soon enough the hunting ceased and the area was declared a national park in 1982. Sundarbans National Park  The Sundarbans National Park, the largest estuarine mangrove forest in the world is a national park, tiger reserve, World Heritage Site and a biosphere reserve located in the Sundarbans Ganges river delta bordering the Bay of Bengal, in West Bengal. It is filled with mangrove forest and a giant reserve for Bengal tigers.

12. Kaziranga National Park It was first established as a reserved forest in 1908 to protect the dwindling numbers of rhinoceros  It underwent several transformations over the years, as The Kaziranga Game Sanctuary in 1916, renamed Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary in 1950, and declared a national park in 1974. It is the home of the world's most one-horned rhinos. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a biodiversity hotspot located in Assam. It is a part of Manas Tiger Reserve and sprawls alongside Manas river.  In 1907, it was declared a reserve forest, a sanctuary in 1928, and became a tiger reserve in 1973 as part of “Project Tiger” and a World Heritage Site in December 1985. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary 

13.  The Taj Mahal , one of the Seven Wonders of the World It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his third wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal who had died in 1631. It is a mausoleum and funerary mosque.

14. Sun Temple  it is built in the form of the chariot of Surya ( Arka ), the sun god with 24 wheels, and is heavily decorated with symbolic stone carvings and led by a team of six horses. It was built by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty in around AD 1250.

15. Hill Forts of Rajasthan This site includes six majestic forts situated in Chittorgarh , Kumbhalgarh , Sawai Madhopur , Jaisalmer , Jaipur and Jhalawar , all situated in the state of Rajasthan. These fortifications enclose urban centres , palaces, trading centres and temples, where various forms of art and culture flourished.

16. Churches and Convents of Goa These monuments were built by the Portuguese colonial rulers during the 16th and 18th centuries in Goa. The Basilica of Bom Jesus also houses the sacred tomb of St. Francis Xavier. These monuments are well known for spreading- Manueline , Mannerist and Baroque art in major parts of Asia.

17. The Architectural Work Of Le Corbusier  Chosen from the work of Le Corbusier, the 17 sites comprising this transnational serial property are spread over seven countries. Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier in Chandigarh, is home to numerous architectural projects of Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret , Matthew Nowicki and Albert Mayer.

18. Agra Fort (1983) 16 th -century Mughal monument It comprises the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal , built by Shah Jahan ; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas Fatehpur Sikri (1986) Built during the second half of the 16 th  century by Emperor Akbar, Fatehpur Sikri or ‘The City of Victory,’ also served as the capital of the Mughal empire for a short time period. It contains an array of monuments and temples, including one of the largest mosques in India- the Jama Masjid .

19. Elephanta Caves  This series of sculpted caves are located in Elephanta Island in India. There are two groups of caves on this site: one group consists of five Hindu caves and the other consists of two Buddhist caves Ajanta Caves  There are a total of 29 caves (all buddhist ) of which 25 were used as Viharas or residential caves while 4 were used as Chaitya or prayer halls. The paintings are generally themed around Buddhism – the life of Buddha and Jataka stories. Ellora Caves  this site is a blend of religious arts from the Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism practices The cave is home to 34 monasteries and temples that were sculpted into the rocks of the basalt cliffs

20. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus  The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a historic railway station in Mumbai, which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways. The station was designed during the late 19th century by architect Frederick William Stevens.  It features a Gothic architectural style and was named as a World Heritage Site in 2004. The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai  This is a collection of the Victorian Gothic buildings and Art Deco buildings. They are the Bombay High Court, Rajabai Clock Tower, Eros Cinema and the University of Mumbai

21. Khajuraho Group of Monuments These temples were built during the Chandella dynasty, which reached at its pinnacle between 950 and 1050.  There are a total of 85 temples built within this complex but only 22 survived belonging to two different religions namely-Hinduism and Jainism, including the famous Temple of Kandariya . Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi  You will find a variety of structures in the area including palaces, monasteries, temples and monolithic pillars. The site, however, has been conjectured to have been developed in the 3rd century BC, when Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire ruled. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka   These shelters are located within the foothills of Vindhya range, on the southern edge of the central Indian plateau. The paintings within these rock shelters are believed to date back to the Mesolithic period.

22. Group of Monuments at Hampi This site was the last capital of the kingdom of Vijaynagar . These Dravidian temples and palaces were built by rulers of Vijaynagar between the 14th and 16th centuries. The Virupaksha temple and several other monuments comprise this cultural heritage site. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal These are a remarkable combination of temples built by the Chalukya Dynasty in the 6th to the 8th century at Aihole , Badami and Pattadakal , the latter city was known as the “Crown Rubies”. This site is composed of nine Hindu temples and a Jain sanctuary

23. Humayun’s Tomb Built-in 1570, it has long-standing cultural significance because it was the first garden-tomb to be constructed in India. This tomb was the inspiration behind several architectural innovations including the Taj Mahal . Qutb Minar and its Monuments as two mosques including the Quwwatu’l -Islam, the olQutub Minar was built in red sandstone in the early 13th century, in Delhi. The tower is surrounded by various aesthetically-pleasing treasures, for instance- the Alai Darwaza built-in 1311 as well dest mosque in northern India. Red Fort Complex This was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad , the capital of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and is named after its immense walls of red sandstone. The Red Fort Complex in entirety, includes the Red Fort as well as Salimgarh fort built-in 1546 by Islam Shah Suri .  

24. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya  The first temple was built by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC (260 BC) around the Bodhi Tree Ficus religiosa It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples built entirely in brick and considered to be one of the four sacred sites associated with the life of Gautama Buddha. Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda   Considered to be the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent. Includes stupas , shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important artworks in stucco, stone and metal.

25. Jantar Mantar The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Maharaja (King) Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1734. It is modelled after the one that he had built at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five such facilities at different locations, including the ones at Delhi and Jaipur . Jaipur The fortified city of Jaipur , in India’s northwestern state of Rajasthan was founded in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II.a The streets feature continuous colonnaded businesses that intersect in the centre, creating large public squares called chaupars . Markets, stalls, residences and temples built along the main streets have uniform facades.

26. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park This cultural site was inscribed in 2004 as it holds a large collection of unexcavated archaeological properties within a prehistoric landscape The site is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city. Rani ki vav   Situated on the banks of Saraswati river, this stepwell was built as a memorial to a king. Stepwells are considered to be easily accessible underground water resources and storage systems, which have been constructed in the Indian subcontinent since the 3rd millennium B.C. Historic City of Ahmedabad It is a walled city in India, which was founded in the early 15th century by Ahmad Shah I of Gujarat Sultanate.

27. Mountain Railways of India This site includes three railways Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Kalka Shimla Railway Nilgiri Mountain Railway: This line, started in 1891 and completed till 1908, is a 46-km long metre -gauge single-track railway in Tamil Nadu.

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