Unidad I Conceptos Generales 2024.pdf.pptx

Introduccion a los conceptos generales de propedeutica clinica

1. Propedeutica CLINICA Dr. Kevin David Casarrubias Avila

2. Objetivos 1. Conocer los conceptos básicos de la propedéutica clínica a través del interrogatorio 2. Obtener conocimiento del individuo a través de la semiología medica 3. Ofrecer al individuo un diagnóstico temprano y oportuno

3. CONTENIDO DE LA UNIDAD CONCEPTOS DE PROPEDEUTICA ESTOMATOLOGICA

4. Bloque 01 “El primer acto de tratamiento es el acto de dar la mano al enfermo” Von Leyden

5. La adquisición de la práctica clínica es imprescindible para explorar el cuerpo humano, recoger los signos y síntomas de las enfermedades para poder llegar a un diagnóstico y emitir el resto de los juicios clínicos. Al adquirir los conocimientos básicos de abordaje y atención integral del paciente abarcando aparatos y sistemas, se establece la relación médicos-paciente durante el proceso de salud-enfermedad INTRODUCTION

6. Es el estudio de los conocimientos preliminares indispensables para abordar el aprendizaje en el área clínica. En ella se estudian como partes fundamentales o básicas la Semiología y la Sindromología. Conceptos Básicos

7. Semiología: Abarca el estudio de los signos y síntomas que apoyan una idea acerca del origen de la enfermedad. Sindromología: Tiene por objetivo el estudio de los síndromes. Síntomas: Son las manifestaciones visibles de la enfermedad. Cuando el síntoma es referido por el paciente y no por el médico reciben el nombre de Síntomas subjetivos, Ej. dolor de muelas. Por el contrario cuando es observado por el facultativo, recibe el nombre de Síntoma objetivo. Ej : hipertrofia gingival. Signos: El concepto de signo es de mayor comprensión y amplitud que el de síntoma, llevan en sí un análisis mental. Es por tanto, aquello que podemos ver y palpar. Ej. cifras elevadas de la presión arterial, tumoración en cara anterior del cuello.

8. – Subjetivos. • Mareos. • Calambres. • Decaimiento. – Objetivos. • Tercer molar retenido. • Edema. • Coloración amarilla de la esclera. – Generales. Expresan una alteración de todo el organismo. • Fiebre. • Hipotensión arterial. • Adelgazamiento. – Locales . Guarda una estrecha relación con el sitio de la enfermedad. • Sangramiento posextracción dentaria. • Edema de la mejilla. – Alejado. Son los que presentan sus manifestaciones clínicas en otros órganos, distantes al sitio donde radica la enfermedad. • Reflejos. • Tóxicos. • Hormonales. Clasificación de los síntomas

9. – Síntomas prodrómicos: aparecen precozmente en el inicio de las enfermedades y carecen de precisión. Por ejemplo: falta de fuerzas en las enfermedades neuromusculares, cefalea en el dengue. – Síntomas de aparición súbita: aquellos que se presentan de repente en forma de ictus, ataques, términos utilizados en neurología clínica. – Síntomas fluctuantes: como su término indica, son aquellos que sufren variaciones en su intensidad. – Síntomas intermitentes: cuando aparecen y desaparecen de forma alternante. Ej. fiebre intermitente, fiebre recurrente. – Enfermedades latentes: consideradas aquellas que cursan sin síntomas aparentes, conocidas como enfermedades latentes. Ej. la sífilis ( Lues ) latente. – Enfermedades enmascaradas: Bauer en su obra sobre diagnóstico diferencial plantea la importancia de estas para el diagnóstico diferencial.

10. Síndrome: Conjunto de síntomas y signos referidos por el paciente. Ej. síndrome diarreico. Diagnostico: Proceso en el que se identifica una enfermedad, afección o lesión por sus signos y síntomas. No obstante, antes de abordar el diagnóstico definitivo se deben elaborar los siguientes elementos. – De los síntomas y signos. – De los síndromes. – Anatómico. – Etiológico. – Capacidad funcional.

11. – Sindrómico. – Positivo. – Laboratorio. – Diferencial. Diagnóstico sindrómico. Basado en la agrupación lógica de los síntomas y signos relacionados con determinado sistema. Ej. tos. expectoración, fiebre, disnea (síndrome respiratorio). Diagnóstico positivo. Cuando el planteamiento sindrómico se corrobora con los paraclínicos indicados (análisis de laboratorio) Ej. el diagnóstico positivo de anemia perniciosa es fácil cuando. Tipos de Diagnostico

12. Diagnóstico de laboratorio. Educar al estudiante para hacer un uso racional de los paraclínicos que estén en estrecha concordancia con el diagnóstico sindrómico. Diagnóstico diferencial. Requiere una observación y examen físico minucioso del enfermo, conocimientos, experiencia y perspicacia.

13. a) Ignorancia. b) Exploración insuficiente por causa de: – Malos hábitos clínicos. – Malas posibilidades. – Pacientes inadecuados. – Mala técnica. – Falta de tiempo. c) Errores de juicio: – Deficiencias en el pensamiento constructivo. – Terquedad al imponer el criterio propio. – Opinión prejuzgada. – Vanidad y superficialidad. – Conclusiones ilógicas. – Carácter tímido. – Esfuerzo en conseguir un diagnóstico “especialmente interesante”. Factores que pueden provocar un diagnóstico erróneo

14. Salud: Según la OMS corresponde al estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social de un individuo, y no solamente a la ausencia de enfermedades o invalidez. Saludable: Sano, que sirve para conservar o establecer la salud. Enfermedad: Epidemiologia: Etiología: Patogenia: Salud y Enfermedad

15. You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here OUR CENTER KEY NUMBERS PATIENT CARE ACHIEVEMENTS 01 02 03 04 TABLE OF CONTENTS

16. Do you know what helps you make your point clear? Lists like this one: They’re simple You can organize your ideas clearly You’ll never forget to buy milk! And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of your presentation OUR CENTER

17. Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even hotter than Mercury—and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon. Mercury was named after a Roman god MISSION VISION

18. — SOMEONE FAMOUS “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.”

19. 50,000 20,000 This is the number of patients we had last month This is the number of total visitors we had last month 5,000 This is the number of transplants performed so far KEY NUMBERS MARS VENUS SATURN

20. OUR STATISTICS Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here MARS 95% Mars is actually a very cold place VENUS 65% It’s the second planet from the Sun SATURN 30% Saturn is a gas giant with rings 2XXX 2XXX 2XXX

21. MERCURY It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust A BRIEF STORY VENUS MARS

22. MILESTONES REACHED SATURN Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings 2XXX VENUS Venus is the second planet from the Sun 2XXX MARS Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 2XXX JUPITER It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System 2XXX

23. AWESOME WORDS

24. OUR PROCESS Venus is the second planet from the Sun VENUS 01 Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings MARS SATURN It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System JUPITER 02 03 04

25. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS

26. MERCURY It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust PATIENT CARE VENUS MARS

27. Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust AREAS WE COVER It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System MARS MERCURY Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun VENUS Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System JUPITER

28. JUPITER Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System Saturn is the second-largest planet in the whole Solar System Neptune is the fourth-largest planet in the whole Solar System SATURN NEPTUNE MERCURY Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all Venus has a beautiful name, but also extremely high temperatures Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust VENUS MARS SERVICES

29. You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here 2XXX You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here You can list your accomplishments here 2XXX KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS

30. 100 % of customers are satisfied with the services of the health center

31. This is a map MARS Mars is actually a very cold place EARTH Earth is the planet where we all live MERCURY It’s the closest planet to the Sun

32. MARS Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Earth is the beautiful planet where we all live EARTH JUPITER It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System Mercury is the smallest planet of them all MERCURY INNOVATIONS

33. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURES SCHEDULE SUPPLIES STAFF MARS From 9:00 to 6:00 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Jupiter is the biggest planet MERCURY From 6:00 to 8:00 Saturn is composed of hydrogen Neptune is a very cold ice giant EARTH From 8:00 to 4:00 The Sun is the star that we all orbit Mars is actually a very cold place

34. TESTIMONIALS Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one JOHN JAMES, 16 Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun JENNA DOE, 35

35. Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text. Your audience will appreciate it A PICTURE ALWAYS REINFORCES THE CONCEPT

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37. AWARDS SATURN Saturn is the ringed planet. It’s composed mostly of hydrogen Venus has a beautiful name, but also extremely high temperatures Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust VENUS MARS

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