Unification Of Germany And Italy

1. Unification of
Germany and Italy

2. Unification of Italy

3. •1848 uprising - not
successful for Italy. Still
not a “nation”
•Austria controlled large
part of the northern
territory
•Rest of the penninsula
was small kingdoms - it
was here conservatives
met their match

4. •One of the kingdoms,
Piedmont, ruled by King
Victor Emmanuel II.
•In 1852 he chose
Camillo di Cavour as his
prime minister
•Cavour set our to free
Italian territory from
Austrian control and
uniting the penninsula

5. •Cavour joined European
Emperor of France -
Napoleon III - in a
military alliance

6. •1859 Armies of France and Piedmont went to
war against Austria
•They won!
•See the blue territories?
•In exchange for France’s help Italy let France
take the regions of Nice and Savoy

7. •Meanwhile Austria
supported the gov’ts of
several northern states
•Here the people were
inspired by Piedmont’s
success so they
deposed- overthrew-
their Austrian backed
rulers and joined their
states with Piedmont

8. •Cavour’s careful
planning had
worked - Italy was
now a nation under
King Victor
Emmanuel II

9. A Moment
- Emperor Louis-Napoleon twice tried
to rule France.
- In 1836 he attempted it but was
exiled to England
- his second attempt, 1840, led to a
sentence of life in prison - he escaped
6 years later - went back to England

10. A Moment
- Returned to France, again, during 1848 revolt and
was elected President.
- 1851, knowing he could not be elected President
again according to Fr. constitution, he instituted a
military coup d e’tat and declared new constitution
-
- he ruled as Emperor 1851-1870 when he was
taken prisoner in Franco-Prussian war - he
escaped to England, again, where he died 1873
-Franco-Prussian war explains France’s desire
for revenge against Germany
“I’m so
proud”

11. Unification of Italy
•Victor Emmanuel
and Cavour had united
most of northern Italy.
In the south,
Giuseppe Garibaldi
was building
support for a single
Italy

12. Unification of Italy
He is a strong
nationalist.
But unlike Cavour,
he didn’t want a
monarchy. He
wanted a republic.

13. Unification of Italy
1860, Garibaldi pulled together a volunteer army of
1,000 patriots
They wore red shirts as a uniform
Know as the red shirts

14. Unification of Italy
They helped a revolt on Sicily
Quickly controlled the two kingdoms
Giribaldi turned it over to Victor Emmanuel.
In exchange Emmanuel agreed to a constitutional
monarchy

15. Unification of Italy
Regions of Venetia
and Papal States
still not part of
Italy
Austria gave up
Venetia in 1866
after they lost the
Austro-Prussia
war (Italy was an
ally of Prussia
during that war)

16. Unification of Italy
Italian forces invaded
Papal States in 1870
French Emperor
Napoleon III defended
the states!
But he had to remove
his troops to fight
Prussia in the Franco-
Prussian war
citizens of Papal States
voted to join Italy

17. Unification of Italy
Create a concept map of how Italy became a nation
Label the large center circle “Unifying Italy”
Then, with a partner, draw smaller circles for
different steps in the process
Be sure to include details!

18. Unification of Italy
Create a concept map of how Italy became a nation
Label the large center circle “Unifying Italy”
•Cavour joined Nap III against Austria
•Northern Italian nationalist joined with
Piedmont
•Garibaldi and Red Shirts liberated Sicily
•Italy formed a constitutional monarchy
•Venice and Papal States joined the rest of
Italy

19. Germany

20. Unification of Germany
Nationalism is sweeping Europe
but Germany is still 39 separate states ruled
by princes, dukes, and petty kings

21. Unification of Germany
•After the Congress of Vienna,
unification of Germany began with
economic reform
•Tariffs on goods moving from state to
state
•Junkers - aristocratic land owners
complained about the tariffs.

22. Unification of Germany
•Junkers + tadespeople, financiers, etc.
call for Zollverein (pre European
union) this is a customs union

23. Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismark was an aristocratic
Prussian with no romantic views for a
German national state or any wish for a
democratic gov’t
Reapoltik - poltics based on
practical or material matters
rather than theory or ethics
I agree!

24. Unification of Germany

Prince Otto Edward Leopold von
Bismarck was the mastermind of
German Unification and was the
first chancellor of the united
nation.

25. Unification of Germany

1862
•As minister president of Prussia Prince
Bismarck immediately worked to create a
German empire (reich) dominated by
Prussia.
• While other Germans dreamed of a
national state, Bismarck quickly
modernized the Prussian army with a
well-trained high command, the latest
weapons, and the best railways in
Europe.

26. Unification of Germany

1862
•Using the weakest of excuses he took
over several German states and through
inimidation forced rest of Germany to
accept Prussian rule.
1871
•Bismark declared German empire
under his leadership

27. Unification of
Germany

1871
•The new unified German
nation, instead of being a
democratic state, was
ruled by a Prussian
emperor, a Prussian
military, and above all, a
Prussian named Bismark.

28. Unification of
Germany

Quickly became a
national state
whose military
power could
quickly crush
any rebellion
and force its will
on any weaker
neighboring
states
Which it did

29. Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
1870-1871
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War was
a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia
was backed by the North German Confederation, of
which it was a member, and the South German states
of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria.
N German
Confederation

30. The cause of the Franco-
Prussian War?
The conflict was a culmination of years of tension
between the two powers, which finally came to a
head over the issue of a Hohenzollern candidate
for the vacant Spanish throne.
The public release of the Ems Dispatch, which
played up alleged insults between the Prussian
king and the French ambassador, inflamed public
opinion on both sides. France mobilized, and on 19
July declared war on Prussia only, but the other
German states quickly joined on Prussia's side
I set
Napoleon
III
up!

31. The events of the Franco-
Prussian War
The superiority of
the Prussian and
German forces was
soon evident, due in
part to efficient use
of railways and
impressively
superior Krupp
steel artillery.

32. The events of the Franco-
Prussian War
Over a five-month campaign, the
German armies defeated the
newly recruited French armies in
a series of battles fought across
northern France.
Following a prolonged siege,
Paris fell in 1871.
The siege is also notable due to
the fact that it saw the first use of
anti-aircraft artillery, a Krupp
piece built specifically to shoot
down the hot air balloons being
used by the French as couriers.

33. The events of the Franco-
Prussian War
Ten days earlier, the German states had proclaimed their
union under the Prussian King, uniting Germany as a nation-
state, the German Empire. The final peace Treaty of Frankfurt
was signed 10 May 1871

34. Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
1870-1871
Results of the Prussian/German victory:
1. the final unification of the German Empire
under King William I of Prussia.

35. Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
1870-1871
Results of the Prussian/German victory:
2. It marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end
of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by
the Third Republic.

36. Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
1870-1871
Results of the Prussian/German victory:
3. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of
Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of
Germany, which it would retain until the end of W W I.

37. Under the readings of
German Unification
Under the subheading “Building German Power at
Home” each paragraph has a different topic
Draw four columns on paper. Neatly label each
column with topic of the paragraphs.
List additional information about each topic in the
correct column.
Then switch with a partner and gather additional
infomation you might have missed.