unit-1- 2 - challenges. waste management subject it is environmental sciences

Recycling programs: Implementing programs for recycling old computers, printers, and other electronic devices.
Cloud computing: Reducing the need for physical hardware by using cloud-based services, which can be more energy-efficient.
Double-sided printing: Using printers set to print on both sides of the paper to reduce paper waste.
E-waste disposal: Properly disposing of electronic waste to prevent harmful materials from contaminating the environment.
Virtualization: Running multiple virtual machines on a single physical server to optimize resource use and reduce energy consumption.
Low-power processors: Using processors designed to consume less power while still providing adequate performance.

1. WASTE MANAGEMENT unit-1 Course Code: 19AEU02I Google Class Code: 7v19v52 Prevailing scenario in EH- HR-2

2. ATTENDANCE

3. SnapTalk

4. TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED challenges and work opportunities in the district, city and state in India. Demonstration: vermicompost preparation

5. challenges India faces massive waste management challenges with rapid urbanisation,generating 62 million tons of municipal solid waste per annum . only 43 million tons(MT)of the waste is collected,11.9MT is treated and 31 MT is duped in landfill sites (government sources). Solid waste management (SWM)is one of the basic essential services to keep urban centres clean. Solid waste deposited haphazardly makes for a flawed system of waste disposal and management.

6. The health perspective Urban and peri-urban areas are characterized by poor sanitation conditions, indiscriminate dumping of wastes and open urination and defecation. These areas pollution and overcrowding create significant vulnerabilities for the overall urban population , particularly the poor Impact of poor sanitation and waste management: environmental impact : polution of land and w ater resources. visual impact: litter and bad odours .

7. The health perspective(Contd ..) Inadequate sanitation, allows for sewage or waste to flow directly into streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands, affecting coastal and marine ecosystems,fouling the environment and exposing millions of young people to disease .

8. The health perspective(Contd..) Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidrary (illness) and mortality( death) in developing countries, especcially among children below five years. Climate can affect disease transmission in a variety of ways.

9. The health perspective(Contd..) Human excreta have been implicated in the transmission of many infectious disease including cholera, typhoid, infectious hepatitis, polio, cryptosporidiosis and asciriasis . The distribution and population size of disease vectors can be heavily affected by local climate.

10. For Better Environmental Hygiene To promote better methods of environmental hygiene, sanitation and waste management, a number of international and national organisations have come together to observe specific days. World toilet day 19 th november . Global hand-washing day 15 th october . Menstrual hygiene day 28 th may.

11. Work opportunities in environmental hygiene, sanitation and waste management The fields of environmental health,sanitation and solid waste management are rife with opportunities . work opportunities are available at every level for commited and passionate people. Opportunities can be sought in a variety of enterprises including community management, recycling,and waste management . Today , waste is also available in volumes large enough to archieve the economy of scale,thus making waste management profitable.

12. Contd.. The attention on sanitation and hygiene is subject to diverse political dispensation at various levels. In order to priortize sanitation at all levels of governance, the S wachh Bharat Mission is taking steps to make the journey competitive and progressive, with a fixed deadline in sight.

13. Contd.. Leaders are required to various levels, from ward to city. They are huge opportunities to work with the over 4500 ULBs (Urban Local Bodies) with Swachh Bharat Mission and Swachh Survekshan,besides other agencies.

14. Contd.. There is a vast scope for innovative approaches in the field. Scientific and technological advancs have made it easier to deal it with waste than before. Self employment opportunities are plenty. Creativity and job-satisfaction are all assured in the fields of environmental hygiene, sanitation and waste management.

15. Contd.. Talented and capable individuals are working in the field of environmental hygiene,sanitation and waste management .

16. Contd.. There are some stark examples of business houses which lok at their waste as an opportunity to recover material and at waste disposal as their social responsibility. Nevertheless, industries all over the world are waking up to the business opportunities in transforming waste to wealth.

17. Vermicomposting Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched compost with the use of earthworms . It is one of the easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to produce quality compost. Earthworms consume biomass and excrete it in digested form called worm casts. Worm casts are popularly called as Black gold. The casts are rich in nutrients, growth promoting substances, beneficial soil micro flora and having properties of inhibiting pathogenic microbes .

18. Contd.. Vermicompost is stable, fine granular organic manure, which enriches soil quality by improving its physicochemical and biological properties. It is highly useful in raising seedlings and for crop production. Vermicompost is becoming popular as a major component of organic farming system.

19. Vermicompost

20. Vermicompost

21. Next session Culture of cleanliness ( Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ), Role of habits and attitudes in Environmental hygiene management, waste and wastewater disposal