Unit-1 Introduction to E-Governament and E-Governance.pptx

Introduction to E-Governament and E-Governanace

1. CSC364 Lecture by Chaturbhuj Bhatt [email protected]

2. Course Detail : Unit 1 : Introduction to E-Government and E-Governance (5 Hrs.)   Difference between E-Government and E-Governance; E-Government as Information System; Benefits of E-Government; E-Government Life Cycle; Online Service Delivery and Electronic Service Delivery; Evolution, Scope and Content of E-Governance; Present Global Trends of Growth in E-Governance 2

3. Unit 2: Models of E-Governance (10 Hrs.) Introduction; Model of Digital Governance: Broadcasting / Wider Dissemination Model, Critical Flow Model, Comparative Analysis Model, Mobilization and Lobbying Model, Interactive – Service Model / Government-to-Citizen-to-Government Model (G2C2G); Evolution in E-Governance and Maturity Models: Five Maturity Levels; Characteristics of Maturity Levels; Towards Good Governance through E-Governance Models 3

4. Unit 3: E-Government Infrastructure Development (10 Hrs.)   Network Infrastructure; Computing Infrastructure; Data centers; E-Government Architecture; Interoperability Framework; Cloud Governance; E-readiness; Data System Infrastructure; Legal Infrastructural Preparedness; Institutional Infrastructural Preparedness; Human Infrastructural Preparedness; Technological Infrastructural Preparedness 4

5. Unit 4: Security for e-Government(5 Hrs.)   Challenges and Approach of E-government Security; Security Management Model; E-Government Security Architecture; Security Standards 5

6. Unit 5: Applications of Data Warehousing and Data Mining in Government (5 Hrs.) Introduction; National Data Warehouses: Census Data, Prices of Essential Commodities; Other Areas for Data Warehousing and Data Mining: Agriculture, Rural Development, Health, Planning, Education, Commerce and Trade, Other Sectors 6

7. Unit 6: Case Studies (10 Hrs.) E-Government Initiatives in Nepal, Cyber Laws, Implementation in the Land Reform, Human Resource Management Software, NICNET, Collectorate , Computer-aided Administration of Registration Department (CARD), Smart Nagarpalika , National Reservoir Level and Capacity Monitoring System, Computerization in Andra Pradesh, Ekal Seva Kendra, Sachivalaya Vahini , Bhoomi , IT in Judiciary, E- Khazana , DGFT, PRAJA, E- Seva , E- Panchyat , General Information Services of National Informatics, Centre E-Governance initiative in USA, E-Governance in China, E-Governance in Brazil and Sri Lanka 7

8. Unit 1 Introduction to E-Government and E-Governance 8

9. E-Governance overview E-governance which stands for Electronic governance is the implementation of information and Communication Technology for providing government services and exchange of information. E-government is a process of transforming government; it requires planning, political will and a sustained dedication of resources. 9

10. Cont… E-government is the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) to transform the traditional government by making it accessible, transparent, effective and accountable. E-government does not mean putting more computers on the government officers desks. It establishes a relationship between government officials and citizens, providing greater access to government information and services by making the government accessible online; promoting citizen participation by enabling citizens to interact more conveniently with government officials. 10

11. What is E-government? It refers to the implementation of information and communication technology like the internet. With the use of technology, it improves the government activities and processes. E- government is embedded in combinations of political conditions as well as cultural, technological and organizational changes designed to support and drive a profound transformation in government units. Generally, the e-government concepts brings four domains: 11

12. Cont.. E-Administration:- improving government processes by using ICTs and government process management. No paperwork, each and every process need to be done via the use of ICT. E-Government services:- Delivering government services electronically to citizens, businesses, and government employees. Example- application for citizenship through the online system. E-Democracy:- Improving transparency and democratic decision making, as well as citizen’s participation in public decisions. Example- E-voting. E-Governance:- It is a development, deployment and enforcement of the policies, laws, and regulations necessary for developing cooperation, networking and partnerships between government units, citizens and the business. Citizen will get government services using technology. 12

13. Benefits of E-Government Better provision of government services Improved interaction with different groups and citizen Citizen empowerment through access to information Efficient government management Easy implementation of Right to information It is a two-way process government to citizen and vice-versa. 13

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15. What is E-Governance? It is a part of e-government. E-governance is dealing with all regulations and policies to control the services provided by the e-government. E-governance is a form of e-business in governance comprising of processes and structures involved in deliverance of electronic services to the public, viz. citizens. It also involves collaborating with business partners of the government by conducting electronic transactions with them. Besides, it entails enabling the general public to interact with the government, through electronic means, for getting the desired services. However, the e-government is an electronic government, which should be regulated by the e-Governance. E-governance refers to the utilization of information and communication technology(ICT) for providing government services, disseminating information, communication operation with the general public. 15

16. Cont.. Various manifestations of e-governance initiative will be in terms of the government delivering services to citizens of transacting business, offering general information, or conducting interactions with the general public and business using such IT tools as: E-mail Internet web sites publishing (including online interactive transaction) WAP application and publishing SMS connectivity Intranet development and usage Promotion of citizen access. 16

17. Cont.. The aim, ultimately, is to simplify and improve governance and enable people's participation in governance through mail, and Internet.  E-governance is much more than just preparing some websites. It ranges from the use of Internet for the dissemination of plain web based information at its simplest level to services and online transactions on the one hand and utilizing IT in the democratic process itself, i.e. election on the other. 17

18. Benefits of E-Governance Information delivery is greatly simplified for citizens and businesses. It gives varied departments information to the public and helps in decision making. It ensures citizen participation at all levels of governance. It leads to automated services so that all works of public welfare is available to all citizens. It revolutionizes the functions of all government and ensures transparency. Each department and its actions is closely monitored. Public can get their work smartly done and save their time. It provides better services to citizens and brings government close to public. Public can be in touch with the government agency. It cuts middlemen. 18

19. Benefits of e-governance Improve delivery of service to citizen. Improve interface with business and industries. Empower citizen through access to knowledge and information. Make the working of government more efficient and effective. Greater convenience. Smoother flow of information More collaboration with other agencies Online access to information Revenue growth and cost reduction Availabilities of government 24 hrs/ 7 days. Online application submission and processing. 19

20. The key difference between E-government and E-Governance E-government is a system whereas e-Governance is functionality. E-government means the application of ICT in government operations, as a tools to make better government. E- governance, on the other hand, implies the use of ICT in transforming and supporting functions and structures of the system. It is one-way protocol but e-governance is a two-way protocol(government to citizen and vice versa). E-governance is the part of e-government. E-governance never comes alone. 20

21. Why E-Governance? The fundamental motivation for the campaign of e-governance in India and elsewhere is a slogan-to provide SMART government--" SMART " being an acronym for Simple , Moral , Accountable , Responsive and Transparent Government. Thus we may conceive a Smart Village or Smart Municipality or a Smart State, all very difficult, but ideal models. Not with standing the difficulties involved in achieving this, a clear objective of e-governance can be cutting the cost of governance and also minimizing the complexities of procedures by possible business process reengineering. 21

22. Cont.. Eliminating the middleman or between the government and the people. For example, by doing so, property tax assessment and collection system can reduce the element of corruption in the system apart from increasing consumer convenience. The online system based on Internet will reduce contact with mediating officials, thereby reducing the possibility of illegal. The objectives of achieving such e-governance go far beyond simple computerization of stand-alone back office operations in government offices. 22

23. Cont.. It should mean a drastic change in the way the government operates, and this means a new and redefined set of responsibilities for the executive, legislative and the judiciary. This requires bringing about a social purification, which needs to be done in a comprehensive, coordinated and planned manner. 23

24. Different Types of E-governance The various types of e-governance includes: G2G(Government to Government) G2C(Government to Citizen) G2B(Government to Business) G2E(Government to Employee) 24

25. Cont.. G2C (Government to Citizens) — Interaction between the government and the citizens. This enables citizens to benefit from the efficient delivery of a large range of public services. Expands the accessibility and availability of government services and also improves the quality of services The primary aim is to make the government citizen-friendly. G2B (Government to Business): It enables the business community to interact with the government by using e-governance tools. The objective is to cut red- tapism which will save time and reduce operational costs. This will also create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. The G2B initiatives help in services such as licensing, procurement, permits and revenue collection. 25

26. Cont.. G2G (Government to Government) Enables seamless interaction between various government entities. This kind of interaction can be between various departments and agencies within government or between two governments like the union and state governments or between state governments. The primary aim is to increase efficiency, performance and output. Read about government to government initiatives in the linked article. G2E (Government to Employees) This kind of interaction is between the government and its employees. ICT tools help in making these interactions fast and efficient and thus increases the satisfaction levels of employees. 26

27. Strategic Objectives of e-Governance: The strategic objective of e-governance is to support and simplify governance for all parties - government, citizens, businesses and its employees. The use of ICTs can connect all three parties and support processes and activities. There may be two major objectives of e-governance: Service to the Public : This objective of e-government is to satisfactorily fulfill the public’s needs and expectations on the front-office side, by simplifying their interaction with various online services. The use of ICTs in government operations facilitates speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective interaction with the public, citizens, business and other agencies. 27

28. Cont.. Efficient Government : In the back-office, the objective of e-government in government operations is to facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities. Significant cost savings (per transaction) in government operations can be the result. For implementing these strategies into reality, government must be subjected to transformation. 28

29. E-government as Information Technology Electronics governance is the application of information technology by government to transform itself and its interactions with customer, citizen in order to create impact on the society. Information Technology strongly transforms the relations with citizens, business and other functions of government. The advent of IT has transformed the way people live, communicate and work. It has been seen that the advantage of Information and communication Technology(ICT) for improving their business, the government is lagging behind in terms of offering services to the people. 29

30. Cont.. The typical features like bureaucracy and unwillingness to change the public domain have caused much criticism regarding the government services. It has come to the notice of public organizations which are seeking ways for improving the efficiency for rendering better services to their citizen. The governments have started utilizing the potential of technology as a credible solution for delivering online information and services as it facilitates people to access public services sitting their homes or offices. In order to take the advantages of e-governance, a rapid transformation is required in terms of technological changes, management issues and also financial aspects. 30

31. E-government system as information systems: structural view 31

32. E-government system as information systems: process view 32

33. E-govt. V.S Traditional Governance 33

34. Traditional government & E-government Traditional government E-government Bureaucratic controls, clear authority hierarchy Process centricity Isolated administrative functions and data collection Functional specialization of units or geographic bias. Decision based on uniform rules and awkward reporting approvals Isolated administrative functions Disjointed information technologies Time consuming process Client service and community empowerment, leveled/blurred hierarchy Customer centricity Integrated resource service and knowledge focus Breakdown of unit barrier, government integration Decision based on negotiation and implicit controls and approvals Integrated resource services Integrated network solutions Rapid streamlined responses 34

35. Digital Divide The term digital divide is used to refers to a gap in technology use between two groups. The two groups can be divided along economic, racial, age or even gender lines. The divide within countries may refers to inequalities between individuals, households, businesses or geographic areas, usually at different socioeconomic levels or other demographic categories. The divide between differing countries or regions of the world is referred to as the global digital divide, examining this technological gap between developing and developed countries on an international scale. 35

36. For example, a school where every student has laptop or tablet versus a school with no computer. 36

37. Challenges to e-government Implementation of e-government can face a number of challenges. The following have to be addressed on a whole-of-government basis in order to be overcome : Legislative barriers:- e-government processes must have the same standing as paper-based processes. Financial barriers:- funding arrangements should account for the agencies working together on e-government projects Technology change:- adoption of whole-of-government standards, software integration and middleware technologies Digital divide:- large difference in the level of access to the internet and therefore ability to benefit from e-government 37

38. The e-government systems development life cycle 38

39. Cont.. 1.Project assessment : Identifying possible e-government projects; outlining basic project parameters; and assessing whether or not to proceed with the project. 2.Analysis of current reality : Description and analysis of the seven ITPOSMO( Information , Technology , Process , Objective and values , Staffing and skills, Management system and structures , Other resources: money and time ) dimensions as they exist within the current situation of the organization. 39

40. Cont.. 3.Design of the proposed new situation : Setting objectives for the proposed new e-government system, and then describing in general terms how the seven ITPOSMO dimensions should be different for the new system to meet these objectives. Different options for the new system may be evaluated at this point. 4.System construction : Acquiring any new technology; undertaking detailed design of the new system; then building it, testing it and documenting it. 40

41. Cont.. 5.Implementation and beyond : Training users to use the new system; converting data to new formats; introducing the new system; monitoring and evaluating its performance and context; then undertaking any necessary system maintenance. 41

42. What is Online service delivery ? An online service refers to any information and services provided over the internet. These services not only allow subscribers to communicate with each other, but they also provide unlimited access to information. Online services can range from simple to complex. A basic online service may help subscribers gain needed data through a search engine, while complex one might be an online mortgage application from bank. Online service may be free or paid. 42

43. What is Electronic Services Delivery ? Electronic services delivery(ESD) refers to providing government services through the internet or other electronic means. It related to e- services and e- government. It is a driver of public sector modernization. For example as considered to public e-service, public agencies are the service provider and citizens as well as businesses are the service receiver. Internet is the main channel of e- service delivery while other classic channels(e.g. telephone, call center mobile phone, television) are considered. 43

44. History: Evolution of E-governance 44

45. History: Evolution of E-governance 45

46. Issue: E-governance 46

47. Present Trend of Uses of E-governance 47

48. Scope: E-governance 48

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50. E-governance usages ranking 2013 The Waseda University Institute of e-Government release the 2013 Waseda University International e-Government Ranking. This is the ninth consecutive year of monitoring and surveying the development of e-Government worldwide (55 countries) by the research team of Prof. Dr. Toshio Obi, Director of Institute of e-Government, Waseda University. 50

51. E-governance usages ranking 2018 51

52. THANK YOU 52