Unit 1 st amm hydroxide, sodium hydroxide

hydroxide, sodium hydroxide

1. STRONG AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
& SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Mr. Ajay Kumar Dubey, Assistant Professor, Institute of Pharmacy
Subject-Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I (DP102T)
[email protected]
Dr. ManjuPandey, Director, Institute of Pharmacy
[email protected]
ShriRamswaroopMemorial University, Barabanki-225003

2. Strong Ammonium Hydroxide
M.F-HN
4OH M.W-35.046
Syn: Ammonia solution, ammonium hydroxide, strong
ammonium water, liquor ammoniae
Ammoniumhydroxide(NH
4OH)isanammoniasolution
ofwater.Commonlyreferredtoasammoniaorammonia
gas,thecompoundisusedasacleanerandinthe
manufacturingofplastics,rubber,fertilizersandtextiles.

3. Method of Preparation:
By mixing ammonium chloride with slaked lime
NH
4Cl + Ca(OH)
2 NH
4OH + CaCl
2
By mixing of Ammonia gas with water.
NH
3+ H
2O NH
4OH

4. Properties :-
a)Physical Properties:
Clear colorless liquid
Pungent odour
Characteristic taste
Miscible with water
Aqueous solution is strongly alkaline in nature
Boiling point-37.7 °C

5. b) Chemical Properties:
a)Reaction with HCl: React with acid it form salts and water
NH
4OH + HCl------→ NH
4Cl + H
2O
b) Reaction with SulphuricAcid:
2NH
4OH + H
2SO4 ------→ (NH
4)
2SO4 + 2H
20

6. Uses:
Alkalizingagent
Refluxstimulant(faintedperson)
Vasoconstrictor
Strongbase
Antacid
LaboratoryReagent
Storage:
“Itshouldbestoredinwellclosedambercoloredcontainer
witharubberstopperatacoolPlace”

7. SODIUM HYDROXIDE
M.F-NaOH M.W-40
Syn:Causticsodaorlye
Sodiumhydroxideisoneofthemostcommoninorganic
basesoralkali.
Itisalsocalledcausticsodaorlye.

8. Method of Preparation
a)Sodiumhydroxideisindustriallyproducedusingthe
electrolyticchloralkaliprocess,inwhichelectrolysisof
aqueoussodiumchloridesolutiongiveschlorinegasand
sodiumhydroxide.NaOHisobtainedasa50%solutionin
water,andthendriedtogivesolidsodiumhydroxideflakes
orpellets.
2 NaCl+ 2 H
2O → 2 NaOH+ Cl
2+ H
2
b) By the reaction of Sodium carbonate and Calcium
hydroxide.

9. Properties :-
a)PhysicalProperties:
Itisanodorless,whitecrystallinesolidwithamelting
pointof318°C.
Itiswidelyavailableaspellets,flakes,granules,andalso
asaqueoussolutionsofdifferentconcentrations.
Sodiumhydroxideissolubleinpolarsolventssuchas
water,ethanol,andmethanol,andinsolubleinorganic
solvents.
Sodiumhydroxideisveryhygroscopic(absorbswater
fromair)andalsoabsorbscarbondioxidefromair.

10. b) Chemical Properties:
Reaction with HCl:
NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H
2O
Reaction withSulphuricAcid:
2NaOH+H
2SO
4→2Na
2SO
4 +2H
2O
Reaction withNitric Acid:
NaOH+HNO
3→NaNO
3+H
2O

11. Uses:
Sodium hydroxide is one of the most widely used bases in
industry.
Its main uses are in the paper industry, petroleum industry,
textiles industry,
In the manufacture of soaps and detergents,
In the Bayer process of aluminum production, industrial
cleaning, and for pH regulation.
It is also used in the food industry for many applications.
Storage:
“Keepin a tightly closed container. Protect from physical
damage.Storein a cool, dry, ventilated area away from
sources of heat and moisture”

12. REFERENCES-
•https://en.wikipedia.org/
•https://www.wyzant.com/
•Anand& Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
THANK YOU