UNIT-1 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE &TYPES.pptx

introduction to traditional knowledge

1. Essence of Indian Traditional Knowledge

2. Essence of Indian Traditional Knowledge UNIT-1 IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TOPIC Definitions, Nature , Characteristics & Types of TK CO NO:R24 / PO :6,7,8,12/PSO:2 G Durga Bhavani Assistant Professor Department of EEE

3. Traditional Knowledge

4. Define traditional knowledge, nature and characteristics, scope and importance, kinds of traditional knowledge, the physical and social contexts in which traditional knowledge develop, the historical impact of social change on traditional knowledge systems. Indigenous Knowledge (IK), characteristics, traditional knowledge Vs indigenous knowledge, traditional knowledge Vs western knowledge, traditional knowledge Vs formal knowledge Learning Outcomes: At the end of the unit, the student will able to: Understand the traditional knowledge. Contrast and compare characteristics importance kinds of traditional knowledge. Analyze physical and social contexts of traditional knowledge. Evaluate social change on traditional knowledge . UNITI -Introduction to Traditional knowledge

5. Traditional knowledge is commonly called as indigenous knowledge and on the whole referred to the established traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities. It is commonly believed that Traditional knowledge is indispensable part of the indigenous community. Since it is associated with environment and nature, it includes tribal way of life, ethics and practices followed by the indigenous people not related to any scientific analysis as such. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

6. Meaning and Definition The term ‘ traditional knowledge’ has been the subject of many conceptualizations. The various expressions, viz, traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), and local knowledge are interchangeably used to refer to the matured long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities which are often expressed through stories, legends, folklore, rituals songs, and even laws. Definition: Article 8(j) of the Convention of Biological Diversity, 1992 defines TK as ‘knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.’

7. Traditional knowledge is a body of knowledge built by a group of people through generations living in close contact with nature Traditional knowledge is an open-ended way to refer to tradition-based literary, artistic or scientific works; performances; inventions; scientific discoveries; designs; marks, names and symbols; undisclosed information; and all other tradition-based innovations and creations resulting from intellectual activity. Traditional Knowledge is essentially culturally oriented or culturally based, and it is integral to the cultural identity of the social group in which it operates and is preserved The definition of traditional knowledge used by the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) includes indigenous knowledge relating to categories such as agricultural knowledge, medicinal knowledge, biodiversity related knowledge and expressions of folklore in the form of music, dance, song, handicraft, designs, stories and artwork. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

8. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Traditional knowledge is knowledge, know-how, skills and practices that are developed, sustained and passed on from generation to generation within a community, often forming part of its cultural or spiritual identity . Traditional knowledge means “the knowledge possessed by the indigenous people and communities, in one or more societies and in one or more pattern, with, but not reserved to art, dance and music, medicines and folk remedies, folk culture ,biodiversity, knowledge and protection of plant varieties, handicrafts, designs, literature”. Traditional knowledge , indigenous knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous or local communities.

9. Medicinal, Agricultural & Ecological Knowledge Music & Dance, Stories & Poetry Artesanat (Handicrafts) Spiritual Expression Transmitted orally across generations Collective responsibility & ownership Constantly evolving TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

10. Nature and Characteristics Traditional knowledge of the Earth is based on thousands of years’ experience. TK is often part of the social fabric and everyday life of a community TK is known to the entire community and remains exclusively within it though occasionally, knowledge of a special skill or art is limited to a few members of the community. TK is essentially culturally oriented or culturally rooted TK is a means of cultural identification of the indigenous or local community.

11. Few more characteristics features It is transmitted from generations to generations In many cases, it is transmitted orally for generations from person to person It is being considered by the communities as gift of God and not as a private property Such knowledge typically distinguishes one community from another It is usually impossible to identify the original creator of the information It is learned through continuous observation, experience and practice It is usually associated with the biological resources.

12. Scope of Traditional Knowledge

13. IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Traditional Knowledge plays a key role in the Preservation and Sustainability of diversity. The Long term Economic Development of many indigenous and local communities, depend on their ability to harness their traditional knowledge for commercial benefits. TK has played, and still plays, an important role in vital areas such as medical treatment, food security and the development of agriculture. It enables the development of solutions with a low energy and resource use that can adapt to environmental variability and to react to emergencies and catastrophes in flexible and multifunctional ways. TK may help to find useful solutions to current problems, sometimes in combination with modern scientific and technological knowledge.

14. KINDS OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

15. INDIAN TRADITIONS

16. COMMUNITY TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE It indicates information that is not known to all but known only to a small group of people. Ex: Tribal Knowledge.   This knowledge is generally being transmitted verbally only to the members of the community.

17. PUBLICLY KNOWN TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Information commonly known and used by the people with or without documentation. Ex: The medicinal use of Neem, Tulsi etc. provides examples of this class.

18. INDIVIDUAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Available only with an individual or certain member of a family. Usually this information is handed over orally from the elder to his successor.

19. VOCAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Covers knowledge which is unwritten but preserved and handed over through generations orally. Ex: Uses of Agricultural products Foxtail Millets

20. DOCUMENTED TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Information that is well documented and available to the public Ex: Ayurvedha, scientific revolutions, Religious books etc.

21. SACRED TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Consists both sacred tangible as well as sacred intangible rights. Community’s right over sacred sites is an example for this category. Sacred intangible rights which include intellectual property.

22. SECULAR TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE The communities’ right over arts and crafts. It includes material proper for commercial exploitation _ items such as the family crests used in ceremonial occasions on clothing, masks, dance screens, etc. CRAFTS  -Appliqué, Crocheting, Embroidery, Felt-making, Knitting, Lace-making, Macramé, Quilting, Tapestry   ART , Weaving. Wood-carving, Wood-turning, Cabinet making, Furniture making, lacquer ware.

23. INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE The indigenous groups all over the world have peculiar cultural belief systems which demonstrate their immense knowledge and respect for the earth. Traditional Indigenous knowledge can be defined as a network of knowledges, beliefs, and traditions intended to preserve, communicate, and contextualize Indigenous relationships with culture and landscape over time. EXAMPLES oral narratives that recount human histories Techniques for planting and harvesting Hunting and gathering skills Medicinal remedies

24. The  culture of India  refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India. India's  languages, religions, dance, music, architecture,  food and customs differ from place to place within the country. Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures , Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as  Indian religions,philosophy,cuisine,languages,Dance,music and movies have a profound impact across the world. CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE BHARATA NATYAM – TAMILNADU KATHAKALI – KERALA KUCHIPUDI – ANDHRA PRADESH

25. ARTISTIC KNOWLEDGE The rich cultural diversity of India is well reflected in the vivid, distinct and enchanting folk art and crafts.  Indian art  consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, drawing sculpture, pottery, musical composition, and textile arts such as woven silk.

26. MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE India is known for its traditional medicinal systems—Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Medical systems are found mentioned even in the ancient Vedas and other scriptures. The Ayurvedic concept appeared and developed between 2500 and 500 BC in India Ayurveda  is attributed to Dhanvantari, the physician to the gods in Hindu mythology, who received it from Brahma. Its earliest concepts were set out in the portion of the Vedas known as the Atharvaveda Siddha  medicine is a traditional medicine originating in Tamil Nadu,  India  and practiced over centuries. Unani " or "Yunani medicine" is the term for Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Mughal  India  and in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia

27. NATURAL RESOURCES KNOWLEDGE Local  knowledge  of  natural resources  is made up of three types of information: 1) accumulated cultural  knowledge 2)  knowledge  modified through contact with other cultures 3) progressive learning of the environment. Knowledge of Plants, Lands ,Food, Water resources, Energy Resources , mineral resources etc. The biological protection is one of the greatest features of Indian culture.