UNIT 12 Nursing Foundation 0year .pptx

Nursing Foundation Year Wise

1. Unit 12 th Administration Of Medication Mrs. Neha Futela Nursing Lecturer RNI, B areilly

2. Introduction Medication administered to pt. are used to prevent diagnose or treat disease Medication administration and evaluation are essential to nursing practice. Nurses need to have knowledge about the actions and effects of medications, they deliver to clients.

3. Purposes It is used for diagnosis It treats the disease condition To prevent health alteration To prevent health condition To treat infection To treat allergic inflammation To relieve pain To restore bodily function

4. General principles Check the doctors order no medicine should be given without the doctors written order Give the medication only from a clearly labeled container. Be sure that the medicine glasses are clean and dry before use Shake the liquid medicine before pouring into the ounce glass Wipe the mouth of the bottle, close it tightly and replace the bottle in proper place Pour the medicine in the bottle on the side opposite to label. Once poured out the medicine should not be returned to the bottle Give medicine at correct time and see that patient takes it Always give the medicine that you have prepared yourself Do not leave the medicine with the patient Record after drug is given

5. Rights of medication These are those actions that ensure safe nursing practice. To ensure safe medication administration the nurse should be aware of a nursing standard called the 6 rights of medication- Right medication Right dose Right client Right route Right time Right documentation

6. Special consideration Administration of medication require knowledge. Nurses should administer medications by themselves Patient should receive a medication at a given time Nurses should administer medication correctly and monitor effects.

7. Safety In Administering Medications And Medication Errors Standard supply system- stock, stock supply system Individual patient supply system- it is a newer system. Medication are prepared in the pharmacy for each patient in time, 4 to 8 hours shift, or 24 hours. The packets are labeled in the pharmacy with patients name and identifying information as well as the name and dosage of drug. Packets are delivered in the nursing units. In both systems, the medicines must be checked and given to the patient at the appropriate time by a nurse.

8. Drug forms Caplet Solid dosage form for oral used Capsule Medication in powder, liquid or oil form Lotion Medicine in liquid suspensions applied externally to prevent skin Solution Liquid preparation that may used orally, parental or externally also be instilled into the cavity of body Suppository Solid dose form mixed with gelatin and insert into the body cavity Syrup Medication dissolved in concentrated sugar solution may contain flavor and palatable the medicine Tablet Powder dose form compressed into hard disk Suspension Finally divided drug particles diapers in liquid media

9. Drug forms Elixir Clear fluid containing water and alcohol Tincture Alcohol or water alcohol medication use orally or topically

10. Preventing Medication Errors A safe cupboard that can be locker is necessary for storing medication in a nursing unit The nurse preparing medications in the nursing unit, works alone in a quiet atmosphere, without disturbance There should be good lighting The medication should not ne left alone A medicine card for each patient with the pt. name, room, bed number, name of drug, dosage, route, and frequency and times of giving should be used. A medicine book is used in many institution 3 checks in pouring drugs should be followed As it is taken from the cupboard Before opening the bottle or packet Before it is placed Always follow the 6 rights of medication administration If patient refuse a medication or omitted for any reason it recorded It is possible that errors will be made in giving medication, as soon as it realized checked the patient condition and notify the doctor .

11. Routes Of Drugs Administration Oral routes Sublingual administration Buccal administration Inhalations Inunctions Instillation Insertion Implantation Parenteral administration- Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intradermal Intravenous Intra-arterial Intra-cardiac Intrathecal Intraosseous Intraperitoneal

12. Storage and Maintenance of drugs and nurses responsibility All the medicines and drugs must be checked as they are received from the dispensary Dangerous drugs are given by special order and every dose should be accurate Medicine cupboard should be kept in room, near to the ward All poisonous drugs must be kept separately in a separate cupboard & it must be kept locked Medicine for external use should be kept in separate part of cupboard The cupboard should be kept in well lighted room Poison bottles should be clearly labeled There should be separate parts for powders etc. The container should be arranged alphabetically A register should be maintained to keep the account Check the expiry date of drug Emergency drugs should be kept in a place where they are readily obtained for emergency use

13. Nurses responsibility

14. Types Of Medication Action Medication vary in the way they act and their types of action. Therapeutic effects is the expected or predictable physiological response a medication cause Side effects are the unintended secondary effects a medication predictably will cause, it may be injurious Adverse effects are generally considered severe response to medication Toxic effects may develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood Idiosyncratic reaction medication may cause unpredictable effects such as idiosyncratic reaction different from normal Allergic reaction are another unpredictable response to a medication Synergistic effects means the effects of two medication combined is greater than the effect of medication when given separately

15. Factor Influencing Drug Action Dose Age Body weight Time Route Presence of vomiting Technique

16. Broad Classification Of Drugs Analgesics Anesthetics Antacids Anti-helminthic Antibiotics Antidote Antihistamines Aperients Antipyretics Anti-inflammatory Antidiarrheal Anticoagulants Anti-infection Anti-asthmatics Antitussives Androgens Antiseptics Anti-emetics Astringent Antifungal Antispasmodics Anti-tubercular Anti-rheumatic Bronchodilators’ Caustics Coagulants Corticosteroid Cardiac tonic Carminatives Cardiac stimulant Diuretics Diaphoretics Detergent Demulcent Decongestant Emetics Expectorants Beta cholics / oxytocin Fungicides Germicide Hypnotics Hematinics Hypotensive Hemostatic Hypoglycemic Keratolytics Laxatives/ aperients Mydriatics Myotic Muscle relaxants Narcotics Sedatives Scabicides Tranquilizers Tonics Oral contraceptives Vesicant Vasodilators vasoconstrictor

17. Terminology and abbreviations used in prescription of medication

18. Oral Drugs Administration :

19. Administration of parenteral medications Types of Parenteral therapies- Intradermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Intrathecal Intra-articular Intra- cardial

20. Types of Syringes- There are several types of syringes. The most common are standard hypodermic syringe, the tuberculin syringe and the insulin syringe . Some syringe are made of glass and resterilized after each use. Plastic syringes are available in sterile, individual packets and are meant for disposal after one use.

21. Hypodermic needle and syringe

22. Glass syringe

23. Tuberculin syringe

24. Types of Needle Common Sizes- 18 gauze to 26 gauze Length 0.6cm to 5cm

25. Intramuscular Route(IM) It is defined as introduction of medicine into the muscle in form of solution. Purpose- To obtain a quick effect of medicine The medicine that is not suitable for IV. Principles- The knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of body is essential for safe administration. Explain the procedure to the patient Maintain proper hygienic technique