Unit 1General Pharmacology.pdf related to pharmacy

It is pharmacology subject important to medical

1. Unit 1
General Pharmacology
Animated/TechnologyTeaching Presentation

2. Introduction
•Pharmacology: Study of drugs and their interaction with
living systems/study of drug in biological system
•Derived from Greek: Pharmakon (drug) + Logos (study)

3. Subdivisions of Pharmacology
•Drug: Any chemical which affects biological systems
•Pharmacokinetics –What the body does to the drug; Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion
Absorption –Factors affecting absorption
Distribution –Plasma protein binding, Vd
Metabolism –Phase I & II reactions
Excretion –Renal, Biliary, Lungs, Sweat
•Pharmacodynamics –What the drug does to the body; Mechanism of action, effects
Drug–Receptor interactions
Agonist, Antagonist, Partial agonist
Dose–Response curve (graded vs quantal)
Potency vs Efficacy
•Chemotherapy –Use of drugs to kill parasites/microbes
•Toxicology –Study of harmful effects of chemicals

5. Classification of Drugs
•By chemical structure
•By mechanism of action
•By organ/system affected
•By therapeutic use

6. Routes of Administration
•Enteral: Oral, Sublingual, Rectal
•Parenteral: IV, IM, SC, Intrathecal
•Others: Inhalation, Topical, Transdermal

8. Factors Modifying Drug Response
•Patient factors –Age, Sex, Body weight, Genetics
•Pathological factors –Liver/Kidney disease
•Drug factors–Dose, Route, Duration, Tolerance

9. Adverse Drug Effects
•Side effects
•Toxic effects
•Allergy
•Idiosyncrasy
•Drug interactions
A--Dose-related, predictable (e.g., overdose, side effects).
B--Non-dose-related, unpredictable (e.g., allergies, idiosyncratic
reactions).
C--Long term associated (use of drugs regularly more than 14 days)
D--ADRs showed after the use of drugs
E--After completion of treatment/ drug dependencies

10. Outcomes
•Understanding general pharmacology is the foundation
of therapeutics
•It helps predict drug action, efficacy, safety and rational
use of medicines
•General Pharmacology covers definitions, classification,
sources
•Routes of administration and ADME (Pharmacokinetics)
•Pharmacodynamics and factors modifying drug
response
•Adverse effects: essential for safe drug use