Unit_2.00000000000000000000000000000.pdf

oops pdf for study

1. A.D. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Subject: Object Oriented Programming(102000212)

2. Concepts of OOP

3. Contents /Topics to be covered
•Introduction OOP
•Procedural Vs. Object Oriented Programming
•Principles of OOP
•Benefits and applications of OOP

4. Introduction to OOP

11. Principles of OOP
•DATAABSTRACTION :
•Abstractionreferstotheactofrepresentingessentialfeatureswithout
includingthebackgrounddetailsorexplanations.
•Classesusetheconceptofabstractionandaredefinedassize,widthand
cost,andfunctionstooperateontheattributes.
•Theyencapsulatealltheessentialpropertiesoftheobjectsthataretobe
created.

12. Principles of OOP cont…
DATAENCAPSALATION :
Thewrappingupofdataandfunctionintoasingleunit(calledclass)is
knownasencapsulation.
•Thedataisnotaccessibletotheoutsideworldandonlythose
functionswhicharewrappedintheclasscanaccessit.
•Thesefunctionsprovidetheinterfacebetweentheobjectsdataand
theprogram.
•Theinsulationofthedatafromdirectaccessbytheprogramiscalled
datahidingorinformationhiding.

13. Principles of OOP cont…
INHERITANCE:
•Inheritanceistheprocessbywhichobjectsofoneclassacquirethe
propertiesofanotherclass.
•Intheconceptofinheritanceprovidestheideaofreusability.
•Thismeanthatwecanaddadditionalfeaturestoanexistingclasswithout
modifyingit.
•Thisispossiblebyderivinganewclassfromtheexistingone.
•Thenewclasswillhavethecombinedfeaturesofboththeclasses.

14. Inheritance Example:

15. Principles of OOP cont…
POLYMORPHISIM :
•Polymorphismmeanstheabilitytotakemorethanoneform.
•Anoperationmayexhibitdifferentinstance.
•Thebehaviordependsuponthetypeofdatausedintheoperation.
•Alanguagefeaturethatallowsafunctionoroperatortobegivenmore
thanonedefinition.
•Thetypesoftheargumentswithwhichthefunctionoroperatoriscalled
determineswhichdefinitionwillbeused.

16. Principles of OOP cont…
•Overloadingmaybeoperatoroverloadingorfunctionoverloading.
•Itisabletoexpresstheoperationofadditionbyasingleoperatorsay‘+’.
•Whenthisispossibleyouusetheexpressionx+ytodenotethesumofx
andy,formanydifferenttypesofxandy;integers,floatandcomplexno.
•Youcanevendefinethe+operationfortwostringstomeanthe
concatenationofthestring.

17. Polymorphism Example

18. Dynamic Binding & Static Binding
•Bindingreferstothelinkingofaprocedurecalltothecodetotheexecuted
inresponsetothecall.
•Dynamicbindingmeansthecodeassociatedwithagivenprocedurecall
isnotknownuntilthetimeofthecallatrun-time.
•StaticBindingdefinesthepropertiesofthevariablesatcompiletime.
Thereforetheycan’tbechanged.

19. Message passing
•Anobjectorientedprogramconsistsofasetofobjectsthatcommunicate
witheachother.
•Amessageforanobjectisarequestforexecutionofaprocedureand
thereforewillinvokeafunction(procedure)inthereceivingobjectthat
generatesthedesiredresult.
•Messagepassinginvolvesspecifyingthenameoftheobject,thenameof
thefunction(message)andinformationtobesent.

20. BENEFITS OF OOP:
1.Throughinheritancewecaneliminateredundantcodeandextendtheuse
ofexistingclasses.
2.Wecanbuildprogramsfromthestandardworkingmodulesthat
communicatewithoneanother,ratherthanhavingtostartwritingthecode
fromscratch.Thisleadstosavingofdevelopmenttimeandhigher
productivity.
3.Theprincipleofdatahidinghelpstheprogrammertobuildsecure
programsthatcan’tbeinvadedbycodeinotherpartsoftheprogram.

21. BENEFITS OF OOP: Cont…
4.Itispossibletohavemultipleinstancesofanobjecttoco-existwithout
anyinterference.
5.Itiseasytopartitiontheworkinaprojectbasedonobjects.
6.Object-orientedsystemscanbeeasilyupgradedfromsmalltolarge
systems.
7.Messagepassingtechniquesforcommunicationbetweenobjectsmakes
theinterfacedescriptionwithexternalsystemsmuchsimpler.
8.Softwarecomplexitycanbeeasilymanaged

22. Applications of OOP
•Real –Time systems.
•Simulation and modeling
•Object oriented databases.
•Hypertext, hypermedia and expertext.
•Al and expert systems.
•Neural networks and parallel programming.
•Decision support and office automation systems.
•CIM / CAM / CAD system.

23. Thank you