Unit – 2 Natural Resources natural resources.pdf

1. Unit –2
Natural Resources-Renewable & Non-Renewable Resources
Classification of Natural Resources
Uses of Renewable & Non-Renewable Resources
Land Resources
Forest Resources
Water Resources
Energy Resources
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2. Resourcereferstoallthematerialsavailablein
ourenvironmentwhicharetechnologically
accessible,economicallyfeasibleandculturally
sustainableandhelpustosatisfyourneedsand
wants.Resourcescanbroadlybeclassifiedupon
theiravailability—theyareclassifiedinto
renewableandnon-renewableresources.
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3. Classification of NaturalResources
RenewableResources
Resourceswhosecontinualharvestispossiblewithproperplanningandmanagement,
suchasplants,animals,solarenergy,windenergy,etc.,areknownasrenewable
resources.(Theycanrenewthemselvesiftheyarenotoverused).
Non-renewableResources
Thoseresourceswhichoncegonehaveverylittlechanceofrecoveryorresynthesisare
callednon-renewableresources.Examplesofnon-renewableresourcesarecoal,
minerals,andpetroleum.(Totalstockislimited).
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4. Our naturalresources
water
forest
energy
land
food
minerals
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5. NaturalResources Uses
Air(Wind) Required for allliving
produce windenergy.
thingsforbreathing,Useto
Animals /Plants Providefood,cloth,shelter,medicine.Usedasmode
oftransport.Animaldungcanbeusedas
fuel/fertilizer.
Soil Used as the primary nutrient source for plants. It is
the habitat of manyorganisms.
SolarLight Providelight,energy and help to plants for making
theirfoods
Wood /Tree Usedasconstructionmaterial.Usedtomake
Water
utensils, furniture and sportingequipments.
Used in household, agriculture andtransportation.
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6. Examples of Renewable Resources
solarenergy
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7. Hybrid Of Wind And Solarenergy
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8. COAL
OIL
NATURALGAS
NUCLEARPOWER
Over85%oftheenergyusedintheworldisfromnon-
renewablesupplies
Mostdevelopednationsaredependentonnon-renewable
energysourcessuchasfossilfuels(coalandoil)andnuclear
power.
Industrializedsocietiesdependonnon-renewableenergy
sources.
Examples of Non-renewableResources
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10. LandResources
The Importance ofLand
The human civilization has thrived onland.
Land is used foragriculture.
Land contains huge amount of mineraldeposits.
It also contains water in the form of undergroundwater.
Most of the animals find their habitat onland.
Land directly or indirectly provides all the resources required to fulfil the basic needs
of humans: food, cloth, andshelter.
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Landresourcesmeantheresourcesavailablefromtheland,thus
theagriculturallandwhichcontainnaturalfertilizerforgrowthof
theproductssown;theundergroundwater,thevariousminerals
likecoal,bauxite,goldandotherrawmaterials.
Or
Landresourcereferstothelandavailableforexploitation,like
nonagriculturallandsforbuildings,developingtownshipsetc.

12. FunctionsofSoil
Role in nutrientcycles
Inagriculture
Regulate thewater
Regulate the emissions ofgases
Degrade pollutantsandfiltergroundwater
Producingclay
Provide the structural material as brick, cement
etc.
Sequester carbon as organicmatter.
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13. LandDegradation
Thefertilityoflandsupportsthegrowthandproductivity
ofnaturalvegetationandagriculturalcrops.Anumberof
naturalandman-madefactorslowerthequalityofland.
Thisiscommonlyreferredtoaslanddegradation.
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14. 08-10-2022 14

15. Causes of landdegradation
Natural factors
Heavyrains
High speed wind andstorms
Natural disasters like earthquakes ,floods, prolonged drought,etc.
Anthropogenicfactors
Mining.
Urbanization
The indiscriminate and uncontrolled removal oftrees
Excess use offertilizers
Industrialdischarges
Overgrazing, soil erosion,etc..
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16. SoilErosion
Soilerosionisremovaloftopsoilfromitsrestingplacebyvarious
physicalagencieslikewindandwater.Itcanbedefinedas“the
detachmentandtransportofthefertilelayerofsoilbywaterorair.”
Itisalsoknownasthecreepingdeathofland.
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Inthisprocess,thesoil
particlesareloosenedor
washedawayinthevalleys,
oceans,rivers,streamsorfar
awaylands.Thishasbeen
worseningduetohuman
activitiessuchasagriculture
anddeforestation.

17. Causes of SoilErosion
Large-scaledeforestationformeetingcommercialas
well as day-to-dayneeds
Heavy floods in rivers
Overgrazing bycattle
Dry violentwinds
Improper agriculturaltechniques(Pesticides, fertilizers
and other toxic farm chemicals)
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18. Effects of SoilErosion
Desertificationofland
Decrease in productivity ofland
Reduction in the agricultural land at the banks ofrivers
Depositionof soil in river beds and canals causing diversion of
their natural flow and hence leading todisasters
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Landslides
•Landslidesaredefinedasthedownwardmovementofa
massofrock,earth,ordebrisundertheeffectofgravity.
•Itisanaturalprocess.
•Causeslikedeforestation,industrializationandmaking
placeforhumanhabitation.
•Itsnotonlyeffectshumanlifebutalsodestroyplantation
andwildlife.

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21. Desertification
Causes ofDesertification
NaturalFactors
Very low rainfall
High salinity of soils
Excessiveevaporation
Vast difference in diurnal temperature
AnthropogenicFactors
Overgrazing
Overirrigation
Excessive ploughing
Excessive use of fertilizers
Continuous cutting oftrees
Conversion of fertile land into an infertile desert land is
calleddesertification.
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22. Effects ofDesertification
Poor soilquality
Rapid soilerosion
Unfavorable climate
Huge economiclosses
Low water table, salty and hardwater
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23. Control ofDesertification
Promoting large-scale plantation oftrees
Changing agricultural practices and promoting dry landfarming
Development of pasture lands (suitable for Grazing) and control of
overgrazing
Promoting equitable use of waterresources
Development of water catchment areas
The desertification is increasing significantly in Bhuj in
northern Gujarat due to over usages of ground water for last
20years.Water tables going down by3m/year.
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24. ForestResources
Aforest is a biotic community with a
predominance of trees; it is an
important renewableresource.
Forests restore oxygen in our
atmosphere through photosynthesisand
also provide solvents, medicines, fuels,
and many other products that are
important for our health andcomfort.
India is rich in forest resources with a
great diversity of flora andfauna.
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Aforestisacomplexecologicalsysteminwhichtreesarethedominant
life-form.
Aforestisnature'smostefficientecosystem,withahighrateof
photosynthesisaffectingbothplantandanimalsystemsinaseriesofcomplex
organicrelationships.
Forestisimportantrenewableresources.
Forestvaryincompositionanddiversityandcancontributesubstantiallyto
theeconomicdevelopmentofanycountry.
Plantsalongwithtreescoverlargeareas,producevarietyofproductsand
providefoodforlivingorganisms,andalsoimportanttosavetheenvironment.

26. Importance ofForests
DirectBenefits
Forests provide timber for construction of buildings andfurniture.
Theyproviderawmaterialforanumberoflarge-andsmall-scale
industries.(beekeeping,Furniture,salseedoil,bamboosticks)
Theyprovideavarietyofedibleproductsforhumanbeingsand
animals.
They provide natural habitat to tribal people.
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27. They make manure (organic matter used as organic fertilizer in
agriculture) and fuel wood available tohumans.
They are an importantsourceofnationalincome.
They provide various medicinalplants.
They increase the beauty of landscape and attracttourists.
Theyareextremelyhelpfulingeneratingemployment
opportunities.
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28. IndirectBenefits
Forests help in minimizing natural hazards.
They help in reducing soil erosion and siltation of downstream
waterbodies.
They help in reducing desertification and land degradation.
They help in maintaining biodiversity by providing habitat to wild
animals.
They help in regulating hydrologicalcycle.
They help in regulating the gases in atmosphere.
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30. Deforestation
The term deforestation refers to the removal or reduction of
forestcover.
Causes ofDeforestation
Encroachmentofforestlandforagriculturalusetomeetthe
growing demands offoods.
Expansion of cities to accommodate the growingpopulation
Construction of dams, canals, andhighways
Establishment of industrialareas
Demand forfirewood
Mining
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32. Causes ofDeforestation
Populationexplosion:Population
explosionistherootcauseofallthe
environmentalproblems,vastareaof
forestsareclearedforhuman
settlement
ShiftingCultivation:Itisatraditional
agroforestrysysteminwhichfelling
andburningofforestsfollowedby
cultivationofcropforfewyearsand
abandonofcultivationallowforestsfor
re-growthcauseextremedamageto
forest.
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33. Growingfooddemand:Tomeetthefood
demandofrapidlygrowingpopulation
moreandmoreforestsareclearedofffor
agriculturalpurpose.
Firewood:Increasingdemandofwood
forfuelincreasespressureonforests.
Rawmaterialforwoodbasedindustry:
Increasingdemandofwoodformaking
furniture,plywood,paper,matchboxetc
resultsintotremendouspressureon
forests.
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35. Infrastructure development:
Massivedestructionofforestoccurs
for various infrastructure
developmentlike,bigdams,
highwaysprojectsetc.
Forestfires:Forestfiresmaybe
naturalormanmadecauseahuge
lossofforest.
Overgrazing:Overgrazingofland
bycattleresultintosoilerosion,
desertification.
Naturalforces:Floods,storms,
heavywinds,snow,lighteningare
someofthenaturalforces
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36. Effects ofDeforestation
Loss of natural habitat of wild animals andplants
Increased intensity and frequency offloods
Landdegradation
Loss of forestproducts
Change in climaticconditions
Siltation of rivers andlakes
Loss ofrevenue
Change in hydrological cycle and reducedrainfall
Increased socio-economic problem in the longrun08-10-2022 36

37. Control ofDeforestation
Miningactivitiesshouldbeprohibitedinareasdeclaredas
protectedforests.
Cutting of trees should be followed by massiveplantation.
Theenvironmentallawsandlegalprovisionsshouldbestrictly
enforced.
Public awareness should be created regarding medicinal and other
economic and environmental significance offorests.
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38. The story of Chipko: The local women who saved thetrees
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39. Afforestation
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40. Functions ofForests
Thefunctionsofforestmaybroadlyclassifiedintofollowing
categories
•ProtectiveFunction
•ProductiveFunction
•RegulativeFunction
•AccessoryFunction
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41. ProtectiveFunctions
Forest Provide protectionagainst
•
•
•
•
•
Soil erosion
Droughts
Floods
Noise
Radiations
Soil erosion FloodsSoil erosion
Droughts
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42. ProductiveFunctions
Forest Provide various products like, gum resins, medicines, honey,
pulp, bamboo, timber, Vegetables andfruits.
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43. RegulativeFunctions
TheForestregulatesthe
levelofOxygenandcarbon
dioxideinatmosphere.
Theforestsalsohelpin
regulatingtemperature
conditions
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45. Economical Importance ofForest
Timber:Woodusedforcommercial
purposeslikeformakingfurnitureand
otheritemslikeboats,bridgesandother
daytodayuses.
FuelWood:Thewoodisusedasfuelfor
cookingandotherpurposesbypoor
people.
Rawmaterialforwoodbased
industries:forestproviderawmaterial
forvariouswoodbasedindustrieslike
paperandpulp,sportsgoods,furniture,
matchboxesetc.
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46. WaterResources
Importance of Water
Water is the basic component of every livingcell.
It is the basic input required foragriculture.
Hydel power can be used for generatinghydroelectricity.
It provides habitat to aquatic flora andfauna.
Common salt can be obtained fromwater.
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47. Earth: “BluePlanet”
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48. 08-10-2022 48

49. Sources ofWater
GroundWater
Waterthatishiddenundergroundinspacesbetweensoilandrockparticles
isknownasgroundwater.Thisgroundwateristhesourceofwaterfor
wells,springs,andeventorivers.Rainwaterseepsintotheground,some
areclingstoparticleortotherootoftheplants.Thismoistureisprovided
totheplantsfortheirgrowth.Mostwatermovesdeeperintoground.Most
usablewaterisatdepthof750m.
SurfaceWater
Afterprecipitation,theamountofwaterthatdoesnotpercolatedowninto
thegroundordoesnotreturntotheatmospherebyevaporationor
transpirationandenterstherivers,streams,lakes,ponds,wetland,or
artificialreservoirsconstitutessurfacewater.
Groundwaterispurerthansurfacewater,thechanceof
pollutionislessingroundwater.
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50. WaterCycle
Water never leaves the Earth. It is constantly being cycled
through the atmosphere, ocean, andland.08-10-2022 50

51. Effects of Over-utilization of GroundWater
Reduced flow of surfacewater
Lowering of water table
Waterlogging
(saturation of the soil bygroundwater)
land Subsidence
Degradation of waterquality
Increased saltcontent
Increased powercosts
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52. WaterCalamities:Floods and Droughts
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53. Floods
Floodsreferstothepresenceofunusuallylargeamountofwater
atanyplaceormorewaterthatcanbehandledbythedrainage
ofthearea.Thevarioustypesoffloodsare08-10-2022 53

54. Flash Floods (due to sudden heavy rain fall, damfailure)
River floods (when rain over large the catchment area slowly,
melting ofsnow)
CoastalFloods(duetocyclonicactivitylikehurricanes,
tropicalcyclones)
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55. Drought
Adrought is a condition in which a region suffers from a
severe scarcity in its wateravailability.
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56. EnergyResources
RenewableEnergySources
Renewablesourcesofenergyorflowsources,relyonnaturalenergyflowsandsourcesin
theenvironmentandthushavethepotentialofbeingcontinuallyreplenished.These
includefirewood,animaldung,solarenergy,windenergy,geothermalenergy,tidal
energy,etc.
Non-renewableEnergySources
Non-renewableenergysourcesareavailableinlimitedamountanddevelopovera
longerperiod.Becauseofindiscriminateusetheyarelikelytobeexhaustedinthenear
future.Theseincludecoal,mineraloil,naturalgas,nuclearpower,etc.
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57. RenewableSourcesofEnergy
SolarEnergy
WindEnergy
TidalEnergy
GeothermalEnergy
Biomass Based Energy (natural vegetation,
animal waster)
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58. Non-Renewable Sources ofEnergy
Coal
Natural gas andoil
Nuclearenergy(Controversial,because
useoftheradioactivesubstancebutit
doesnotemitanygreenhousegasortoxic
gases.
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59. Limitation of alternative energysources
Alternative sources provide a ray ofhope.
High installation costs and requiremaintenance.
Shortinavailabilityofmaterialwhichmaybeusedindesigningandmanufacturing,
likeassupplyofsiliconisshortwhichisessentialforphotovoltaiccell.
Lackofhumancapital,affectthewholeenergyindustryworldwide.
Still,thebenefitsaredrivinggovernments,businessesandindividualsall-overthe
worldtoadoptthistechnology.
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