Unit 30 Factors Affecting Plant Growth 2.pptx

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1. Lesson 30.2 Temperature

2. explain the importance of temperature in plants; and 1 At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: discuss the physiological response of plants to the temperature gradient. 2

3. Temperature A barometer in a farm in TG. Temperature is the physical quantity that measures the hotness or coldness of an environment. It directly affects the following processes in plants: photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

4. Effects of Changing Temperature Slightly high temperature reading in a garden in TG. High temperature results in an increased respiration. This means that the products of photosynthesis are being used more quickly than they are produced by the plant.

5. Effects of Changing Temperature Low temperature reading in a garden in TG. Low temperature can result in poor plant growth. This is due to the slowing down of photosynthesis at low temperatures. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis results in lower yields.

6. Types of Plants Onion plants can tolerate freezing conditions in TG. Plant types based on ability to withstand cold temperature: Hardy plants are plants that can withstand freezing temperatures. Examples include asparagus, cabbage, onions.

7. Types of Plants Young celery plants cannot tolerate freezing conditions in TG. Plant types based on ability to withstand cold temperature: Tender plants are plants that are killed or injured in freezing temperatures because the plant cells and tissues are frozen. Examples include celery and corn.

8. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes L ock-and-key model of enzymatic functions in TG. Photosynthesis Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyzes or speed up certain metabolic reactions happening in an organism. They are affected directly by temperature changes.

9. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Photosynthesis At a low temperature between 0 and 10 °C , enzymes that are part of the photosynthesis do not work efficiently, decreasing the photosynthesis rate. Due to this, lower glucose production results in stunted growth of the plant.

10. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Photosynthesis At medium temperatures at around 10 to 20 °C , the photosynthetic enzymes work at its optimum levels. This makes the photosynthesis rates high.

11. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Photosynthesis At optimum temperatures : Beyond 20 °C, photosynthetic rate decreases due to the enzyme malfunctioning. At a temperature, around 40 °C , the enzymes carrying out photosynthesis denature and lose its shape together with its functionality.

12. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes Effect of temperature on photosynthesis in TG. Photosynthesis Enzymes are easily affected by changing temperatures.

13. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Respiration Respiration is a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria of the plant cells. It converts oxygen and the sugars from photosynthesis into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Plant, producing gas bubbles underwater

14. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Respiration The rate of plant cell respiration decreases when temperature decreases up to the point where respiration completely reaches around the freezing temperatures. Respiration increases with the increasing temperatures until high temperatures cause tissue deterioration.

15. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Respiration Temperature greatly affects respiration of the maintenance and regulatory cells than those assigned for plant growth. Effect of temperature on respiration

16. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Transpiration Transpiration is the evaporation of water out of the plant’s body through the leaves. Leaf function

17. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Transpiration Relative humidity is the water vapor in the air. A well-hydrated leaf has a relative humidity of 100% like the atmosphere.

18. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Transpiration Temperature serves as the direct factor that can drive water move out of a plant through the stomata. As temperature increases, the capacity of the plant to hold air increases. The warmer air increases the rate of transpiration, while cooler air decreases transpiration.

19. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Transpiration The warmer air increases the rate of transpiration, while cooler air decreases transpiration. Effect of temperature to transpiration

20. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Transpiration As a response to water loss, the plant tends to regulate the opening of its stomata to prevent excessive transpiration. Opening and closing of the guard cells

21. Effects of Temperature on Plant Processes in TG. Plant Growth Temperature affects plant growth by increased respiration rates and reduction of sugar content of products. Temperature preference of common crop plants Plant Growth Ideal Temperature for Plant Growth Broccoli and Cabbage Tomato and Peppers Germination 40 to 90 °F 50 to 100 ° F Growth 65 to 80 °F 86 ° F Flowering Temperature extremes lead to boiling and buttoning. Less than 32 ° F

22. Temperature is the physical quantity that measures the hotness or coldness of an environment. It directly affects the following processes in plants: photosynthesis , respiration , and transpiration . 1 Hardy plants are plants that can withstand freezing temperatures. Examples of hardy plants are asparagus, cabbage, and onions. 2

23. Tender plants are plants that are killed or injured in freezing temperatures because the plant cells and tissues are frozen. Examples of tender plants are celery and corn. 3 Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as a catalyzing agent to speed up certain metabolic reaction happening in an organism. Enzymes are often folded to reach a very particular shape that allows it to bind efficiently to its target molecule. 4

24. Respiration is a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria of the plant cells. It converts oxygen and the sugars from photosynthesis into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. 5 Transpiration is the movement of water from the plant roots out of the stomata on the underside of leaves. 6

25. Increase in temperature can cause denaturation of proteins in plants. An increase in temperature can cause an increase in the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis and respiration in plants are not related. An increase in temperature can cause an increase in the respiration rate of plants. Some plants are too sensitive to the changes in temperature. Determine whether each of the statements below is true or false.

26. How do plants respond to excessive transpiration on their leaves?

27. This file, Lock and key , by Hottuna080 , is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Creative Commons.

28. “Environmental Factors that Affect Plant Growth.” Accessed October 1, 2016. https:// ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/water.html. “Factors Affecting Plant Growth.” Accessed September 8, 2016. http://broome.soil.ncsu.edu/ ssc051/Lec3.htm. Haferkamp, Marshall R. “Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Productivity.” Accessed October 1, 2016. http://oregonstate.edu/dept/eoarc/sites/default/files/publication/328.pdf. “Plant Responses to Environmental Cues Tropisms, Photoperiodism, and Plant Hormones.” Accessed September 7, 2016. https://www.nicholls.edu/biol-ds/Biol156/Lectures/Plant%20 Hormones.pdf.