Unit 4. hướng dẫn reading - wriitng.pptx

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1. UNIT 4 GLOBAL ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2. READING

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8. IELTS WRITING- TASK 2: causes and solutions

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13. 13 CAUSE AND SOLUTION ESSAY

14. structure for cause & solution essay There may be many possible answering strategies, but we’ll use this good and time-tested essay structure: Introduction Body paragraph 1 – causes Body paragraph 2 – solutions Conclusion 14

15. structure of causes & solutions essay paragraph 1: introduction Paraphrase đề bài Paraphrase đề bài và đưa ra câu trả lời đề bài (thesis statement) paragraph 2: body 1 Đưa ra nguyên nhân Câu 1: câu chủ đề Câu 2: nguyên nhân thứ nhất Câu 3: giải thích cho nguyên nhân thứ nhất Câu 4: nguyên nhân thứ hai Câu 5: giải thích cho nguyên nhân thứ hai

16. structure of causes & solutions essay paragraph 2: body 2 Đưa ra giải pháp Câu 1: câu chủ đề Câu 2: giải pháp thứ nhất Câu 3: giải thích cho giải pháp thứ nhất Câu 4: giải pháp thứ hai Câu 5: giải thích cho giải pháp thứ hai conclusion para Paraphrase lại câu trả lời đề bài (thesis statement)

17. Producing ideas As you know, it’s recommended to spend about 40 minutes on IELTS Writing task 2. But before starting to write your essay, it’s a good idea to dedicate 2-4 minutes to producing some ideas for your essay. This way you’ll know what to write about and your essay will be more structured. To produce ideas for causes and solutions essay, you have to determine 3 things: Problem Causes of this problem Solutions to this problem The problem is already given: l oss of bio-diversity (in other words, some animals and plants are dying out). 17

18. Causes change of the natural habitats When humans artificially transform the environment (build roads, houses etc.), they destroy animals’ natural habitat. pollution Pollution negatively changes the flow of energy, the chemical constitution of the environment and the climate in general, so a lot of species cannot live under such conditions and die out overexploitation of resources When the activities connected with capturing and harvesting a natural resource are too intense in a particular area, the resource becomes exhausted. Example: too intense farming exhausts the soil; too frequent fishing, which doesn’t leave enough time for fish to reproduce, makes fish disappear. After you’ve though of the possible causes, you can use them in your writing. You can invent more reasons of this problem, but usually, it’s enough to give 1-2 causes in your writing. 18

19. Possible solutions protect areas Protecting areas where human activity is limited and avoiding overexploitation of resources are the best ways to save the environment and prevent species from dying out. promote awareness Informing the general population about the disadvantages of loss of biodiversity will encourage people to be more conscious of the environment. 1-2 solutions are enough for a good essay. Now, after we’ve collected some ideas, it’s time to structure our thoughts into an essay. 19

20. Introduction Write the introduction in 2 sentences: Sentence 1 - paraphrase the question (restate the problem): Despite knowing about biodiversity’s importance for a long time, human activity has been causing massive extinctions of different species. Sentence 2 - tell the examiner what you’re going to describe in your essay: This essay will examine the main causes of loss of biodiversity and possible solutions of this problem. 20

21. Body paragraph 1 - causes sentence 1 - state 2 main causes: The two main causes of species extinction are change of their habitats and overexploitation of natural resources. Sentences 2-4 - explain the first cause + give an example: When humans artificially transform the environment, they destroy vegetation and animals’ natural habitat. For instance, to build new roads people are cutting down the trees and cementing the soil, altering the environment. Because of that, a lot of species are dying out. Sentences 5-7 - explain the second cause + give an example: Also, when the activities connected with capturing and harvesting a natural resource are too intense in a particular area, the resource becomes exhausted. For example, too frequent fishing doesn’t leave enough time for fish to reproduce and makes them disappear. The last sentence - give a short summary (if needed) In other words, human activities often deplete local flora and fauna and cause loss of bio-diversity. 21

22. Body paragraph 2 - solutions Sentence 1 - give 1-2 possible solutions Some possible solutions to this problem are protecting natural areas and promoting awareness among people. Sentences 2-4 - explain how each of the solutions solves the problem (you may give an example if you wish) By protecting areas where human activity is limited and avoiding overexploitation of its resources, we can save the untouched environment and prevent species from dying out. Moreover, the next step in fighting bio-diversity loss is informing the general population about the dangers of this problem. This way, people will be more conscious of the environment and won’t overuse or destroy its resources. 22

23. Conclusion Sentence 1 - restate the causes of the problem To conclude, people’s activities that change the environment have negative impact on the world's ecosystem. Sentence 2 - remind the reader of possible solutions However, we can significantly lessen the extinction of species by protecting natural areas and enlightening people as to this problem. 23

24. sample -band 9 Despite knowing about biodiversity’s importance for a long time, human activity has been causing massive extinctions of different species. This essay will examine the main causes of loss of biodiversity and possible solutions of this problem. The two main causes of species extinction are change of their habitats and overexploitation of natural resources. When humans artificially transform the environment, they destroy vegetation and animals’ natural habitat. For instance, to build new roads people are cutting down the trees and cementing the soil, altering the environment. Because of that, a lot of species are dying out. Also, when the activities connected with capturing and harvesting a natural resource are too intense in a particular area, the resource becomes exhausted. For example, too frequent fishing doesn’t leave enough time for fish to reproduce and makes them disappear. In other words, human activities often deplete local flora and fauna and cause loss of bio-diversity. 24

25. Some possible solutions to this problem are protecting natural areas and promoting awareness among people. By protecting areas where human activity is limited and avoiding overexploitation of its resources, we can save the untouched environment and prevent species from dying out. Moreover, the next step in fighting bio-diversity loss is informing the general population about the dangers of this problem. This way, people will be more conscious of the environment and won’t overuse or destroy its resources. To conclude, people’s activities that change the environment have negative impact on the world's ecosystem. However, we can significantly lessen the extinction of species by protecting natural areas and enlightening people as to this problem. (263 words). 25

26. HOMEWORK In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. write at least 250 words 26