unit 5 E. air and ventilation.pptxhhhhhh

An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It can also help identify breathing problems, lung diseases, and how well treatments are working.
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's acid-base balance (pH). The test is performed by drawing blood from an artery, usually in the wrist, arm, or groin. The test can help determine how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the bl

1. Air/ventilation and housing

2. Objectives By the end of this presentation, students will be able to: Define ventilation Discuss the importance of air & ventilation Discuss effects of poor ventilation on health Describe the types, standard, and needs of housing Discuss effects of poor housing on health  

3. Ventilation Ventilation means the constant replacement of foul air by supply of fresh outdoor air, with control of quality of temperature, humidity and purity of the incoming air. The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli. The act or process of ventilating or the state of being ventilated. The systematic removal and replacement of heated air, smoke, and gases from a structure with cooler air Types of ventilation: There are two types of ventilation Natural ventilation Artificial ventilation

4. Natural ventilation Fresh air enters the room through windows and doors so it replaces the foul air. This is due to : Diffusion of gases. Difference in temperature inside and outside the room. Wind.

5. ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION It is the replacement of foul air by fresh air through some artificial means. There are three methods: Propelling fresh air or plenum system. Extraction of foul air or exhaust system. Combination of both or balance system.

6. plenum system

7. exhaust system

8. advantages of air and ventilation Improves visibility, and reduces heat levels Fire attack, Rescue Fire spread control, Property Conservation Increases survivability of trapped victims

9. Disadvantages of Improper Ventilation Fire spread Accelerated burning firefighters will be in danger Structural Integrity

10. Effects of poor ventilation on health . Pontiac fever, Legionnaire’s disease and Humidifier fever caused by contaminated standing water in poorly maintained HVAC ( Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems . Extremes in temperature causing fatigue, discomfort and distraction. Low humidity causing dry throat, dry skin and static electricity build-up. High humidity contributing to bacterial and mold growth. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide and low levels of oxygen due to low ventilation rate. Build up of chemical and biological contaminants that cause poor indoor air quality. Excessive and irritating workplace odor causing worker discomfort. Sick Building Syndrome : irritation of eyes, nose and throat, headaches, fatigue, and a susceptibility to colds and flu.

11. HOUSING : Housing is more than a physical structure providing shelter. It is a part of total environment affecting the health of an individual and the community to a great extent. A good house provides protection from bad weather and accidents . Physiological needs : Free from objectionable odor and air movement with a noise level below 50 to 70 decibel. Adequate light with tap water supply or tube well It must be protected from rain, sun and animal . Good drainage for water. Rooms should be damp proof. Proper place for collection of refuse and its disposal. Bathroom and latrine with in the reach of people in the room. Psychological Needs : Privacy, family, and community, cleanliness. Satisfaction in house. Good location and open space. Proper place in respect of number of persons and need should be prepared.

12. URBAN HOUSING : Two third of the plot should be utilized for building purposes and one third left over. It should be at one site elevation and access to street should be independent. Set back open spaces all around the house for proper ventilation and lighting. Wall should be reasonably strong of low heat capacity and weather resistant, Height should not be less than 10 feet. Good sized room with cupboards. Removed garbage daily. water supply available all time. Kitchen made separate and have light, good water supply, sink, and protected from smoke and dirt. RURAL HOUSING: Separate kitchen with a platform arrangement of washing utensils. Sanitary latrine. Window are at least 10% of floor area. Sanitary well near the house. Arrangement of safe disposal of water, refuse and garbage.

13. HOUSING AND HEALTH : Poor ventilated, dirty and over crowded houses are responsible for various diseases listed below: RESPIRATORY: common cold, TB, influenza, diphtheria, bronchitis and measles. SKIN INFECTION: Scabies, ringworm, leprosy and other. HOUSE FILES: Mosquitoes, rats and files spread disease. THREAD WORM: due to sleeping together among children. Accidents due to some defect in the home. OVER CROWDING : The degree of overcrowding can be expressed as the number of persons per rooms. For one person (50-70 sq. feet) For two person (90-100 sq. feet)

14. Light : The natural agent that stimulates sight and make things visible. It has little weight, no heavy. Good light Is essential for efficient vision. Imperfect light is one of the cause of ill health and accident. It can damage the eyesight and produce physical and mental discomfort. Noise Noise is unwanted sound or a sound without agreeable musical quality. SOURCES OF SOUND: Aircraft. Industries and factories. Automobiles. Loudspeaker.

15. Types of housing Detached house A detached house is a stand-alone residential structure that does not share outside walls with another house or building.

16. Semi detached house A house that is semi-detached is one that is joined to another similar house on only one side

17. Terraced house a house built as part of a continuous row in a uniform style.

18. FLAT Flat or apartment refer to a housing unit that occupies only part of a building. There are lots of difference between a flat and a house. Flats are the living area people lives in cities usually chooses.

19. Bungalow a one-storied house with a low-pitched roof also a house having one and a half stories and usually a front porch.

20. Standard of housing Space and security Site and neighborhood Sanitary conditions and Sanitary facilities Food preparation Smoke detectors Thermal environment Illumination and electricity Structure and materials Interior air quality Water supply Lead-based paint

21. Effects of poor housing on health

22. Physical health risks of poor housing Overcrowding Increased risk of infectious and respiratory disease BME households particularly at risk Damp and mould Respiratory problems ,Asthma Eczema Tobacco smoke, Radon gas, Pests Homelessness – roof less Problems resulting from facing the elements without protection, only use for temporary accommodation

23. Mental health risks of poor housing Emotional issue more than people in better areas Poor general mental health Bed wetting, poor educational attainment and mental adjustment in children Relationship tensions in family, irritability, impairment of social relations Increased consultation of doctors by women for emotional symptoms, depression in women, Social isolation and psychiatric disturbance among women

24. References Slam. A (2002). Health sector reforms in Pakistan: Why is it needed. Pakistan Medical Associations, 52, (3), 95-100. World health organization (WHO, 1990) Kozier, B., Erb, G. & Oliveri, R. (1991) Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts Process. and Practice. (4th ed.) St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book. Basavanthappa, B.T. (2006). Community Health Nursing New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. http://modernsurvivalblog.com . Ventilation in the Home: A Beginner's Guide | Homebuilding www.homebuilding.co.uk › advice › ventilation