Unit 5 Health promotion of the new born and family from Global and Pakistani Perspectives.pptx

This about health promotion of newborn
Pediatric semester V

1. Health promotion of the new born and family from Global and Pakistani Perspectives By Faraz Siddiqui Lecturer DIONAM 01-06-2024

2. Classification of newborn Classification by Gestational Age Preterm < 37Wks Full term 37 – 42 Wks Postterm > 42 Wks

3. Small for Gestational Age (SGA) : Definition : A baby is classified as SGA if its birth weight is below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. Meaning: SGA indicates that the baby is smaller than the majority of babies of the same gestational age. Implications: SGA babies may have an increased risk of complications both during and after birth, as mentioned earlier.

4. 1. Symmetrical SGA : Definition : Symmetrical SGA refers to babies whose growth restriction affects all body proportions equally. In other words, these babies are proportionally small in weight, length, and head circumference. Characteristics : These babies typically have consistently small measurements for weight, length, and head circumference. The growth restriction occurs early in pregnancy, often during the first trimester, and persists throughout gestation. Symmetrical SGA can be associated with factors such as genetic conditions, chromosomal abnormalities, severe maternal malnutrition, congenital infections, or exposure to toxins or drugs during early pregnancy. Clinical Implications : Symmetrical SGA babies may have a higher risk of developmental delays and long-term growth issues due to the early onset of growth restriction affecting multiple body systems.

5. 2. Asymmetrical SGA Definition : Asymmetrical SGA refers to babies whose growth restriction primarily affects body weight, leading to disproportionate measurements for weight, length, and head circumference. Characteristics : These babies typically have a relatively normal head circumference and length compared to their weight, resulting in a "thin" appearance. The growth restriction occurs later in pregnancy, usually during the third trimester. Asymmetrical SGA can be associated with factors such as placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, maternal smoking, or maternal illness later in pregnancy. Clinical Implications : Asymmetrical SGA babies may have a better prognosis compared to symmetrical SGA babies, as the growth restriction occurs later and may allow for more catch-up growth after birth. However, they may still be at risk for complications such as hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and respiratory distress syndrome due to their low birth weight.

6. Large for Gestational Age (LGA) : Definition : A baby is classified as LGA if its birth weight is above the 90th percentile for its gestational age. Meaning: LGA indicates that the baby is larger than the majority of babies of the same gestational age. Implications: LGA infants may have an increased risk of complications during birth, such as shoulder dystocia, and may be at higher risk for certain health issues later in life, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.

7. Large for Gestational Age (LGA) babies can vary in their characteristics and the underlying reasons for their condition. S ome types of LGA babies based on potential causes and associated factors: Constitutional LGA : Some babies are naturally larger than average due to genetic factors. These babies may have parents who are taller or larger than average, leading to a larger birth weight. Maternal Diabetes : LGA babies can be born to mothers who have gestational diabetes or pre-existing diabetes. Elevated maternal blood sugar levels can lead to increased fetal growth and result in LGA babies. Maternal Obesity : Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of having an LGA baby. High maternal body mass index (BMI) can contribute to excessive fetal growth. .

8. Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) : Definition : A baby is classified as AGA if its birth weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentiles for its gestational age. Meaning: AGA indicates that the baby's size at birth is within the expected range for its gestational age. Implications: AGA babies are considered to have a lower risk of complications compared to SGA or LGA infants, although individual health factors still play a significant rol

9. Developmental Care Approach for premature and newborns in Pakistani families Implementing a developmental care approach for premature and newborn infants in Pakistani families involves addressing their unique cultural, social, and economic context while promoting optimal development and well-being. Here are some strategies tailored to this specific population:

10. 1. Culturally Sensitive Care Recognize and respect the cultural beliefs, practices, and preferences of Pakistani families regarding childbirth, infant care, and family dynamics. Engage with families to understand their cultural values and incorporate culturally appropriate care practices into the developmental care plan.

11. 2. Family-Centered Care : Involve parents and extended family members in the care of premature and newborn infants. Provide education and support to empower parents to participate actively in their infant's care, including kangaroo care, feeding support, and developmental activities.

12. 3. Support for Breastfeeding Encourage and support exclusive breastfeeding, which is culturally valued in Pakistani families. Provide lactation support and education to mothers to establish and maintain breastfeeding, even for premature infants. Address any cultural or social barriers to breastfeeding and promote its importance for infant health and development.

13. 4. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : Promote KMC as a cost-effective and culturally acceptable method of caring for premature infants, particularly in resource-limited settings. Educate parents about the benefits of skin-to-skin contact, thermal regulation, and bonding through KMC, and ensure they feel comfortable and confident practicing it at home.

14. 5. Early Intervention Services Facilitate access to early intervention services for premature and high-risk newborns to support their developmental needs. Work with local healthcare providers, community organizations, and government agencies to ensure timely assessment, referral, and provision of developmental therapies and support services.

15. 6. Community Engagement and Outreach : Conduct community outreach and education programs to raise awareness about prematurity, newborn care practices, and the importance of early childhood development. Collaborate with community leaders, religious institutions, and local organizations to disseminate information and promote positive health behaviors within Pakistani families.

16. 7. Addressing Social Determinants of Health : Recognize and address social determinants of health that may impact the well-being of premature and newborn infants, such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and inadequate nutrition. Advocate for policies and programs that address socioeconomic disparities and improve access to essential resources and services for vulnerable families.

17. 8. Capacity Building and Training : Provide training and capacity building opportunities for healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and community health workers, to enhance their knowledge and skills in providing culturally sensitive and developmentally appropriate care for premature and newborn infants.

18. Nursing care of the full term and premature babies and their families Providing nursing care for both full-term and premature babies, as well as their families, requires a holistic approach that addresses the unique needs of each infant and their caregivers. Here are some key aspects of nursing care for both groups:

19. Full-Term Babies : Initial Assessment and Care : Conduct a thorough assessment of the newborn's vital signs, physical condition, and gestational age. Provide immediate newborn care, including suctioning, warmth, and skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Promoting Bonding and Breastfeeding : Encourage early initiation of breastfeeding and support the mother-infant bonding process. Provide guidance and assistance with breastfeeding techniques, positioning, and latch to ensure successful breastfeeding. Monitoring and Support : Monitor the newborn's feeding, growth, and development in the postpartum period. Provide education and support to parents on newborn care, including diapering, bathing, and safe sleep practices .

20. Conti… Screening and Immunizations : Conduct newborn screenings and administer recommended vaccinations according to the national guidelines. Educate parents about the importance of newborn screening tests and immunizations for their baby's health. Discharge Planning : Collaborate with the healthcare team to develop a discharge plan based on the newborn's health status and family's needs. Provide education on follow-up care, warning signs of illness, and resources available for ongoing support.

21. Premature Babies: Neonatal Intensive Care : Provide specialized care for premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Monitor vital signs, respiratory status, and nutritional needs closely, and collaborate with other healthcare professionals to address any medical issues or complications. Developmental Care : Implement developmental care practices to support the neurodevelopmental needs of premature infants. This includes minimizing environmental stressors, promoting skin-to-skin contact, and providing developmental stimulation appropriate for the infant's gestational age. Feeding Support : Assist premature infants with feeding challenges, such as oral feeding difficulties or transitioning from tube feeding to breastfeeding or bottle feeding. Monitor feeding tolerance and weight gain closely, and adjust feeding strategies as needed.

22. Conti… Family-Centered Care : Involve parents in the care of their premature infant as much as possible. Offer support, education, and counseling to parents to help them cope with the challenges of having a premature baby and to promote bonding and attachment. Discharge Planning and Follow-Up : Collaborate with the NICU team to develop a discharge plan tailored to the premature infant's medical needs and family's resources. Provide education on caring for a premature baby at home, including medication administration, feeding techniques, and monitoring for signs of complications. Schedule follow-up appointments and referrals to appropriate community resources for ongoing support.

23. Support for Families: Emotional Support : Offer emotional support and counseling to families experiencing stress, anxiety, or grief related to their baby's health condition or hospitalization. Validate their feelings, provide information, and connect them with support groups or counseling services as needed. Education and Empowerment : Provide families with comprehensive education on their baby's condition, treatment plan, and care needs. Empower parents to advocate for their baby's health and well-being by involving them in decision-making and care planning. and understanding.

24. Conti… Resource Referral : Connect families with community resources and support services, such as social services, financial assistance programs, and early intervention programs for developmental support. Cultural Sensitivity : Respect and accommodate the cultural beliefs, values, and preferences of families in the provision of care. Engage with interpreters or cultural liaisons as needed to ensure effective communication

25. Home Work ….. Nursing care approaches for dealing with Small for Gestation Age and Low Birth Weight infants:

26. Thanks…..