Unit_I__Lecture_5_-_Branches___Scope_of_Pharmacology.pdf

VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY

1. Branches & Scope of Pharmacology
(Lecture-5 : Dated 07.10.2020)
Dr.NirbhayKumar
Asstt. Professor & Head
Deptt. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology
Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna

2. Source:
Rang& Dale’s
Pharmacology,
Elsevier
Pharmacology
today with
its various
sub-
disciplines

3. Important Sub-disciplines/
Branches of Pharmacology

4. Pharmacokinetics
•ItdealswithstudyofAbsorption,
Distribution,MetabolismandExcretion
(ADME)ofdrugs.
•Inotherwords,itmeans“Whatthebody
doestothedrug?”

5. Pharmacodynamics
•ItdealswithstudyofBiochemicaland
Physiologicaleffectsofdrugsandtheir
Mechanismofaction.
•Inotherwords,itmeans“Whatthedrug
doestothebody?”

6. Chemotherapy
•Itdealswithstudyofdrugswhich
selectivelyinhibitordestroyspecificagents
ofdiseasessuchasbacteria,viruses,fungi
andparasites.

7. Toxicology
•Itdealswithstudyofadverseeffectsof
drugsorchemicalsonlivingsystems.

8. Clinical Pharmacology
•Itdealswithstudyofdrugsinmanand
animalsaspertainingtoorfoundedon
clinicalobservationsonlivingsystems.

9. Experimental Pharmacology
•Itdealswithstudyofactionofdrugsin
animals/animaltissuesunderlaboratory
conditions.

10. Medicinal Chemistry
•Itdealswithstudyofdesigningandsynthesisof
newdrugs.
•ItislargelybasedontheStructureActivity
Relationshipdataofexistingdrugsbelongingto
onegenericgroup.

11. Pharmacognosy
•Itdealswithstudyofsources
andidentificationofdrugs.
•Studyofdrugsderivedfrom
plantandanimalsources(their
sources, identification,
constituentsanddetectionof
substituentsoradulterants.

12. Pharmacy
•Itdealswithstudyofcollection,compoundingand
dispensingofdrugssoastomakethemfitfor
administrationtopatients.

13. Pharmacoeconomics
•Itdealswithstudyofcosteffectivenessofdrug
treatments.

14. Pharmacoepidemiology
•Itdealswithstudyofdrugseffectsatthe
populationlevel.
•Itisconcernedwiththevariabilityofdrugeffects
betweenindividualsinapopulation,andbetween
populations.

15. Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenomics
•Itnowcoversbroadergeneticallybasedvariations
indrugresponse,wherethegeneticbasisismore
complex,theaimbeingtousegeneticinformation
toguidethechoiceofdrugtherapyonanindividual
basis–so-calledpersonalisedmedicine.
•Thestudyofgeneticinfluencesonresponsesto
drugs,initiallyfocusedonfamilialidiosyncraticdrug
reactions,whereaffectedindividualsshowan
abnormal–usuallyadverse–responsetoaclassof
drug.

16. Pharmacovigilance
•Thescienceandactivitiesrelatingtothedetection,
assessment,understandingandpreventionof
adverseeffectsoranyotherpossibledrugrelated
problems.

17. Scope of Pharmacology

18. Scope
AnAreainwhichsomething
•Acts
•Operates
•HasPowerORControl

19. Present
•Academics
•Research
•Industries
•SpecialDomainAreas
Future
•Proteomics
•Pharmacogenomics
•Bioinformatics
•Nanomedicine
•Neutraceuticals

28. Reverse Pharmacology
•Reversepharmacologyisthescienceofintegrating
documentedclinical/experimentalhits,intoleadsby
transdisciplinaryexploratorystudiesandfurther
developingtheseintodrugcandidatesbyexperimental
andclinicalresearch.”
•Examples:Rauwolfiaalkaloidsinhypertension
Psoralensinvitiligo

29. Concept of reverse pharmacology
• It relates routine ‘Lab to clinic’ progress of discovery
to ‘Clinic to lab’.
• Conventional molecule →mice →man
• Reverse pharmacology man →mice →molecule
• In the process, safety remains most important starting
point and efficacy becomes matter of validation.

30. Academics
•UnderGraduateEducation
•PostGraduateEducation

31. Clinical Pharmacology
•Basicscienceofpharmacology:applicationofpharmacological
principlesandmethodsintherealworld.
•FrontiersofClinicalPharmacology:-
-Clinical trials Bioavailability / Bioequivalence studies
-Prescription audit
-Antibiotic stewardship
-Drug use survey
-Rational use of medicines
-Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service.

32. Industries
• Research: New Drug Development
• Medical/ Veterinary advisor
• Medical marketing
• Product management
• Contract research organization
• Training

33. Future
•Proteomics
•Pharmacogenomics
•Bioinformatics
•Nanomedicine
•Neutraceuticals