Unit - I Tourism and Hospilitaty Management (1).pptx

Tourism

1. Tourism and Hospitality Management

2. Syllabus SYLLABUS UNIT - I TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ITS STRUCTURE: Concepts of tourism and definition - present trends in domestic and global tourism- Origin and development of global tourism – History – pleasure travel types of tourism- Forms of Tourism: domestic, regional, inbound and out bound.   UNIT – II TOURISM PRODUCTS IN INDIA: Heritage Tourism-Cultural Tourism- Archaeological tourism- Heritage Tourism: definition of heritage, distinguish culture, heritage, and civilization. Heritage and national heritage. Heritage tourism destination in India; Cultural Tourism: fairs and festivals- Dance and Music festive, food festivals, carnivals, articafts and handicrafts architecture, Painting and sculpture; Archaeological Tourism: Archaeological sites – Monuments- ancient temples of India, Forts- Places and Museums, - Buddhist Heritage sites of India, Islamic art and architecture, Pilgrimage centres, Beach resorts of India, Facilities and amenities UNIT – III TOURISM REGULATORY AUTHORITIES AND DOCUMENT AREAS: Tourism Organizations: National Tourist organizations (NTO) and National Tourism Policies- Tourism National Policy – 1982, World Tour Organization (WTO)- Role of Government and international agencies: Pacific area Travel Association (PATA)-World Tour & travel Council (WTTC)-Roles and responsibilities of Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India-Tourism bills of Rights-Tourism code-Manila Declaration UNIT – IV INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT: Types of accommodation & classification, categorization and forms of Ownership- Activities in Hospitality Management : Front office – Housekeeping –F&B, entertainment, the engineering and maintenance division - the marketing and sales division - The Accounting division - the HR division and the security division UNIT – V TRENDS IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: Different types of hospitality in hotels in India, Trends in lodging and food services - Usage of Customer Relationship Services (CRS) in Hotel Industry- Operational usage through chain of hotels. Role of Associations & Institutions in Hospitality Management-FHRAI, IHM, IHMCT and like wise

3. “The World is a Book and Those Who Do Not Travel Read Only a Page.” - Saint Augustine.

4. Atidhi Devo Bhava India attracts millions of tourists each year. The country had 5 million in 2018, but it still lags far behind other destinations. To attempt to improve the number of tourists traveling to India, the Tourism Department of India started the Atithi Devo Bhavah campaign with the theme ͚Incredible India͛. ' Atithi Devo Bhavah ' is a social awareness campaign that aimed at providing the inbound tourist a greater sense of being welcomed to the country. The campaign targets the general public, while focusing mainly on the stakeholders of the tourism industry. The campaign provides training and orientation to taxi drivers, guides, immigration officers, police, and other personnel who interact directly with the tourist. Ministry will also set up facilitation centers at airports to receive foreign tourists.

5. Introduction Tourism has turned out to be an economic booster contributing to the economic development of many countries over the last few decades. People see holidays as a necessity, and not as luxury in the present scenario. Tourism calls for coordination and cooperation between travel agents, tour operators, and tourists. Tourism has a few major elements — destinations, attractions, sites, accommodation, and all ancillary services.

6. What is Tourism? Tourism involves the activities of people travelling and staying in a place away from their home environment for leisure, business or other purposes. “The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their usual places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs." - Mathieson and Wall

7. Factors that Motivate People to Travel The most common reasons for the people to travel away from home are: To spend holidays leisurely To visit friends and relatives To attend business and professional engagements To get health treatment To undertake religious pilgrimages Any other personal motives

8. What is Tourism Management? It involves the management of multitude of activities such as studying tour destination, planning the tour, making travel arrangements and providing accommodation. It also involves marketing efforts to attract tourists to travel to particular destinations.

9. There is a subtle difference between travelling and tourism. Travelling is going from the place of residence or work to another distant or a neighboring place by any means of transport. Routine travelling can be termed as travelling. Tourism is travelling with an objective. All tourism necessarily include travel but all travel does not necessarily include tourism. We can say, travelling is a subset of tourism. One similarity between travel and tourism is, they both are temporary movements.

10. Types of tourism Mass Tourism It involves tourism of organized large groups of people to special tourist locations. It is a traditional way where the daily program is fixed by the tour organizer. It is a social activity. The tourists generally desire for souvenirs and site-seeing. For example, religious places, theme parks, boat cruises, resort towns.

11. Alternative Tourism It includes individually organized tours to find first-hand information about a place, local culture, and environment. For example, biking tour planned by an individual while accommodation is catered for on the go.

12. Business: It is touring for conducting business transactions, attending business meetings, workshops, or conferences. The objective of business tourism is mainly professional. Pleasure: It includes tourism for improving one’s physical or spiritual well-being. For example, vacation at a Yoga or rehabilitation center.

13. Nature: It is tourism at places famous for pristine nature and serene beauty. The main objective is to experience and enjoy nature such as farms and wildlife. Ecotourism is a part of nature tourism.

14. Cultural: This type of tourism has an objective of understanding the local history of the place, foods, local productions, and local culture. Social: It includes tours conducted among relatives, friends, and others. Recreational Tourism: It includes travelling to escape from routine life. This is often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure. For example, Camping or beach visit.

15. Active Tourism: It is conducted with a clear objective such as climbing a mountain, touring around the world, or learning local culinary arts or languages. Sports Tourism: It is tourism for attending some sports event such as World Cup Cricket Match, FIFA, or Olympics.

16. Religious Tourism: It involves travelling to places of religious significance such as Vaishno Devi in Jammu-Kashmir and Golden Temple at Amritsar (India), Mecca in Saudi Arabia, Bethlehem, and other such places. Health or Medical Tourism: It involves travelling to improve one’s health. It is with the objective of visiting weight-loss camps, naturopathy centers, and health resorts. Adventure Tourism: It involves tourism for adventurous activities such as rock climbing, bungee jumping, sky-diving, hiking, horse-riding, surfing, rafting, or skiing.

17. LEADING STATES/UTs IN TERMS OF TOURISTS ATTRACTION total tourists (9.87 per cent) in 2017 cent) in 2017 Tamil Nadu – Attracted 349.92 million total tourists (20.84 per Domestic Tourists: 345.06 million Foreign Tourists: 4.86 million Major attractions – Meenakshi Temple, Brihadeeswarar Temple, Yelagiri Hills, Hogenakkal Falls & Vivekananda Memorial Karnataka – Attracted 180.48 million total tourists (10.75 per cent) in 2017 Domestic Tourists: 179.98 million Foreign Tourists: 0.50 million Major attractions - Mysore Palace, Hampi, Coorg, Jog falls Andhra Pradesh – Attracted 165.71 million Domestic Tourists: 165.43 million Foreign Tourists: 0.27 million Major Attractions: Tirupati , Araku valley,Talakona waterfalls,Lepakshi , Maharashtra – Attracted 124.27 million total tourists (7.40 per cent) in 2017 Domestic Tourists: 119.19 million Foreign Tourists: 5.08 million Major attractions – Ajanta & Ellora Caves, Shirdi, Ashtavinayak & Matheran Uttar Pradesh – Attracted 237.53 million total tourists (14.14 per cent) in 2017 Domestic Tourists: 233.98 million Foreign Tourists: 3.56 million Major attractions – Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri & Sarnath

18. Trends in Domestic and Global Tourism Tourism industry in India is on a great boom at the moment. Tourism in India is important for the country's economic growth. India has tremendous potential to become a major global tourist destination and Indian tourism industry is exploiting this potential to the hilt. Travel and tourism industry is the second highest foreign exchange earner for India and the government has given travel and tourism organizations export house status.

19. Contd…. Indian tourism industry can be attributed to several factors: Firstly, India is a booming IT hub and more and more people are coming to India on business trips. In second, aggressive advertising campaign "Incredible India" by Tourism Ministry has played a major role in changing the image of India. Tourism is one of the main foreign exchange earners and contributes to the economy indirectly through its linkages with other sectors like horticulture, agriculture, poultry, handicrafts and construction.

20. Contd…. Tourism industry also provides employment to millions of people in India both directly and indirectly through its linkage with other sectors of the economy. According to an estimate total direct employment in the tourism sector is around 20 million. Travel and tourism industry in India is marked by considerable government presence. Each state has a tourism corporation, which runs a chain of hotels/ rest houses and operates package tours, while the central government runs the India Tourism Development Corporation. The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 ranked India 34th out of 140 countries overall

21. MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN INDIA India abounds in tourism potential in throughout the country. It consists of hills, forests, mountains, rivers and seas. For the tourists, India has two special attractions like wildlife and a wealth of ancient monuments. The temples, sculptures and holy sites associated with Buddha, the Hindu temples and caves at Ellora, Khajuraho, Khandagiri , Udagiri and Tanjore. India is located in the southern part of Asia. The southern part of the country is a peninsula. India is a land of diversities. It has a variety of physical features. The country is broadly divided into five physical divisions. They are the Himalayan mountain ranges, Indo-Gangetic plain and the Brahmaputra Valley, plateaus of the South-Central India and the Deccan plateau, Great Indian Desert and the Coastal plains.

22. Global Tourism Trends As one of the biggest contributors to the global The Travel and Tourism (T&T) industry directly contributes about 3.6% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and ,indirectly contributes about 10.3% to it. As one of the biggest contributors to the global GDP, this industry directly employs nearly 77 million people worldwide, which comprises about 3% of the world’s total employment. The T&T industry also contributes to indirect employment generation to the tune of 234 million or 8.7 % of the total employment implying that one in every twelve jobs in the world is in the tourism industry. The industry also represents about 12% of the total world exports. Global market trends indicate that long-haul travel, neighboring country tourism, rural and ethnic tourism, wellness and health holidays, cultural tourism, spiritualism, ecotourism, sports and adventure holidays, and coastal tourism and cruises are a few emerging areas of tourist interest.

23. HISTORY OF TOURISM IN INDIA Tourism in India dates back to the ancient times, and travel in the sub-continent for the purpose of learning, pilgrimage and trade had become an integral part of social life. The urge to travel within the country was fostered by the institution of pilgrimage ( tirthatan ). Varanasi and the snow-clad Himalayas in the north and Kanchipuram in the distant south, Jagannath Puri on the east coast and Dwarika in the West, with innumerable places scattered throughout the country, came to be loved and visited because of their runic charms, temple cities rich in art, architecture. Apart from the normal journeys which pilgrims performed regularly from different parts of India to various tirthas , or centers of pilgrimage, fairs such as "the Kumbha Mela - perhaps the largest religions congregation in the world - attracted thousands of persons from all walks of life

24. Contd…. The holy waters of the Triveni (Confluence of the rivers Ganga, Yam una and Saraswati ) at Allahabad, of the river Ganga in Haridwar , the Kashipura in Ujjain and the Godavari in Nasik. One of the erliest accounts of the Kumbha at Prayag has been recorded by the Chinese Traveller Huieh Triang who visited India (624-645 A.D.) in the early seventh century.

25.  The governm EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SECTOR  A national policy on tourism was announced in 2002, focusing on developing a robust infrastructure Online travel portals & low-cost carrier airlines gave a boost to domestic tourism  The National Tourism Policy was announced in 1982 The government formulated a comprehensive plan in 1988 to promote tourism   2015 onwards 1990–2000 Pre-1990 2000–05 ent has undertaken various marketing initiatives to attract tourists  E – tourist visa launched and 1.697 million tourists arrived in India in 2017 through this facility.  Various states in India declared tourism as an industry The government stressed on private- public partnership in the sector Government policies give a fillip to the hotel industry   Travel and Tourism sector accounted for 8 per cent of total employment opportunities in India in 2017. In November 2018, India attained third position in world tourism sector after China and US.  

26. Importance of Tourism Employment Generation Infrastructure Development Foreign Exchange

27. Impacts of Tourism Economic Impacts Tourism activities impact the economy of the country as well as the local economy of the destination. Economic Costs Higher demand created by tourism activity may increase the price of land, housing and a range of commodities necessary for daily life. Demands on health services provision and police service increase during the tourist seasons at the expense of the local tax base.

28. Economics Benefits Tourism generates local employment, directly in the tourism sector and in support and resource management sectors. Tourism stimulates profitable domestic industries, hotels and other lodging facilities, restaurants and food services, transportation systems, handicrafts, and guide services. Tourism generates foreign exchange for the country and injects capital and new money into the local economy. Tourism helps to diversify the local economy. Improved tourism infrastructure. Increase tax revenues from tourism.

29. Contd…. Social Impacts Tourism also affects the society of the destination in good as well as bad ways. It benefits and costs the local communities. Social Benefits The quality of a community can be enhanced by economic diversification through tourism. Recreational and cultural facilities created for tourism can be used by local communities as well as domestic/international visitors. Public spaced may be developed and enhanced through tourism activity. Tourism Enhances local community’s esteem and provides an opportunity for greater understanding and communication among people of diverse background.

30. Social Costs Rapid tourism growth can result in the inability of local amenities and institutions to meet service demands. Without proper planning and management, litter, vandalism, and crime often accompany tourism development. Tourism can bring overcrowding and traffic Jam. The authenticity of the social and cultural environment can be changed to meet tourism demands.

31. Contd…. Cultural Impacts Tourism activities also affect the culture of the host country. There are many positive and negative cultural impact of tourism Cultural Benefits Tourism can enhance local cultural awareness. Tourism can generate revenue to help pay for the preservation of archaeological sites, historic buildings, and districts. Revival of local traditions and crafts. Cultural Costs Youth in the community begin to emulate the speech and attire of tourists. Historic sites can be damaged through tourism development and pressures.

32. Contd…. Environmental Impact Tourism impacts on the environment in positive as well as negative way. These impacts are following below. Environmental Costs A negative change in the physical integrity of the area. Rapid development, over-development, and overcrowding can forever change the physical environment and ecosystems of an area.

33. Environmental Benefits Parks and nature preserves may be created and ecological preservation supported as a necessity for nature-based tourism. Improved waste management can be achieved. Increased awareness and concern for the environment can result from nature-based tourism activities and development.

34. Tourism Infrastructure

35. Industries Related To Tourism Hotels Restaurants Retail and Shopping Transportation Travel Agencies Tour Operators

36. Types of Tourism Tourism has two types and many forms on the bases of the purpose of visit and alternative forms of tourism. Tourism can be categorized as international and domestic tourism.

37. Contd…. International Tourism When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as  International Tourism . In order to travel to a foreign country, one needs a valid passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc.

38. International Tourism Types Inbound Tourism This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a particular country. When people travel outside their host/native country to another country, then it is called inbound tourism for that country where he/she is traveling. For example when a tourist from Indian origin travels to Japan then it is  Inbound tourism for Japan because foreign tourist comes to Japan. Outbound Tourism This refers to tourists traveling from the country of their origin to another country. When tourists travel a foreign region than it is outbound tourism for his own country because he/she is going outside their country. For example when a tourist from India travel to Japan then it is outbound tourism for India and Inbound tourism for Japan.

39. Contd… Domestic Tourism The tourism activity of the people within their own country is known as  domestic tourism . Traveling within the same country is easier because it does not require formal travel documents and tedious formalities like compulsory health checks and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally does not face many language problems or currency exchange issues.

40. CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRAVELERS BASED ON PERSONALITY Psychocentrics, or people centered on self, are inhibited and unadventurous. When travelling, they prefer “safe” destinations. Allocentrics, or people having interest and attention on other persons, are highly curious and thrive on stimulation and change. More adventurous kind of traveler.

41. CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRAVELERS BASED ON PURPOSE OF TRAVEL Business Travelers -majority of travelers in most developed countries such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are the business travelers. They are divided into three categories namely: Regular Business Travelers - among business travelers, the cost of the trip is shouldered by the company; hence, travel is not influenced by personal income. Business Travelers Attending Meetings , - a regular formalized meeting of associations or body or a meeting sponsored by an association or body on a regular or ad hoc basis. Incentive Travelers- a special type of business travel. It is travel given by firms to employees as a reward for some accomplishment or to encourage employees to achieve more than what is required.

42. Pleasure/Personal Travelers Pleasure/Personal Travelers This group consists of people traveling for vacation or pleasure. They are also called non- business travelers. This kind of travelers are classified into the following categories: Resort Travelers- surveys have shown that resort travelers are better educated, have higher house-hold incomes, and are more likely to have professional and managerial positions. Family Pleasure Travelers- divided into 3 groups. The junior families. Parents aged 20-34 and having a pre-school or grade school children only. Mid-range families. Parents aged 35-44 with grade or high school children Mature families. Parents aged 45 and over with children who are of high school age and older. - The Elderly – these are the travelers age are “50 plus” Singles and Couples – They take their vacations to fulfill their psychological, intellectual, and physical needs by giving them the opportunity to rest, relax escape the routine of pressures of daily living, enjoy the naturalness of life, and to express total freedom.

43. Regional Tourism North India South India Central India Himalayas