UNIT II TOURISM MANAGEMENT MCOM I SEM II

Definitions and Historical Development of Tourism, Types and Forms of Tourism,
Planning and Execution of Tour Plans – Coordination during Tour Management –
Networking for tour management - Career Opportunities in Tourism Industry

1. Tourism Industry UNIT II MCOM SEM II

2. INDEX Definitions and Historical Development of Tourism, Types and Forms of Tourism, Planning and Execution of Tour Plans Coordination during Tour Management Networking for tour management Career Opportunities in Tourism Industry 2 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

3. Definitions and Historical Development of Tourism Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. Building on the definition of tourism, a commonly accepted description of a  tourist  is “someone who travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for business or leisure or other reasons” (LinkBC, 2008, p.8). The United Nations World Tourism Organization (1995) helps us break down this definition further by stating tourists can be: Domestic (residents of a given country travelling only within that country) Inbound (non-residents travelling in a given country) Outbound (residents of one country travelling in another country) 3 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

4. According to WTO  (1993), ” Tourism encompasses the activities of persons traveling and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.” 27 September is celebrated as world tourism every year. This date was chosen as on that day in 1970, the Statutes of UNWTO were adopted. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness of the role of tourism within the international community. 4 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

5. Historical Development of Tourism The historical development of tourism can be traced back to ancient times when people traveled for trade, religious pilgrimage, exploration, and military conquests. However, modern tourism as we know it today began to take shape in the 19th century with the advent of industrialization, improved transportation, and increased leisure time for the middle class. Here's a brief overview of the historical development of tourism: Early Tourism : In ancient times, people traveled for various reasons, including trade along established routes like the Silk Road, religious pilgrimages to sites such as Mecca or Jerusalem, and exploration by adventurers like Marco Polo. Grand Tour : In the 17th and 18th centuries, wealthy young Europeans embarked on the Grand Tour, a journey across Europe's cultural capitals, aimed at broadening their education and cultural understanding. Industrial Revolution : The 19th century saw significant changes with the Industrial Revolution, which brought about technological advancements in transportation, such as steamships and railways, making travel more accessible and affordable. 5 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

6. Thomas Cook and Mass Tourism : Thomas Cook, a British entrepreneur, is often credited with organizing the first package tour in 1841, which marked the beginning of mass tourism. His affordable excursions by train aimed at the working class laid the groundwork for organized tourism. 20th Century : The 20th century witnessed further advancements in transportation, including automobiles and airplanes, making long-distance travel easier and faster. World War II also played a role in the development of tourism, as soldiers returning from war sought leisure activities and travel opportunities. Globalization and Technological Advances : In the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century, globalization and technological advances, such as the internet and social media, have revolutionized the tourism industry. Travel has become more accessible, and people can easily research destinations, book accommodations, and share their experiences online. Sustainable Tourism : With concerns about environmental sustainability and the impact of tourism on local communities, there's been a growing emphasis on sustainable tourism practices that aim to minimize negative impacts and promote responsible travel. Overall, tourism has evolved from a privilege of the wealthy elite to a widespread and diverse industry that plays a significant role in economies worldwide, generating income, employment, and cultural exchange. 6 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

7. TYPES OF TOURISM 7 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

8. International Tourism When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as International Tourism. To travel to a foreign country, one needs a valid passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc. International tourism further divides into two types;  Inbound Tourism  Outbound Tourism. 8 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

9. Inbound Tourism This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a particular country. When people travel outside their host/native country to another country, then it is called inbound tourism for that country where he/she is traveling. For example when a tourist from Indian origin travels to Japan then it is  Inbound tourism for Japan because foreign tourist comes to Japan. Outbound Tourism This refers to tourists traveling from the country of their origin to another country. When tourists travel a foreign region than it is outbound tourism for his own country because he/she is going outside their country. For example when a tourist from India travel to Japan then it is outbound tourism for India and Inbound tourism for Japan. Domestic Tourism The tourism activity of the people within their own country is known as domestic tourism. Traveling within the same country is easier because it does not require formal travel documents and tedious formalities like compulsory health checks and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally does not face many language problems or currency exchange issues. 9 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

10. FORMS OF TOURISM Leisure Tourism : This is the most common form of tourism, where people travel for relaxation, recreation, and enjoyment. It includes activities like sightseeing, sunbathing, beach vacations, and visiting attractions. Business Tourism : Also known as MICE tourism (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions), this form involves travel for professional or business purposes. It includes attending conferences, trade shows, corporate meetings, and incentive trips. Adventure Tourism : Adventure tourism appeals to thrill-seekers who seek excitement and challenges in their travel experiences. Activities may include hiking, rock climbing, mountain biking, zip-lining, white-water rafting, and bungee jumping. Cultural Tourism : Cultural tourism focuses on experiencing the cultural heritage, traditions, arts, and customs of a destination. Travelers immerse themselves in local culture through activities such as visiting museums, attending festivals, and exploring historical sites. Ecotourism : Ecotourism promotes responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustain the well-being of local communities, and provide educational experiences for visitors. It often involves activities such as wildlife watching, nature walks, and staying in eco-friendly accommodations. 10 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

11. Health and Wellness Tourism : Health and wellness tourism involves travel aimed at improving physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It includes activities such as spa retreats, yoga and meditation retreats, wellness workshops, and medical tourism for treatments and procedures. Religious Tourism : Religious tourism involves visiting sites of religious significance, pilgrimage destinations, shrines, temples, churches, mosques, and other places of worship. It offers spiritual experiences, opportunities for prayer and reflection, and cultural insights into different faiths. Heritage Tourism : Heritage tourism revolves around visiting sites of historical, archaeological, architectural, or cultural significance. It includes UNESCO World Heritage sites, museums, monuments, historic landmarks, and cultural festivals. Nautical Tourism : Nautical tourism involves recreational activities undertaken on or near water bodies, such as sailing, yachting, cruising, kayaking, fishing, and diving. Gastronomic Tourism : Gastronomic tourism focuses on culinary experiences and exploring the local food and beverage culture of a destination. It includes food tours, cooking classes, wine tasting, and visiting local markets and restaurants. Rural Tourism : Rural tourism involves visiting rural areas to experience rural life, agricultural practices, and natural landscapes. It offers opportunities for farm stays, agritourism, nature walks, and outdoor activities. Dark Tourism : Dark tourism involves visiting sites associated with death, tragedy, or suffering, such as war memorials, Holocaust museums, disaster sites, and haunted locations. It offers insights into historical events and human experiences. 11 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

12. Planning and Execution of Tour Plans Research and Destination Selection : Identify the interests, preferences, and budget constraints of the travelers. Research potential destinations based on factors such as climate, culture, attractions, activities, and safety. Consider logistics such as travel time, transportation options, visa requirements, and accommodation availability. Itinerary Development : Create a detailed itinerary outlining the activities, attractions, and landmarks to visit each day. Allocate sufficient time for each activity, including travel time between locations. Ensure a balance between scheduled activities and free time for relaxation and exploration. 12 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

13. Transportation and Accommodation : Book transportation tickets (flights, trains, buses) well in advance to secure the best deals and availability. Reserve accommodation (hotels, hostels, vacation rentals) based on location, budget, and amenities. Consider factors such as proximity to attractions, safety, and accessibility. Travel Logistics : Arrange for airport transfers or transportation from the arrival point to the accommodation. Familiarize travelers with local transportation options, including public transit, taxis, and rental vehicles. Provide travelers with essential information such as emergency contacts, local currency, language tips, and cultural norms. 13 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

14. Activities and Attractions : Pre-book tickets or reservations for popular attractions, tours, and activities to avoid long queues and disappointment. Research guided tours, cultural experiences, adventure activities, and dining options that align with travelers' interests. Keep flexibility in the itinerary to accommodate unexpected changes or spontaneous activities. Safety and Health Considerations : Educate travelers about safety precautions, local laws, customs, and health risks specific to the destination. Provide travelers with necessary vaccinations, medications, travel insurance, and emergency contact information. Encourage travelers to stay hydrated, practice sun protection, and follow hygiene practices to prevent illness. 14 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

15. Communication and Support : Stay in communication with travelers before, during, and after the trip to address any concerns or questions. Provide travelers with contact information for local tour operators, emergency services, and embassy/consulate. Offer support and assistance in case of emergencies, flight delays, cancellations, or unforeseen circumstances. Feedback and Evaluation : Gather feedback from travelers about their experiences, including what they enjoyed and areas for improvement. Evaluate the effectiveness of the tour plan, logistics, accommodations, and activities to inform future planning. Use feedback to refine tour packages, improve customer satisfaction, and build a positive reputation. 15 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

16. Coordination during Tour Management 16 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

17. 17 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

18. 18 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

19. 19 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

20. Career Opportunities in Tourism Industry 20 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

21. 21 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

22. 22 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

23. 23 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

24. 24 DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA

25. DR VIJAY VISHWAKARMA 25