UNIT IV hydralogy in mechanical engineering.pptx

mechanical engg

1. CARBON CYCLE:

2. NITROGEN CYCLE:

3. SULPHUR CYCLE:

4. TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM: There are two types of ecosystem Natural Ecosystem a) Terrestrial Ecosystem b) Aquatic Ecosystem i ) Fresh water ii) Marine water 2. Artificial Ecosystem

5. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT: Technological advancement: Technologically advanced or developed countries where population is more, consumes more natural resources Population growth : Rapid growth of population creates imbalance between population resources resulting in deforestation, soil erosion and other ecological changes Environmental effects of extracting mineral resources : The mining and processing of mineral resources has considerable effect on land, water, air and biological resources.

6. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT :( EIA) It is defined as the study of changes in an environmental system due to a proposed project. EIA methodology provides an organized approach for identification, predication and evaluation of the project impacts. Characteristics of EIA methodology: Scientific approach Accurate quantification of the impacts A compact data with least loss of information Good predictive capability Display the information in proper format Flexibility of application to different size and type of projects

7. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Types of Solid wastes: Food waste (garbage) Rubbish Demolition and construction waste Special waste Treatment plant waste Hazardous waste Agricultural waste

8. Sources of Solid Waste: Residential Institutional sources Municipal sources Industrial sources Agricultural sources Commercial sources Methods for disposal of municipal solid waste: Land fill: Spreading waste on land and after few years it becomes compact which is then covered by soil. Incineration: Waste is reduced by burning and then disposed Composting: Organic waste is fertilized or decomposed making it useful for growing plants and trees.

9. ELECTRONIC WASTE: Electronic wastes (E- waste) are electronic goods which are not suitable for their specified use. For example: Television set, keyboard, hard disk, mobile phones, air conditioner, magnetic tapes, compact disc etc. Disposal of E-waste: Landfill: E-waste is piled up and covered with domestic waste and soil. Incineration: E-waste is burned under controlled environment. The toxic gases or smoke is released in air. Recycle: The important materials of E-waste are collected and sent to manufacturing companies for producing another products