Unit2_4.pptx Object Oriented Concepts .

Object Oriented Concepts
Defining class
Object of class
Access modifier
Feature of OOPs
Inheritance
Abstraction
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
2.2.1 Defining classes, class members, Interfaces, properties
2.2.2 Access modifiers, Implementation of class, interface and properties
2.2.3 Concept of hiding base class methods, Overriding
2.2.4 Event Handling

1. M. SC. (Computer Science) Course Code : 23CsCmpP121 Course Name : DOT NET Presented By : Priyanka Jadhav Modern College of Arts,Science and Commerce ,Pune-5

2. Notes Chapter 2 Introduction to C#

3. 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts 2.2.1 Defining classes, class members, Interfaces, properties 2.2.2 Access modifiers, Implementation of class, interface and properties 2.2.3 Concept of hiding base class methods, Overriding 2.2.4 Event Handling Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

4. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Defining class Object of class Access modifier Feature of OOPs Inheritance Abstraction Polymorphism Encapsulation

5. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Access modifier Access modifiers are keywords used to specify the declared accessibility of a member or a type. Access modifiers are an integral part of object-oriented programming. They support the concept of encapsulation, which promotes the idea of hiding functionality. Access modifiers allow you to define who does or doesn't have access to certain features.

6. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Access modifier It’s special kind of modifiers using which we can define the scope of a type(class) and it’s members. Private Internal Protected Protected internal Public

7. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Access modifier

8. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Inheritance Inheritance is one of the three foundational principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) because it allows the creation of hierarchical classifications. Using inheritance you can create a general class that defines traits common to a set of related items. This class can then be inherited by other, more specific classes, each adding those things that are unique to it. In the language of C#, a class that is inherited is called a base class. The class that does the inheriting is called the derived class. Therefore a derived class is a specialized version of a base class.

9. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

10. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

11. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

12. E Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Abstraction in C# (and .NET in general) is a fundamental object-oriented programming concept that involves hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary parts of an object. This makes it easier to manage and work with objects by reducing complexity and increasing reusability. In C#, abstraction can be achieved using abstract classes and interfaces. Abstract Classes An abstract class cannot be instantiated directly and may contain abstract methods (methods without a body) that must be implemented by derived classes. It can also include concrete methods (methods with a body ). .  

13. Interfaces An interface defines a contract that implementing classes must follow. Interfaces cannot contain any implementation, only method, property, event, or indexer declarations . Example : Visual studio( AbstractClassExample ) Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

14. Polymorphism Polymorphism is one of the core principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) and refers to the ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through inheritance. In C#, polymorphism allows you to define methods in a base class and override them in derived classes. There are two types of polymorphism in C#: Compile-time polymorphism (Method Overloading) Run-time polymorphism (Method Overriding) Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

15. Compile-time Polymorphism (Method Overloading) Method overloading occurs when you have multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Run-time Polymorphism (Method Overriding) Method overriding occurs when a base class declares a method and a derived class overrides this method with its own implementation. Example: Visual Studio( PolymorphismExample ) Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

16. Encapsulation Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (OOP). It refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit or class. Key Points of Encapsulation Data Hiding: Internal object details (data members) are hidden from the outside world and only accessible through public methods. Controlled Access: Access to the data is controlled through getters and setters . Example : Visual studio( EncapsulationExample ) Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

17. E Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Constructors In C#, a constructor is a special method of a class that is automatically called when an instance of the class is created. It is used to initialize the object’s data members. Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type, not even void .

18. E Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Types of Constructors Default Constructor: Automatically provided by C# if no constructors are defined. Initializes fields to their default values. Parameterized Constructor: Takes parameters to allow different ways of initializing an object. Copy Constructor: Initializes an object using another object of the same class. Static Constructor: Used to initialize static members of the class.

19. Key Points Default Constructor: No parameters, initializes fields to default values. Parameterized Constructor: Accepts parameters to initialize fields. Copy Constructor: Initializes a new object as a copy of an existing object. Static Constructor: Initializes static members of the class, called once, before any instance is created or any static members are referenced. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

20. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts Function overloading Function overriding(Virtual function) Hiding methods

21. Function overloading Function overloading allows multiple methods in the same scope to have the same name but different signatures (i.e., different parameter lists ) Example : Function Overloading same as polymorphism Function overriding Function overriding refers to the ability to define a method in a subclass that has the same name and signature as a method in its superclass. When a method is overridden, the subclass's version of the method is called instead of the superclass's version. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

22. Example : Function Overriding class Animal: def speak(self): print("Some generic animal sound ") class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): print("Woof !") # Example usage animal = Animal() animal.speak () # Output: Some generic animal sound dog = Dog() dog.speak () # Output: Woof! Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

23. Hiding methods H iding methods is often done using the new keyword. This allows a subclass to define a method with the same name as a method in its base class, but the base class's method is hidden rather than overridden. This is different from method overriding, where the base class method is overridden and calls the overridden method in the subclass. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

24. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts

25. Chapter 2 Introduction to C# 2.2 Object Oriented Concepts